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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of theophylline onβ-adrenergic receptor density and cAMP content in bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 323-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: β-adrenergic receptor ; cAMP ; Endothelial cells ; Smooth muscle cells ; Theophylline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Activation of vascularβ-adrenergic receptors prevents an increase in vascular permeability caused by free radicals or inflammatory peptides. Methylxanthines seem to have similar protective effects on vascular endothelium. In the present study we investigated the effect of theophylline on theβ-adrenergic receptor expression and cAMP concentrations in cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells from bovine aorta. Comparable values forβ-receptor density and binding affinity were detected in both cell types. Isoproterenol induced significant downregulation ofβ-receptors in endothelial (BAEC: −60.5%) and smooth muscle cells (BASMC: −52.5%; P 〈 0.01). Incubation of endothelial cells with theophylline (4 µg/ml and 40 µg/ml) for 24 hours did not affectβ-receptor expression, whereas in smooth muscle cells theβ-receptor density was reduced for −31.5% and −28.7, respectively. In endothelial cells a transient effect on cAMP concentrations was observed after stimulation with isoproterenol (1 µM), but no effect was found in theophylline treated endothelial cells. Stimulation of intact smooth muscle cells with isoproterenol and theophylline (4 µg/ml and 40 µg/ml) resulted in a significant increase of cAMP concentrations after 60 and 240 minutes. The present data suggest a novel, celltype specific effect of theophylline on theβ-adrenergic receptor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01796262
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) as a mediator of inflammation in acute asthma, during resolution and during the monitoring of stable asthmatic patients treated with inhaled steroids according to a dose reduction schedule (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 94-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Inflammation mediators — ECP — MPO — Acute asthma — Steroid reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: The main objective was to establish the level of serum ECP in a group of adult asthmatic patients with acute exacerbation and the following resolution and in another group of adult, stable asthmatic patients during reduction of inhaled steroids.¶Subjects and Treatment: Acute group: Twenty-one asthmatic patients admitted to the asthma clinic with acute deterioration of their asthma were set on oral steroids which were reduced to 0 within one week. Reduction group: Forty-four stable asthmatic patients on maintenance inhaled steroids were included and, on the basis of their peak expiratory flow (PEF) values, adjustments in the doses of steroids were made. Control group: Twenty stable asthmatics on a constant dose of inhaled steroids were enrolled as controls.¶Methods: All patients registered daily PEF measurements and spirometry was performed at each visit. Blood samples were drawn and analysed for eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophils and neutrophils.¶Results: ECP was low and within the normal range for all three groups at study entry. (Acute group = 8.4 μg/l, reduction group = 3.7 μg/l and control group = 4.6 μg/l). Nevertheless, the value in the acute group was significantly higher than in the control group (p = 0.005). The levels in the acute group decreased significantly (p = 0.004) after one week on oral steroids. No significant changes in ECP were observed in the reduction group or in the control group during the follow-up period. The lung function was low in the acute group at inclusion, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) = 47.1% of predicted, and increased significantly during the treatment period (p = 0.006). The patients in the reduction- and control group showed small variations in lung function during the whole study, FEV1 〉70% and PEF 〉 80% of predicted, respectively. No correlation between atopy and ECP was found in the patients irrespective of the stage of disease.¶Conclusions: This study suggests that the resolution of acute asthma exacerbations during treatment could be followed using ECP determinations. In stable asthmatics on inhaled steroids and with normal ECP levels, a dose reduction could be indicated. A longer period after tapering off steroids is proposed to confirm the benefit of ECP measurements for controlling asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050425
