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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um angemessene Standardbedingungen für metabolische Studien an Insekten zu etablieren, wurden vier betäubende Drogen (Diäthyläther, Chloroform, Halothane und Enflurane) bei Arbeiterinnen der AmeiseFormica rufa L.angewendet. Die Rate der Freigabe von CO2 bei den Tieren wurde durch den Wechsel des elektrischen Leitvermögens einer 5 mM Lösung von Sr(OH)2 bestimmt. Die angewandte Methode erlaubt Messungen von freigegebenen CO2-Mengen bis hinab zu 1,12 μl/Std. (0,05 μM/Std.) Unter den vier angewandten Betäubungsmethoden schien Enflurane am besten geeignet zu sein, da es nicht in den Stoffwechsel aufgenommen wird und keine Muskelirritationen oder eine Freigabe von Ameisensäure hervorruft. Alle Versuche wurden bei Temperaturintervallen zwischen 15–30°C durchgeführt. Bei 25° C beträgt die mittlere CO2-Produktion für jedes mit Enflurane betäubte Individuum 6,5 μl/Std., welches 1,6 μl/mg/Std. (Trockengewicht) entspricht. Die Q10-Werte für die Produktion von CO2 bei den Intervallen von 15–25°C und 20–30°C zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede, und der mittlere Werf für Q10±SD für die betäubten Arbeiterinnen war 2,56±0,39. Die Methode ist besonders geeignet für Experimente an Insekten, wenn Standardbedigungen für die Evaluierung von metabolischen Effekten der auch auf die muskuläre Aktivität influierenden Faktoren notwendig sind.
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to establish suitable standard conditions for metabolic studies in insects, four anaesthetic drugs (ethyl ether, chloroform, halothane and enflurane) have been applied to worker ants ofFormica rufa L. The rate of CO2 liberation from the animals was determined, by measuring the change in the electric conductivity of a 5 mM solution of Sr(OH)2. The procedure applied permits the measurement of rates of CO2 liberation down to about 1.12 μl/h (0.05 μM/h). Among the four anaesthetic drugs investigated, enflurane proved to be the most suitable, not being metabolized and not provoking any initial muscular excitation, or liberation of formic acid. All experiments were carried out in the temperature interval 15–30°C. At 25°C the mean CO2 production per enflurane anaesthetized individual amounts to 6.5 μl/h, which corresponds to 1.6 μl/mg d.w./h. The10 for the production of CO2 in the intervals 15–25°C and 20–30°C were not significantly different, and the mean Q10±SD for the anaesthetized worker ants was 2.56±0.39. The method described is very suitable for experiments on insects when standard conditions are necessary for evaluating the metabolic effects of factors, which may also influence muscular activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 767-767 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; HbA1c ; microalbuminuria ; insulin infusion pumps ; continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ; blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We re-examined 69 of the 70 patients entering the two independent Steno Studies of effects of improved metabolic control on progression of late diabetic complications. They were analysed according to an intent to treat after follow-up for 8 years (Steno Study 1) and 5 years (Steno Study 2). The glycaemic control had improved in the insulin infusion group compared with the conventional treatment group (mean HbA1c) by 2.0±0.6% vs 0.7±1.2 in Steno Study 1 and by 1.8±1.2% vs 0.4±1.3 (p〈0.01) in Steno Study 2. In the insulin infusion groups three patients had died during episodes of ketoacidosis. These were not caused by malfunction of the insulin infusion pumps. In the conventional treatment groups, three patients suffered five cardiovascular events causing two deaths. From the sixth month of Steno Study 1 the annual change of the glomerular filtration rate was −3.7 (−5.4 to −2.0) ml·min−1·1.73 m−2 vs −1.0 (−2.1 to −0.1) (conventional vs insulin infusion group, mean (95% confidence interval, p〈0.01)). The change in urinary albumin excretion was associated with the glycaemic control (n=69, r=0.49, p〈0.0002). No progression was observed among 32 patients with low range microalbuminuria (30 to 99 mg/24 h). Among the 19 patients with an initial albumin excretion between 100 and 300 mg/24 h, progression of complications was more frequent during conventional treatment (n=10) vs insulin infusion (n=9): Clinical nephropathy (10 of 10 vs 2 of 9, p〈0.01) and arterial hypertension (7 of 10 vs 1 of 9, p〈0.01). The glomerular filtration rate declined during conventional treatment by −23 (−42 to −4) ml·mm−1·1.73 m−2 (p〈0.05) but not during insulin infusion (−13 (−31 to 5) NS). These results suggest that patients at risk of nephropathy should be offered near normal glycaemic control in order to preserve their kidney function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 219-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes ; albuminuria ; extracellular matrix ; heparan sulphate ; vascular dysfunction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Albuminuria in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes is not only an indication of renal disease, but a new, independent risk-marker of proliferative retinopathy and macroangiopathy. The coincidence of generalised vascular dysfunction and albuminuria, advanced mesangial expansion, proliferative retinopathy, and severe macroangiopathy suggests a common cause of albuminuria and the severe renal and extrarenal complications associated with it. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of anionic components of the extracellular matrix (e.g. heparan sulphate proteoglycan) vulnerable to hyperglycaemia, seem to constitute the primary cause of albuminuria and the associated complications. Genetic polymorphism of such enzymes is possibly the main reason for variation in susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; mild hypertension ; diabetic nephropathy ; albumin leakage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetic patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion rate (incipient or clinical nephropathy) also have an increased transcapillary escape rate of albumin. This study was designed to clarify whether this is caused by a general vascular dysfunction or by elevated systemic blood pressure. The systemic blood pressure and the transcapillary escape rate of albumin were measured in the following groups after 4 weeks without antihypertensive treatment: Group 1 — eleven healthy control subjects. Group 2 — ten Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy (urinary albumin excretion rate: 30–300 mg/24 h) and normal blood pressure. Group 3 — eleven non-diabetic patients with essential hypertension. Group 4 — nine Type 1 diabetic patients with hypertension but normal urinary albumin excretion (〈30 mg/24 h). Group 5 — eleven Type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy (urinary albumin excretion rate 〉 300 mg/24 h) and hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were similar in the three hypertensive groups: group 3, 148±8/95±6; group 4, 150±12/94±8 and group 5; 152±12/92±7mmHg, but significantly elevated (p〈0.001) compared to control group 1,117±12/74±9 and group 2, 128±7/82±4 mm Hg. The transcapillary escape rate of albumin was similar in the control subjects (5.2±2.7%) and the subjects in the normoalbuminuric groups 3 and 4 (6.2±1.9 and 5.1±1.4 %, respectively) and significantly lower (p〈0.001) than in patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion without or with hypertension group 2, 10.1±2.8 and group 5, 11.4±5.7 %. The increased transcapillary escape rate of albumin in patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion is unrelated to moderate systemic hypertension and may therefore be caused by alterations in the properties of the capillary walls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 73-78 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Diabetic nephropathy ; coagulation ; fibrinopeptide A ; prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 ; factor Xa ; antithrombin III.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The biological activity of thrombin and coagulation factor Xa was assessed in 62 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. A group of non-diabetic subjects of comparable age and urinary albumin excretion rate (〈 30 mg/24 h) served as control subjects (group 1, n = 14). The patients were divided into three groups according to urinary albumin excretion rate. In group 2, albumin excretion rate was less than 30 mg/24 h (n = 17), in group 3 albumin excretion rate was in the range 30–300 mg/24 h (n = 20) and in group 4 albumin excretion rate was greater than 300 mg/24 h (n = 25). Compared to non-diabetic control subjects an increase in the biological activity of factor Xa was observed in all groups of diabetic patients (prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 levels were 1.14 ± 0.38 nmol/l in group 2, p 〈 0.005; 1.06 ± 0.45 nmol/l in group 3, p 〈 0.05 and 1.03 ± 0.31 nmol/l in group 4, p 〈 0.05 vs 0.75 ± 0.34 nmol/l in group 1). No difference in the level of antithrombin III was seen between the groups. We reconfirmed the presence of intimal dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy demonstrated by elevated transcapillary escape rate of albumin in group 4 compared with group 2 (8.9 ± 2.0 % vs 7.0 ± 1.9 %, p 〈 0.05). An overall positive correlation between transcapillary escape rate and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 was found (r = 0.36, p 〈 0.005). However, in the groups with elevated albumin excretion rate such a correlation was not significant (group 3: r = 0.15, p = 0.54; group 4: r = 0.03, p = 0.86) while it was sustained in the groups with albumin excretion rate of less than 300 mg/24 h (group 1: r = 0.61, p 〈 0.05; group 2: r = 0.64, p 〈 0.05). In conclusion, IDDM patients had elevated biological activity of factor Xa, demonstrated by elevated levels of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2. This increment could not be explained by a deficiency of antithrombin III. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 73–78]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 73-78 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy ; coagulation ; fibrinopeptide A ; prothrombin fragment 1+2 ; factor Xa ; antithrombin III
