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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microsystems for independent parallel chemical and biological processing (1995)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 1 (1995), S. 168-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Modern microsystem application is concentrated on the development of microstructured sensors and actuators in integrated devices. Examples of that approach are microoptical components for endoscopic surgery, sensors and micropumps in integrated liquid analysers for pollution measurements. Often microsystems replace normal systems like commercially available piston pumps by silicon made liquid pumps in the hope of reducing costs but there is a lack of finding new applications. In contrast our approach of combining special developed microcompartments constructed with transparent membranes or microsieves and microdosing systems based on the ink jet principle together with optical devices like CCD cameras allow to overcome a real bottleneck in the new field of evolutionary biotechnology, the problem of screening a huge number of samples at a reasonable price. The goal of this approach is to design new molecules like enzymes by means of Darwinian evolution i.e. mutation and selection. In applying the selection principle to self amplifying entities like cell populations, viruses or self-replicating molecules under controlled selection pressures there is an absolute need to process large numbers of these entities in parallel. Preferentially this can be done in arrays of different microstructured compartments. The selection process is designed that it leads to products which are optimized in regard of specific applications. Within the scope of this approach chemical products are deterministically synthesized in spatially adressable compartments by multihead microdrop systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01371490
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromechanical elements for detection of molecules and molecular design (1995)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 1 (1995), S. 202-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Photolithographic preparation of thin films and stacks of them were combined with anisotropic silicon etching and free standing film technology in order to realize three dimensional micro components for studies in detection and optimization of biomolecules. A polymer based SFM sensor was developed and tested in the measurement of thin film roughness and in the detection of holes in molecular films as well as in the detection of single DNA molecules. This “novolever” shows surprisingly high mechanical stability and provides high resolution SFM images of sensible molecules. Experimental arrangements of miniaturized chemical parallel processing for combinatorial and evolutionary synthesis strategies including silicon micro compartment arrays with free standing optical membranes and thin film filters have been proposed and the manufacturing of micro compartment arrays is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01371496
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemintegration of microsystems/chip elements in miniaturized automata for high-throughput synthesis and screening in biology, biochemistry and chemistry (1997)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 4 (1997), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Microsystems recently have been introduced as tools for screening in modern chemistry, biochemistry and biology. It has been shown that new microsystems can be implemented in the biomedical laboratory by using the microsystemic approach for the sample carrier – the miniaturized microtiter plate (“the nanotiter plate”) – or the production of nanodroplets with ink jetters and to integrate those systems in macrodevices like xyz tables and detection devices like CCD-cameras. We show in this paper that decisive problems of the approach – the evaporation problem and the problem of chemical/biochemical/biological compatibility of the assays and the used materials can be solved successfully. It is possible to realize chemical synthesis in miniaturized flow systems and to perform isothermal amplification of RNA in silicon wafers. Furthermore real high throughput screening with in vivo systems can be performed and all relevant parameters as evaporation, pipetting and detection can be controlled on reasonable time scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050089
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Novolever: A new cantilever for scanning force microscopy microfabricated from polymeric materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 3702-3706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new force sensor element based on multilayer thin film technology and adapted for optical readout in a conventional scanning force microscope has been developed. The use of polymers as cantilever materials enables the introduction of mechanical properties otherwise not accessible with microfabrication based on Si technology. The fully batched fabricated cantilevered force transducer is based on the photoresist novolak and incorporates an integrated EBD tip. Bending experiments on microstructures indicate that the Young's modulus of novolak is about two orders of magnitude lower than for Si. Therefore, in using a cantilever design similar to that with Si it is possible to fabricate more flexible structures from polymeric materials. The new force sensors have been tested and their performance has been evaluated on different samples. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144495
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micro flow calorimeter for thermoelectrical detection of heat of reaction in small volumes (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 683-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A micro chip element with an integrated flow channel and thin film thermopiles was developed in order to realize a micro calorimeter for small volumes in a flow arrangement. The flow channel consists of two inlets, a mixing region, a measurement region, and one outlet. Thermopiles of BiSb/Sb thermocouples were used as thermal transducers because of their extraordinary high thermopower. A thin film heater of a NiCr alloy was integrated in order to yield the possibility of internal electrical calibration. In addition, this heater can be used for thermal modulation of the whole measurement system. The calorimeter was prepared using vacuum evaporation, PECVD and magnetron sputtering for thin film deposition and photolithography as well as chemical wet etching for microstructuring. The function of the device was tested to neutralize 400 nmole, 100 nmole and 10 nmole NaOH by H2SO4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050491
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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