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substance P induced histamine release from nasal mucosa of subjects with and without allergic rhinitis (2000)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 49 (2000), S. 520-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words:Neuropeptides - Substance P - Allergic rhinitis - Histamine release - Nasal mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Objective and Design: There is evidence that substance P (SP) is involved in events related to allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, some effects of SP seem to be greater in subjects suffering from allergic rhinitis than in non-allergic subjects. To investigate if these effects may be partly mediated by histamine release (HR) we studied the influence of SP on HR from nasal mucosa of subjects with and without allergic rhinitis using an in vitro organ culture system.¶Subjects: Nasal mucosa of the inferior turbinate was obtained from ten patients suffering from allergic rhinitis and eighteen non-allergic subjects receiving surgical therapy for nasal obstruction.¶Methods: Tissue samples of nasal mucosa were stimulated with 10-5 M SP or with 10-5 M Ca-ionophore A23187 for 120 minutes, and the histamine content was determined in the culture supernatant.¶Results: Both SP and Ca-ionophore A23187, caused a significantly higher HR from the samples of the non-allergic group (p〈0.01) compared to baseline controls (spontaneous release). The same effect was seen in the allergic group (p〈0.01 and p=0.036). Comparing the increase in HR from allergic and non-allergic mucosa, in allergics the HR stimulated by SP was significantly higher (p=0.031), whereas Ca-ionophore A23187 did not show this effect.¶Conclusion: These findings suggest a role of SP in inducing release of histamine from human nasal mucosa, thereby influencing physiologic and pathophysiologic nasal conditions, especially in allergic inflammatory processes.¶
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050625
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Venöse Beimischung und Lymphogranulomatose (Morbus Hodgkin) (1969)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 47 (1969), S. 190-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 29 patients with lymphogranulomatosis — the diagnosis was established by histology — blood-gas-studies were carried out during romm-air and oxygen-breathing. Alveolar-arterial O2-difference during room-air and O2-breathing and the venous admixture were calculated. Results: 1. The patients with lymphogranulomatosis without changes at the finger — or toenails — didn't show any difference to the normals of corresponding age. 2. In the patients with lymphogranulomatosis and changes at the nails the AaDO2 was higher as in the corresponding normal group. The AaDO2 in the normals during romm-air-breathing was 21.4 torr (SD ± 4.57), in patients with lymphogranulomatosis and nailchanges 36.5 torr (SD ± 7.3). 3. The venous admixture for patients with nail-changes was calculated with 7.54%, the Vva of the corresponding normal group was 3.53%. This difference is statistically significant. 4. The possible importance of vasoactive substances in the development of finger-clubbing is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 29 Fällen mit histologisch gesicherter Lymphogranulomatose wurden blutgasanalytische Untersuchungen bei Luft- und reiner O2-Atmung durchgeführt. Aus den gewonnenen Daten konnten alveolar-arterielle Sauerstoffdruckdifferenz bei Luft- und Sauerstoffatmung sowie die Zumischung venösen Blutes zum arteriellen Blut berechnet werden. Es fanden sich folgende Ergebnisse: 1. Die Patienten mit Lymphogranulomatose ohne Nagelveränderungen unterschieden sich nicht gegenüber den altersentsprechenden Normalkollektiven. 2. Die Patienten mit Lymphogranulomatose und Nagelveränderungen zeigten eine deutlich höhere AaDO2 als das entsprechende Normalkollektiv. Für letzteres betrug die AaDO2 bei Luftatmung 21,4 Torr (SD ± 4,57), für die Patienten mit Uhrglasnägeln 36,6 Torr (SD ± 7,3). 3. Nach Atmung reinen Sauerstoffs ließ sich für die Patienten mit Uhrglasnägeln eine venöse Beimischung von 7,54% des Herzzeitvolumens, bei den vergleichbaren Normalpatienten nur eine venöse Beimischung von 3,53% des Herzzeitvolumens errechnen. Dieser Unterschied ist statistisch signifikant. 4. Die Rolle vasoaktiver Substanzen bei der Entstehung des klinischen Symptoms „Uhrglasnägel“ wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01725675
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypertrophe pulmonale Osteoarthropathie (HPO) und venöse Beimischung (1971)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 739-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy ; venous admixture ; Bradykinine ; Hypertrophe pulmonale Osteoarthropathie ; venöse Beimischung ; Bradykinin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei insgesamt 34 Patienten mit Uhrglasnägeln und Trommelschlegelfingern wurden Spirometrie sowie blutgasanalytische Untersuchungen bei Luft- und reiner O2-Atmung durchgeführt. Aus den gemessenen Daten wurden die alveolar-arterielle O2-Druckdifferenz mit ihren Teilkomponenten (Beimischungsgradient, Diffusions-Belüftungsgradient) sowie die Zumischung venösen Blutes zum arteriellen Blut berechnet. Gegenüber dem Normalkollektiv werden folgende statistisch signifikante Unterschiede festgestellt: 1. Periphere arterielle Hypoxämie. 2. Die AaDO2 ist bei Luft- und reiner O2-Atmung erhöht. 3. Die Beimischung venösen Blutes zum arteriellen Blut ist erhöht. 4. Der Anteil, um den die AaDO2 bei Luftatmung erhöht ist, wird ausschließlich durch den Beimischungsgradienten bedingt. 5. Spirometrisch besteht eine restriktive Ventilationsstörung mit Atemstimulation. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse wird gefolgert, daß die erhöhte venöse Beimischung Voraussetzung für die Entstehung von Fingerveränderungen im Sinne einer hypertrophen pulmonalen Osteoarthropathie ist. Die Entstehung der HPO wird mit der Wirkung einer vasoaktiven Substanz (Bradykinin) erklärt, die normalerweise in der Lunge inaktiviert wird. Der humorale Entstehungsmechanismus der HPO ist bis heute für die Vielfalt der Erkrankungen, die diese Symptomentrias aufweisen können, der einzige befriedigende Erklärungsversuch.
