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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 16 (1967), S. 34-38 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 205-208 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lebercirrhose ; Kollagen ; Immunfluorescenz ; Liver cirrhosis ; Collagen ; Immunofluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Pepsin solubilization of small and large noduled liver cirrhosis yielded two types of collagen (precipitated at 1.7 and 2.5 M NaCl concentrations) as demonstrated by electronmicroscopy. The 1.7 M NaCl precipitate was identified as type III collagen using an immunofluorescence technique. The 2.5 M NaCl precipitate appeared to be type I in the electronmicroscope. However, immunofluorescent and biochemical studies indicated that it was not type I but a type of collagen not yet described.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus klein- und grobknotiger Lebercirrhose durch Pepsinbehandlung gelöstes Kollagen enthält zwei Kollagentypen (1,7 M und 2,5 M NaCl Präcipitat). Immunfluorescenzmikroskopisch konnte Kollagen Typ III, das dem 1,7 M NaCl Präcipitat entspricht, nachgewiesen werden. Das 2,5 M NaCl Präcipitat erscheint elektronenmikroskopisch als Typ I. Dagegen zeigen immunfluorescenzmikroskopische und biochemische Befunde, daß es sich hierbei nicht um Kollagen Typ I handelt, sondern um einen bisher noch nicht beschriebenen Kollagentyp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Knorpel-Knochenumwandlung ; Osteoarthrose ; Chondrocyten ; Kollagensynthese ; Immunfluorescenz ; Cartilage-bone metamorphosis ; Osteoarthrosis ; Chondrocytes ; Collagen-synthesis ; Immunofluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Synthesis of collagen by chondrocytes was studied by immunofluorescence using antibodies specific for type I, II and III collagen. The following tissues and culture conditions were chosen for this immunohistological study: normal articular cartilage, epiphyseal growth cartilage, cartilage undergoing osteoarthrotic degeneration, suspension culture and monolayer culture. While type II collagen is the unique collagen all over hyaline cartilage, type I collagen is produced by hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate. In addition, chondrocytes in osteoarthrotic areas of articular cartilage synthesize type I collagen. Under in vitro culture conditions, chondrocytes initially produce type II collagen and synthesize later on type I collagen. The change of synthesis from type II to type I collagen is more rapid in monolayer than in suspension culture. It is concluded that the presence of matrix compounds and the cellmatrix interaction as well are necessary to maintain synthesis of type II collagen in chondrocytes. Alterations in the cell-matrix interactions are shown to occur in the hypertrophic zone of the epiphyseal growth plate, in cartilage undergoing osteoarthrotic degeneration as well as in chondrocytes grown in culture. Thus, change in the control of gene activity may subsequently lead to change in collagen synthesis. It is possible that the synthesis of type I collagen, which cannot fulfil the physiological function of a structural element in cartilageneous tissue, is a crucial factor in the process of osteoarthrosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Unter Verwendung von spezifischen Antikörpern ist es möglich, mit Hilfe immunhistologischer Methoden die Verteilung der verschiedenen Kollagentypen und auch die Kollagensynthese einzelner Zellen zu verfolgen. Diese Methode wurde angewendet, um die Kollagensynthese von Chondrocyten im normalen Gelenkknorpel, Epiphysenknorpel der