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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin ; insulin release ; glucose ; magnesium sulphate ; olive oil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between changes of serum immuno-reactive cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) and serum immuno-reactive insulin has been studied after various stimuli. The oral administration of 5% glucose or magnesium sulphate and the intra-duodenal administration of olive oil were all followed by a rise of serum CCK-PZ. The serum insulin rose after 5% glucose and also showed a small but insignificant rise with olive oil. There was, however, no change of serum insulin after the ingestion of magnesium sulphate suggesting that CCK-PZ in isolation does not stimulate insulin release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 160 (1974), S. 33-45 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ferrets were infected with recombinant influenza A viruses which possessed either the haemagglutinin or neuraminidase antigens of A/Hong Kong/68 influenza virus. After five weeks the immunity of the animals was challenged by infection with A/HK/68 virus. Immunity to challenge infection was greatest in those ferrets with serum HI antibody to A/HK/68; the presence of NI antibody conferred a measurably lower degree of immunity. A small degree of heterotypic immunity was observed following challenge infection of ferrets previously infected with influenza virus A/PR/8/34, although the surface antigens of this virus are completely different from those of A/HK/68. Experiments in which ferrets were infected with A/HK/68 virus and subsequently challenged with the recombinant viruses confirmed the results of the first experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability of several, live type A influenza viruses to enhance the serum haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody response of hamsters to subsequent immunization with inactivated, heterotypic influenza virus vaccines was examined. Live influenza viruses were found to vary in their priming ability for a given vaccine, and a given virus was not able to prime for all inactivated vaccines to an equal extent. Common determinants in the haemagglutinin antigens of the priming virus and the vaccine virus were suggested as responsible for the enhancement of the antibody response to some of the vaccines, but for other pairs of viruses the haemagglutinin antigens were distinct. Thus, enhancement in these instances cannot be due to cross-reacting haemagglutinins. Pre-infection of hamsters by several influenza type A viruses was employed in an attempt to enhance the serum HI antibody response to purified, haemagglutinin antigens prepared from A/PR/8/34 and the MRC-2 recombinant strain of A/England/42/72 viruses. Although prior infection enhanced the antibody response to whole virus, this was not demonstrable for the purified haemagglutinin components of the virus. The possible reasons for this are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 162 (1976), S. 227-237 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hamsters previously infected by influenza viruses, have been shown to have a cell-mediated immune response, as measured by the macrophage migration inhibition test. The participation of spleen cells in the protection of recipients against homologous influenza virus infection was also demonstrated using adoptive transfer experiments. However, the protection achieved by spleen cell transfer was marginal and not observed in every animal. The time at which the spleen cells were transferred following infection, and their number, affected the outcome. Evidence suggesting that transferred spleen cells protected recipient hamsters through specific antibody is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 176 (1987), S. 329-339 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The value of the single radial haemolysis (SRH) test as a possible replacement for the haemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) test for the estimation of antibodies against influenza was assessed in three animal models. The serum antibody response was measured by both assay systems; correlation of the two tests was assessed using regression analysis. The study showed that when the response to a single immunisation was determined, the ferret model gave satisfactory correlation of SRH and HAI, whilst in the mouse and hamster models poor correlation was observed. Correlation was only improved in the mouse model when an immunisation schedule that mimicked the human situation of a background exposure to different strains of influenza virus was used. Since influenza vaccine efficacy is usually assessed in animals using a single immunisation we suggest that the SRH is not acceptable for use in either hamsters or mice, but is acceptable where the ferret model is involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 166 (1978), S. 51-62 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The degree of lymphocyte transformations and leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) in the presence of inactivated A/Scotland/74 (H3N2) influenza virus vaccine was measured in blood samples collected from 56 medical student volunteers. At the same time the volunteers were skin tested, using the same vaccine. Using the antigenically similar WRL 105 (H3N2), recombinant influenza virus, the level of haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies in serum, and neutralizing antibodies in nasal washings collected from the volunteers, were also determined. Each volunteer was then inoculated with live, attenuated WRL 105 influenza virus vaccine and infections demonstrated by virus isolations and serology. Correlations between the ability to infect the volunteers and the various parameters of humoral and cellular immunity were then determined. The results showed a good correlation between the level of serum HI antibody and infection. Thus 16 of 20 volunteers with serum HI antibody titres of 1∶10, but only 6 of 20 volunteers with antibody levels of 1∶30, showed evidence of infection. No direct correlation was observed between any of the other parameters measured and infection by WRL 105 virus. However, when the LMI and serum HI antibody levels were considered together, a contribution of cellular immunity, as measured by the LMI test, could be found. Of 19 volunteers with low serum HI antibody and low LMI levels, 16 were infected, whereas of 13 volunteers with low HI antibody, but with high LMI levels, only 6 showed evidence of infection with WRL 105 influenza virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 169 (1981), S. 259-268 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several wild-type influenza A strains together with recombinants derived from these strains, were tested for sensitivity to amantadine using the in vitro techniques of inhibition in egg-bit culture and plaque reduction in MDCK cells. The results obtained were analysed with reference to the derivation of the recombinants. Susceptibility to amantadine was related to the gene coding for matrix protein, and these data are in agreement with previous reports of studies using other series of influenza viruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 169 (1981), S. 247-258 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The value of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for de termining the serum antibody responses of volunteers following immunisation with various inactivated influenza virus vaccines was assessed, and the incidence of seroconversions, as measured by both haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and ELISA response of the volunteers determined. ELISA was found to be more sensitive than the HI test in detecting serum antibodies, but was also less specific under the conditions used. With regard to efficacy, the whole virus vaccine proved to be more effective in inducing serum antibody in an unprimed population than either tween-ether split or subunit adsorbed vaccines, but the reverse situation held when the population was primed with respect to the antigen concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words B7-1 ; Promoter ; Enhancer ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.80 ; 32.90+1 ; 79.20.Ds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser ablation of solid GaAs samples has been studied using one tunable pulsed dye laser. At relatively low laser power, enhancements of up to several hundred times have been observed in the yield of resonantly ionised Ga using laser wavelengths corresponding to the atomic transition 42 P 1/2-42 D 3/2. The influences of laser power and target geometry, on the ion yield and spectral profile, are discussed. It is argued that the resonant excitation and ionisation processes occur in the gas phase of the atoms ablated from the sample surface, and the observed asymmetric spectral profile results from laser-induced collisional processes, e.g., optical collisions, under conditions of relatively high atomic density in the interaction region. Potential applications are foreseen for resonant laser ablation in trace analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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