    Notes: Summary In 34 patients with “Uhrglasnägel” (watch glass nails) and clubbed fingers spirometry and blood gas studies were carried out under room-air and O2-breathing. Alveolar-arterial O2-difference with its components and venous admixture were calculated. In comparison to a group of normal subjects the following statistically significant differences were found: 1. peripheral arterial hypoxemia 2. increased AaDO2 under room-air and O2-breathing 3. increased venous admixture 4. the increased AaDO2 during room-air-breathing is completely explained by venous admixture 5. There is a restriction in total-lung-capacity and breathing-stimulation. It is postulated that the increased venous admixture is necessary for the development of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPO). The results favour the humoral theory. The discussed vasoactive substance probably is Bradykinin. To date this theory is the only sufficient explanation for the development of HPO in various underlying diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01495496
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Bedeutung der venösen Beimischung für die Entstehung von Trommelschlegelfingern und Uhrglasnägeln (1971)
    Springer
    Lung 144 (1971), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei insgesamt 34 Patienten mit Uhrglasnägeln bzw. Trommelschlegelfingern bei unterschiedlichen Grundkrankheiten (extra- und intrapulmonal) wurde die venöse Beimischung bestimmt. Gegenüber dem Normalkollektiv fand sich eine statistisch signifikante Erhöhung (Abb. 1) der AaDO2, der venösen Beimischung und des Beimischungsgradienten der AaDO2 bei Luftatmung. Die Bedeutung dieser blutgasanalytischen Besonderheiten wird diskutiert. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen nervaler und humoraler Entstehung von Trommelschlegelfingern werden besprochen. Die Entstehung wird auf das vasoaktive Polypeptid Bradykinin zurückgeführt. Diese Annahme wird durch einen eindrucksvollen klinischen Fall untermauert.
    Notes: Abstract In 34 patients with “Uhrglasnägel” or clubbed fingers with various underlying disease the venous admixture was determined. In comparison to the normal patients there was a statistically significant increase in AaDO2, venous admixture and the admixing gradient of the AaDO2 during normal breathing. The importance of these blood-gas changes is discussed. The relationship between the nerval and humoral development of clubbed fingers is explicated. The development of clubbed fingers is caused by the vasoactive polypeptide Bradykinin. A clinical case is demonstrated to support this conclusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02088703
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der einfluß von diazepam und chlordiazepoxyd auf die atmung des gesunden und emphysemkranken Menschen (1969)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 1 (1969), S. 139-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An je 10 männlichen Versuchsper sonen wurde der Einfluß von 10 mg Diazepam (Valium®) und 50 mg Chlordiazepoxyd (Librium®) auf die Atmung untersucht. Dabei wurden Atemvolumen and alveolare CO2-Drucke bei Atmung von Zimmerluft und von 3 CO2-Luftgemischen (2.5%, 4% and 5.5% Vol CO2-Gehalt) gemessen und anhand von CO2-Atmungskurven ausgewertet. An weiteren je 10 Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Lungenemphysem and Cor pulmonale wurde der Einfluß derselben Pharmaka anhand des zeitlichen Verhaltens der arteriellen Blutgase (pH, PCO2, PO2 and Standardbicarbonat) unter Berücksichtigung der pharmakologischen Schlafwirkung studiert. — Dabei fanden sich folgende Ergebnisse : 1. Weder bei Luftatmung noch bei CO2-Atmung ließen sich nach Diazepam und Chlordiazepoxyd auffällige Unterschiede in Atemfrequenz, Atemzugvolumen und Atemminutenvolumen bei herz- und lungengesunden Normalpersonen nachweisen. Die alveolaren CO2-Drucke blieben bei Luft- und CO2-Atmung im Mittel unbeeinflußt. — 2. Bei Patienten mit Lungenemphysem und manifester Hyperkapnie kam es nach Diazepam mit Einsetzen der Schlafwirkung zu einem signifikanten mittleren PCO2-Anstieg von 3 Torr, nach Chlordiazepoxyd im Mittel von 2 Torr mit entsprechender pH-Senkung von 13/1000 (Diazepam) und 1/100 (Chlordiazepoxyd). Nach Diazepam klang der hypoventilative Effekt nach 30 bis 45′, nach Chlordiazepoxyd nach 60 bis 75′ wieder ab. —3. Diese Veränderungen entsprechen der physiologisehen Schlafwirkung. Demzufolge 1st eine primäre (pharmakologische) Empfindlichkeitsänderung des Atemzentrums bei den angegebenen Dosierungen unwahrscheinlich. — 4. Die Auswirkungen einer zusätzlichen Relaxation der Atem muskulatur beim Emphysemkranken nach Gabe von Diazepam wird anhand der vorliegenden Literatur besprochen. —Vor der Gabe von Benzodiazepinen bei Patienten mit fortgesehrittenem Emphysem wird die blutgasanalytische Überprüfung der Atemfunktion angeraten und bei Fallen mit manifester Hyperkapnie eine zurückhaltende Dosierung empfohlen.