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The biological activity of thrombin and coagulation factor Xa was assessed in 62 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. A group of non-diabetic subjects of comparable age and urinary albumin excretion rate (〈30 mg/24 h) served as control subjects (group 1,n=14). The patients were divided into three groups according to urinary albumin excretion rate. In group 2, albumin excretion rate was less than 30 mg/24 h (n=17), in group 3 albumin excretion rate was in the range 30–300 mg/24 h (n=20) and in group 4 albumin excretion rate was greater than 300 mg/24 h (n=25). Compared to non-diabetic control subjects an increase in the biological activity of factor Xa was observed in all groups of diabetic patients (prothrombin fragment 1+2 levels were 1.14±0.38 nmol/l in group 2,p〈0.005; 1.06±0.45 nmol/l in group 3,p〈0.05 and 1.03±0.31 nmol/l in group 4,p〈0.05 vs 0.75±0.34 nmol/l in group 1). No difference in the level of antithrombin III was seen between the groups. We reconfirmed the presence of intimal dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy demonstrated by elevated transcapillary escape rate of albumin in group 4 compared with group 2 (8.9±2.0% vs 7.0±1.9%,p〈0.05). An overall positive correlation between transcapillary escape rate and prothrombin fragment 1+2 was found (r=0.36,p〈0.005). However, in the groups with elevated albumin excretion rate such a correlation was not significant (group 3:r=0.15,p=0.54; group 4:r=0.03,p=0.86) while it was sustained in the groups with albumin excretion rate of less than 300 mg/24 h (group 1:r=0.61,p〈0.05; group 2:r=0.64,p〈0.05). In conclusion, IDDM patients had elevated biological activity of factor Xa, demonstrated by elevated levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2. This increment could not be explained by a deficiency of antithrombin III. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 73–78]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 112 (1989), S. 109-122 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: bicarbonate secretion ; chloride channel ; epithelia ; cystic fibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Single anion-selective channels have been studied in cultured human epithelial cells using the patch-clamp technique. Three cell types were used as models for different anion transport systems: (i) PANC-1, a cell line derived from the pancreatic duct, (ii) T84, a Cl-secreting colonic cell line, and (iii) primary cultures of sweat duct epithelium. Outwardly rectifying anion-selective channels were observed in all three preparations and were indistinguishable with respect to conductance, selectivity and gating. Striking similarities between HCO3- and Cl-secreting epithelia, and the high density of outward rectifiers in pancreatic cells prompted us to study HCO3 permeation through this channels. HCO3 permeability was significant when channels were bathed in symmetrical 150mm HCO3 solutions, Cl−HCO3 mixtures, and under bi-ionic conditions with outwardly and inwardly directed HCO3 gradients. Permeability ratios (P HCO3/P Cl) estimated from bi-ionic reversal potentials ranged from 0.50 to 0.64, although conductance ratios greater than 1.2 were observed with high extracellular pH. Chloride did not inhibit HCO3 permeation noticeably but rather had a small stimulatory effect when present on the opposite side of the membrane. The prevalence of outward rectifiers in PANC-1 and their permeability to bicarbonate suggests the channel may have a dual role in HCO3 secretion; to allow Cl recycling at the apical membrane and to mediate some of the HCO3 flux. Defective modulation of this channel in cystic fibrosis might provide a common basis for dysfunction in epithelia having very different anion transport properties (e.g., HCO3 secretion, Cl secretion and Cl absorption).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 1 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Clinical findings of four female members from one family with familial hemiplegic migraine are briefly summarized. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies using the xenon 133 inhalation method were carried out during and between hemiplegic attacks in two of the family members. CBF was significantly lower over the affected hemisphere during attacks, while equal flow on both sides was seen in headache free periods. The findings indicate that cerebral perfusion is altered, but not necessarily decreased during attacks of familial hemiplegic migraine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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