Wachstumsplatte, osteoarthrotischen Gelenkknorpel, sowie unter in vitro Kulturbedingungen zu verfolgen. Während im normalen Knorpel nur Typ II Kollagen synthetisiert wird, wurde festgestellt, daß die hypertrophierenden großen Chondrocyten an der Basis des Säulenknorpels auf die Synthese des Typ I Kollagens umschalten. Ähnliches gilt auch für die arthrotischen Zellen des Gelenkknorpels. Hier führt die Degeneration zu einer Umschaltung der Kollagensynthese von Typ II auf Typ I Kollagen. Dieses Phänomen kann auch in vitro nachvollzogen werden. In Suspensionskulturen, in denen Chondrocyten in Aggregaten eine knorpelähnliche Matrix aufzubauen vermögen, vollzieht sich der Umschaltungsprozeß langsamer als in Monolayerkulturen. Diese Beobachtungen zeigen, daß Chondrocyten zur Aufrechterhaltung ihrer Typ II Kollagensynthese eine spezielle Zell-Matrix-Wechselwirkung benötigen. Wird durch eine Veränderung der Knorpelmatrix (z.B. bei dem Degenerationsprozeß der Osteoarthrose) diese Wechselbeziehung gestört, kommt es zu einer Neuorientierung der Kollagensynthese und — in deren Folge — zur Umschaltung auf Typ I Kollagen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 967-977 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Drug treatment ; Chronic glomerulonephritis ; Prospective controlled therapeutic trials ; Medikamentöse Behandlung ; Chronische Glomerulonephritis ; Prospektive kontrollierte Therapiestudien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Pathogenese und Mechanismen der Progression chronischer Glomerulonephritiden (GN) sind bisher nicht geklärt. Dennoch gibt es erfolgversprechende, prospektive, kontrollierte Therapie-Studien sowie neue Therapie-Ansätze. So wurden beispielsweise Patienten mit idiopathischermembranöser GN monatlich mit Chlorambucil (0,2 mg/kg/Tag) oder Prednison (0,6 mg/kg/Tag) im Wechsel über sechs Monate behandelt. Im Vergleich zu den unbehandelten zeigte sich bei den behandelten Patienten innerhalb von drei Jahren ein günstiger Verlauf der Nierenfunktionsparameter. In einer anderen Studie erhielten Patienten mitmembrano-proliferativer GN Typ I über ein Jahr täglich 975 mg Aspirin und 225 mg Dipyridamol. Bei den behandelten trat im Gegensatz zu den nichtbehandelten Patienten eine Stabilisierung der Nierenfunktion und eine Normalisierung der vorher beschleunigten Thrombozyten-Überlebensrate ein. In einer weiteren kontrollierten Therapie-Studie wurde gezeigt, daß die Langzeit-Prognose derdiffus-proliferativen Lupus-Nephritis (Typ IV WHO) besser ist, wenn eine kombinierte Behandlung mit Cyclophosphamid (100 mg/Tag) und Prednison (30 mg/Tag) über mehrere Monate erfolgt als eine alleinige Prednison-Behandlung (40 mg/Tag). Dagegen gibt es bisher bei einigen Formen der chronischen GN, z.B. derIgA-Nephritis, noch keine Evidenz für eine Therapie, die den Verlauf der Nephritis entscheidend beeinflussen kann. Neuere Therapie-Ansätze, wie die Gabe von Cyclophosphamid (über drei Monate) oder von Cyclosporin A beiglomerulärer Minimal-Läsion mit steroid-abhängigem nephrotischen Syndrom, werden in Therapie-Studien überprüft. Einige kontrolliert durchgeführte Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, daß die Progression der chronischen GN durch eine Diät mit geringem Proteingehalt günstig beeinflußt werden kann. Der Einfluß von Eicosanoiden und deren Inhibitoren auf den Verlauf chronischer GN, speziell der glomerulären Sklerosierung, ist bisher noch nicht ausreichend untersucht worden. Insgesamt ist eine Entwicklung zu einer zunehmend differenzierten medikamentösen Behandlung der chronischen GN festzustellen, die generell durch die Bereitschaft zu einem aktiven therapeutischen Vorgehen unterstützt werden sollte.