    Notes: Summary The influence of 10 mg Diazepam (Valium®) and 50 mg Chlordiazepoxyd (Librium®) on the respiration was studied in 10 healthy probands and 10 patients with emphysema of the lung. In the study of healthy persons the specific ventilation and the alveolar CO2 during the breathing of room-air and 3 different CO2-air-gasmixtures (2.5%, 4.0% and 5.5% Vol CO2-content) were measured and CO2-response-curves constructed. The influence of the same drugs was studied in 10 patients with advanced pulmonary emphysema and Cor pulmonale. In these patients the changes of the arterial blood-gases (pH, PCO2, PO2 and Standard bicarbonate) were determined over different periods of time. — Results: 1. After administration of the drugs in healthy persons no difference was seen in respiratory frequency, tidal volume and minute volume while breathing room-air and the different CO2-air-gas-mixtures. The mean of the alveolar PCO2 during room-air-and CO2-breathing were not altered. — 2. In patients with pulmonary emphysema and hypercapnia an increase of the mean PCO2 of 3 torr was seen shortly after the administration of Diazepam when the patients started to sleep. After Chlordiazepoxyd an increase of 2 torr in the mean PCO2 was seen. Corresponding a decrease in pH (13/1000 after Diazepam; 1/100 after Chlordiazepoxyd) was seen. This effect was abolished 30–45′ after the injection of Diazepam and 60–75′ after Chlordiazepoxyd. — 3. These changes equal the respiratory-patterns during sleep. It is the conclusion that there is no pharmacologically induced change in the sensitivity of the respiratory center in the used dosages of these drugs. — 4. The effects of a possible added relaxation of the respiratory muscles in patients with pulmonary emphysema after administration, of Diazepam is discussed. — In patients with pulmonary emphysema blood-gas-studies should be done prior to the administration of Benzodiazepines. They can be tried in patients with obvious hypercapnia cautiously, but especially in the case of Diazepam 10 mg/dosis should not be exceeded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404661
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of Josephson Coupling between CuO double layers in Bi"2CaSr"2Cu"2O"8 single crystals
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 185-189 (1991), S. 2617-2618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-4534(91)91432-4
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of YBa2Cu3O7 step-edge junction characteristics with microstructure (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 1131-1139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Current-voltage characteristics, Josephson radiation spectra, and critical current versus magnetic-field dependences were measured in epitaxial, c-axis YBa2Cu3O7 step-edge Josephson junctions (SEJs) on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates with various step angles α. The results were correlated with microstructural data to determine the origin of the observed weak-link behavior. It was shown that on steps with α(approximately-greater-than)45° the SEJ is a series connection of two weak links unambiguously correlated with the occurrence of two 90° tilt grain boundaries. On steep steps, α≥70°, the boundary at the upper step edge has, on average, the (103) symmetry, while the lower one is predominantly of the basal-plane-faced (010)(001) type. Correspondingly, one link is weaker than the other, with the weaker link originating on the (010)(001) boundary. However, others have shown that analogous grain boundaries in planar (103) and biepitaxial a-axis/c-axis films do not exhibit a strong magnetic-field dependence of critical current, which is characteristic of a weak link. Hence, it is proposed that the weak-link behavior of boundaries on step edges originates from their defect structure. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360347
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nasal challenge studies with bradykinin: influence upon mediator generation (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 21 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies have shown that nasal allergen provocation leads to dose-dependent increases of inflammatory mediators, e.g. histamtne, kinins, LTC4 and PGD2 in nasal lavages. To investigte further the interaction of these mediators, a titration study with intranasal bradykinin (Bk) application (maximal dose 100 nmol/nostril) and consecutive lavage were performed in eight grass-pollen-allergic patients out of season, and five controls. The nasal lavages were analysed for albumin, N-α-tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester (TAME) esterase activity, histamine, 9α,11β-PGF2, and LTC4. The clinical reactions were mesured with a subjective symptom score. A dose-dependent elevation of albumin was found which was significantly higher in patients with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis compared with normal volunteers. TAME-eslerase activity also increased in relation to the dosage of Bk given without significant difference between the various groups. No influence on histamine, LTC4 and 9α,11β-PGF2, release (PGD2 metabolite) was seen. Short-lasting clinical symptoms like irritation, sneezing, and obstruction were noticed after the two highest Bk dosages (10 and 100 nmol). We conclude that intransally applied Bk induces a dose-dependent plasma leakage into the nasal cavity, which is significantly higher in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis out of season compared to normals. Bk does not seem to affect the mast cell since hisiamine, LTC4 and 9αl lβ-PGF2 levels do not alter. The ability to induce relevant symptoms of rhinitis provides strong support for the hypothesis that kinins may be important mediators of inflammatory disorders of the upper airways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01682.x
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