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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 19 (1972), S. 238-247 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we consider the problem of computing inclusion regions for the eigenvalues of a partitioned matrix. The algorithms derived are special cases of a generalization of a result of Feingold and Varga which, in turn, is a generalization to the partitioned case of the well-known Gerschgorin circle theorem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 16 (1970), S. 22-31 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 632-645 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Recently, new methods based on the use of genetic algorithms have been explored and developed for solving crystal structures directly from powder diffraction data. In implementing genetic algorithms in such applications, several different aspects of the technique and strategy are open to optimization, leading to a versatile and powerful approach. In this paper, the fundamental concepts underlying genetic algorithms are discussed and the implementation of the genetic algorithm for structure solution from powder diffraction data is described. The opportunities, scope and potential for future developments in the foundations and applications of genetic algorithms in this field are highlighted. The genetic algorithm approach adopts the `direct-space' philosophy for structure solution, with trial structures generated independently of the experimental diffraction data and the quality of each structure assessed by comparing the calculated and experimental powder diffraction patterns; in this work, this comparison is made using the profile R factor Rwp. In the genetic algorithm, a population of trial structures is allowed to evolve subject to well defined rules governing mating, mutation and `natural selection'. The `fitness' of each structure in the population is a function of its profile R factor. The successful application of the genetic algorithm approach for structure solution of molecular crystals from powder diffraction data is demonstrated with examples of previously known and previously unknown structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 19 (1981), S. 137-148 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Summary Non-linear mechanical response of viscoelastic strain responding media to high amplitude stress-strain is examined from a phenomenological point of view and found to lead to results compatible with empirical observations of high intensity ultrasound irradiation of brain, liver, and eye lens tissues. The proposed hysteresis model provides for most of the observed dependencies such as an intensity dependent absorption coefficient, an absorption coefficient increasing linearly with frequency, and a dispersionless velocity of ultrasound in soft tissues (excluding lung). The non-linear compliance of tissues further predicts production of half-harmonic signals even in the absence of cavitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 7 (1986), S. 283-293 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: ultrasound immunosuppression ; natural killer (NK) cells ; hamster immune system ; hyperthermia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The effects of in vivo ultrasound irradiation of the spleen on immunological functions were assessed with an in vitro natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic assay. Anesthetized hamsters were exposed to 1 MHz ultrasound at intensity levels currently being used clinically for therapeutic diathermy and hyperthermia (1-5 W/cm2, for 500 sec with constant beam scanning). Hyperthermic levels in the spleen ranged from 38-43°C. Significant depression of natural killer (NK) cell activity was seen 4 h after spleen irradiation as compared to sham irradited and normal animals. A return towards normal levels was observed in experimental groups at 24 h after exposure. Sham and normal animals were not significantly different in NK activity, indicating no significant stress-related immunosuppressive effects due to handling. Differential leukocyte counts taken for each exposure condition showed significant lymphopenia at 4, 8, and 16 h after exposure, near normal levels at 24 h, and complete recovery by 48 h. The number of circulating mononuclear cells at 4 h showed a dose-related suppression as the exposure intensities were increased.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1739-1760 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 20 (1980), S. 1102-1109 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A Model 111 Perkin-Elmer projection printer, with a 3100 Å exposure capability was evaluated for far-UV printing. The improvement found in resolution at 3100 Å compared to 4000 Å was roughly proportional to the mean exposure wavelengths in the near and far-UV as verified by electrical probe yield data of printed meander patterns. The processing latitude of various photoresists of the diazide type was found in the 1.0 μm and 2.5 μm line width range by electrically measuring the line widths of meanders etched into metal films using the appropriate resist mask. Exposures were varied continuously on individual wafers so that the resist linewidth change vs exposure could be determined using a minimum number of wafers. It was found that resists such as AZ-2400 which pass much of the exposing radiation have better latitude than those that absorb most of the exposing radiation (HPR-204, MPR). Some new, unconventional resists studied have even greater latitude than the diazide resists. Design compensations which have to be made for proximity and related effects at fine dimension are in the 0.1 μm to 0.2 μm range. Depth-of-focus for the printer studied seems to be adequate for careful work at 1.0 μm using 3100 A exposure. The overlay printing capability, which includes mask quality, operator error, and printer optics and stability, is within 0.25 μm from level-to-level.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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