    Notes: Summary This paper sets out the arguments for drug treatment of chronic glomerulonephritides (GN). Although the pathogenesis and mechanism of progression of chronic GN remained to be clarified, on the basis of controlled studies performed to date, there is a strong case to be made for an aggressive treatment approach to this disease spectrum. For instance, in patients with idiopathicmembranous glomerulonephritis a six months treatment with chlorambucil (0.2 mg/KG/day) or prednisone (0.6 mg/KG/day) each given once a day over a period of three months has recently been shown to improve the outcome of the renal functional parameters after three years follow up. In another controlled trial a daily dose of 225 mg dipyridamole and 975 mg aspirin given over 12 months in patients withmembrano-proliferative GN type I has been reported to normalize the increased platelet consumption rate and to stabilize the glomerular filtration rate. A third trial has demonstrated that the combined use of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/day) and prednisone (30 mg/day) over several months was superior to the use of prednisone alone (40 mg/day) in improving the long-term prognosis ofdiffuse-proliferative lupus nephritis (type IV, WHO). In some entities, however, as in IgA-nephritis there is still no evidence for a specific treatment improving the course of the chronic glomerular disease. Other therapeutic problems have to be solved: thus, in patients withminimal change nephropathy with a steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome the benefit of cyclophosphamide (given over three months) or of cyclosporin A is still being investigated. Furthermore, there is some evidence that progression of chronic GN, particularly that of glomerular sclerosing, can be prevented by a low protein diet. The role of eicosanoides and their inhibitors in this context has not yet been fully investigated. The different drug trials and new therapeutic concepts indicate a rapid development of chronic GN treatment. Therefore, a failure to treat actively is difficult to understand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kollagen ; Immunfluorescenz ; Thrombus ; Blutplättchen ; Collagen ; immunofluorescence ; thrombus ; platelets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Sections of arterial walls and of thrombi and smears of leukocytes previously incubated in vitro with collagen type III were examined by immunohistochemical technique for the presence of collagen types I, II and III. In arterial walls collagen type III was detected immediately underlaying the endothelial cell layer and in the tissue between tunica elastica interna and adventitia. Collagen type I was not shown in the subendothelial layer. Fresh thrombi contained occasionally collagen, but only of type III. This was associated with leukocytes. Leukocytes were capable in vitro to associate and/or phagocytose collagen type III and this could be visualized immunohistochemically. The data show that collagen type III in vivo may play a crucial role in the initiation of thrombus formation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Schnitte von arteriellen Gefäßwänden und von Thromben sowie Ausstriche von Leukocyten, die in vitro mit Kollagen Typ III inkubiert worden waren, wurden mit Hilfe der indirekten Immunfluorescenz auf die Verteilung und Anwesenheit von Kollagen Typ I, II und III untersucht. In Arterienwänden wurde Kollagen Typ III direkt subendothelial gefunden, sowie zwischen Tunica elastica interna und Adventitia. Kollagen Typ I war in der subendothelialen, der Tunica elastica interna direkt aufliegenden Schicht nicht nachweisbar. Frische Thromben enthielten gelegentlich Kollagen, jedoch nur Typ III. Dieses war mit Leukocyten assoziiert. Auch in vitro waren Leukocyten in der Lage, Kollagen Typ III zu assoziieren und/oder phagocytieren. Solches Kollagen war immunohistochemisch nachweisbar. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen Typ III vermutlich eine entscheidende Rolle bei der arteriellen Thrombusbildung spielt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 42 (1964), S. 247-248 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kollagentypen ; Plättchenaggregation ; Collagen types ; platelet aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Collagen types I, II and III from man and calf are distinctly different with respect to their effect on the induction of the aggregation of human platelets. Collagen type III was found to be a particularly potent inducer of platelet aggregation. The pathogenetic implications of these observations are briefly discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Kollagentypen I, II and III von Mensch und Kalb weisen in löslicher und strukturierter Form deutliche Unterschiede in ihrer Wirkung auf die Aggregation menschlicher Thrombocyten auf. Eine besonders stark aggregierende Wirkung wurde für das Typ III Kollagen gefunden. Die pathogenetische Bedeutung dieses Befundes wird kurz diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 889-894 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kollagen ; Blutgefäßersatz ; Collagen ; Arterial heterograft
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The immunohistochemical results showed that the distribution of the collagen types in calf carotis is the same as that found in human arteries. Mechanically prepared and ficin-treated vessels showed a removal of cells, elastic fibres and type III collagen. The remaining collagen meshwork was shown by immunohistochemical methods and also by amino acid analysis to be type I collagen. Because of its structural, chemical and immunological properties, the protease treated, aldehyde stabilised Arteria carotis communis of the calf is suitable as a replacement material for arterial segments. Initial successes using man as a recipient support the stated conclusion.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die immunhistochemischen Ergebnisse zeigen in der Kollagentypenverteilung der Kalbscarotis den humanen arteriellen Gefäßen vergleichbare Befunde. Mechanisch präparierte, im dynamischen Verfahren mit Ficin behandelte Gefäße zeigen eine Elimination von Zellen, elastischen Fasern und Typ III Kollagen. Der zurückbleibende Kollagenstrumpf wurde nicht nur immunhistochemisch, sondern auch durch die Aminosäureanalyse als Typ I Kollagen identifiziert. Aufgrund ihrer strukturellen, chemischen und immunologischen Eigenschaften ist die mit gesteuerter Proteolyse behandelte und anschließend mit Aldehydgruppen stabilisierte Arteria carotis communis des Kalbes als Ersatz für Arteriensegmente geeignet. Erste Erfolge von Einsätzen beim Menschen bestätigen die erhobenen Befunde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cyclosporin A ; 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; Calcium metabolism ; Parathyroid hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Animal studies have shown that cyclosporin A (CyA) stimulates renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3]-1α-hydroxylase activity; in contrast, studies in renal transplant recipients indirectly suggest that CyA reduces 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25 (OH)2D3] production. To clarify the effect of CyA on vitamin D metabolite concentrations, we measured parameters of calcium metabolism in 37 CyA-treated patients (median trough whole blood levels 171–222 ng/ml) with multiple sclerosis and initially normal kidney function. The patients participated in a randomized double-blind study to assess the efficacy of CyA in multiple sclerosis. An age- and sex-matched control group (n = 39) received azathioprine (Aza). Measurements were made at the end of a 2-year treatment period. The 1,25(OH)2D3 serum concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups, although they were numerically lower in CyA-treated patients [median (range), 28.4 pg/ml (7.8–85.9) vs 41.0 pg/ml (9.2–105.1) in Aza-treated patients]. The 25(OH)D3 levels were comparable in both groups. There was no correlation between the 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations. The renal function in both groups was stable in the last 6 months of the study. At the end of the study period, the endogenous creatinine clearance was significantly lower in the CyA-treated group (85 ± 17 ml/min versus 99 ± 22 in the Aza-treated group, P 〈 0.05). The carboxyterminal parathyroid hormone (C-PTH) was within the normal range in both groups, although CyA-treated patients had significantly higher concentrations (P〈0.01). The urinary excretion of mineral ions, cations and protein was similar in both groups. Our data suggest that long-term treatment with CyA does not cause clinically important alterations of vitamin D metabolism in humans. Subtle differences in the concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 and C-PTH between CyA- and Aza-treated patients result presumably from a slight impairment of renal function through CyA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Liver cirrhosis ; Ascites ; Renin-angictensin-aldosterone-system ; Renal functional impairment ; Sodium excretion ; Captopril
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ascites in patients with cirrhosis of the liver frequently is refractory to diuretic treatment. It was postulated that vasoconstriction of the renal cortex, mediated by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS), may be one course of the disturbed sodium- and water-excretion in these patients. We therefore investigated in 14 cirrhotic patients with ascites under constant diuretic treatment the effects of low-dose captopril therapy on urinary sodium- and potassium-excretion, body weight, abdominal girth, serum-sodium,-potassium, creatinine-clearance, plasma-renin-activity (PRA), plasma-aldosterone (PA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). After a control period of 4 days the patients received 2 × 6.25 mg/d captopril for 5 days and 4 × 6.25 mg/d for further 5 days. Treatment was followed by a second control period without captopril. PRA increased significantly after 2 days of captopril treatment. 2 × 6.25 mg/d captopril induced a significant increase in sodium excretion and a significant decrease of body weight. MAP decreased slightly but significantly without clinical signs of hypotension. 4 × 6.25 mg/d captopril resulted in a further reduction of body weight and a further enhancement of sodium excretion. Three days after withdrawal of captopril sodium output was significantly reduced again. Conclusion: In cirrhotic patients low-dose captopril seems to be efficient in the treatment of ascites resistant to diuretics without causing major side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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