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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cross-over chromosome combiningIg heavy chain genes of two mouse strains (1979)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 9 (1979), S. 455-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two congenic strains of mice were bred in Konstanz that bear theIg heavy chain allotype gene of the C57BL/6 (Ig-1 b ) in a BALB/c background genome. One line (CB-8K) underwent eight backcross generations to BALB/c before sister-brother mating was initiated. For the other line (CB-16KN) backcrossing was continued for eight further generations, then a homozygousIg-1 b /Ig-1 b strain was produced by sister-brother mating. Both lines were tested for four VH markers of the BALB/c and one of the C57BL parent. The CB-16KN strain expressed the C57BL marker VHNPb together with the C57BL allotype marker, and failed to express the three BALB/c markers, VHDEX, VHS117, VHphOx and VHNPa. It thus resembled the CB-20 strain. Strain CB-8K expressed the VHNPb marker of C57BL but also all the four BALB/c markers that were tested. The strain appeared more heterogeneous than the CB-16KN strain, and a subline was bred from two exceptional mice that did not express the VHNPb marker. This subline (CB-8KN) expressed the BALB/c marker VHNPa regularly, and was negative for the VHNPb marker. It thus resembles the BAB-14 line. The crossing over event thus must have happened in one of the two meioses, which led to the CB-8K line. As BAB-14 is derived in an analogous manner to a branch of the backcross of Potter and Lieberman, which ended up in CB-20, the unexpected finding is discussed that two independent crossing over events (in CB-8KN and BAB 14) within theIg heavy chain gene region have taken place at approximately the same stage of two breeding programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570438
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the nature of the exchanges in the reactions pp -〉 baryon + baryon + pion at 19 GeV/c by analysis of differential cross sections
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section B 32 (1971), S. 119-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0550-3213
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0550-3213(71)90060-5
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient secretion of murine Fab fragments by Escherichia coli is determined by the first constant domain of the heavy chain
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 128 (1993), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: 2-phenyloxazolone ; Periplasmic space ; assembly and expression ; recombinant antibody ; stability
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-1119(93)90564-J
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liver Damage in Mice and Rats Causes Tenfold Increase of Blood Immunoglobulin A (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 7 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Average serum concentrations of IgA and IgM of the SDK rats were 0.27 and 0.43 mg/ml, respectively. Subtotal hepatectomy had no detectable effect on the concentration of IgM but IgA increased in 4 days to a level of 4.9 rag/ml. Thereafter the concentration fell back to normal in 21 days. Serum concentrations of IgA, IgM and IgG2a in (C57BL × CBA)F1 mice were 0.41, 0.35 and 1.67 mg/ml, respectively. Neither hepatectomy nor carbon tetrachloride poisoning had an effect on the concentrations of IgM or IgG2a but IgA increased to 3.0 mg/ml (hepatectomy) or 3.6 mg/ml (carbon tetrachloride poisoning). Again the increase was reversible. IgA of normal rat serum was mostly monomeric (7S) and of normal mouse serum a mixture 7S and 9S (dimeric) IgA. After liver damage of either type the majority of the serum IgA had a sedimentation constant higher than 7S. It thus resembled the IgA that is brought to the circulation by the thoracic duct of rats and mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb00487.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic Hypermutations in the Immunoglobulin Genes of Two New Human Lymphoma Lines of Lymphatic Follicle Origin (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 39 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Variable immunoglobulin heavy-chain regions (VDJ) of two newly established human lymphoma cell lines (HF-1 and HF-4) were sequenced. The most homologous germline VH gene found for both the HF-1 and HF-4 sequences was VH26 of the VH3a (V gene) family (82% and 91 % homologies, respectively). The JH region of the HF-4 heavy-chain sequence contained two nucleotide differences compared to the published germline JH3 gene. The DHJH region of the HF-1 gene had a record high number (20%) of somatic mutations.The numerous hypermutations found in the HF-1 cell line support the hypothesis that in some human follicular lymphomas, mutations continue to accumulate in immunoglobulin genes during the malignant growth. Follicular lymphoma cell lines, which have an active mutational machinery, in future may help to solve the molecular events behind the somatic hypermutations modifying immunoglobulin genes of B lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03374.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Somatic Hypermutation Activity of a Follicular Lymphoma Links to Large Insertions and Deletions of Immunoglobulin Genes (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 42 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A biopsy specimen from a patient with follicular lymphoma was divided into two fragments. DNA was extracted from one fragment and a 1.2 kb region of the functional heavy chain (IgH) gene was amplified, cloned and sequenced (eight clones). From the other fragment a cell line (HF-1) was started. The IgH gene region was amplified from the cell line, and sequenced without cloning. The nine sequences obtained could be arranged into a genealogical tree where the individual sequences differed from the deduced ancestor by 16–29 single nucleotide changes, some also by an insertion and/or a deletion. It is apparent that the sequence alterations were caused by somatic mutations during the growth of the lymphoma.The comparison of the sequences with two published (allelic) germline sequences of the human JH region showed ∼20% non-homology. The differences included five additional multinucleotide insertion/deletion changes, the longest of them a 101-nucleotide insertion. Two long insertions were homologous to the adjacent germline sequences. We propose that most of the changes observed, including long deletions and insertions, represent or are linked to somatic hypermutation events of the Ig gene type. Although in a few cases large deletions and insertions (〉2 bp) have been found in mutated immunoglobulin genes, our results, for the first time, firmly link these deletions/insertions to somatic hypermutations; their frequency was found to be 2.2% of the observed mutational events in the non-translated gene regions. HF-1 is the first follicular lymphoma line successfully established from a lymphoma known to have hypermutated its Ig genes during the malignant growth. It is a candidate cell line to be studied for its ability to generate mutations of B cell type in cell cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03625.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implanted Solid Human Tumours Grow Under the Renal Capsule of Cyclosporin-Immunosuppressed Rats (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 39 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cyclosporin (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressive drug widely used in organ transplantation. We transplanted fresh surgical samples from human solid malignant tumours into 45 CsA-immunosuppressed rats. Eight out of nine tumour types grew and remained viable for 5 weeks or more in at least two of the transplanted rats. In 29 rats (64%) a distinct growth of primary human tumours was recorded.Five malignancies (intestinal-type gastric carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the lung, lymph node metastasis of a testicular teratocarcinoma, soft tissue malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), and small-cell sarcoma) showed invasive and progressive growth. In all five cases the largest tumours were 0.9 cm or over in diameter when the rats were killed 5–9 weeks after transplantation. In three cases (adenocarcinoma of the colon, hypernephroma, and a second MFH) the growth of the implants under the kidney capsule was slow, but small living tumour transplants were still found 3–6 weeks later. In every case the microscopic morphology of the xenograft tumour was identical with the original tumour. In two cases the primary xenografts (teratocarcinoma and small-cell sarcoma) were retransplanted into 11 CsA-immunosuppressed rats. In both types the second passage tumours grew, and the take-off and growth rates were comparable to the primary xenografts.Cyclosporin-treated laboratory rats are an alternative to immunodeficient nude and SCID mice for growing fresh human tumour transplants in vivo. Although a few infections were encountered, most of the rats survived the CsA treatment well for up to 2 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03422.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and Nucleotide Biases of the Somatic Hypermutations in the Functional Kappa Light Chain Gene of a Human Follicular Lymphoma Line (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The immunoglobulin kappa chain gene of human lymphoma cell line HF-1.3.4 was partially sequenced from the 3′ end of the leader exon 2.0 kb downstream. The sequenced stretch of DNA included 1.5 kb of the non-coding JK region 3′ to the JK2 element of the mature gene. Among the known VK germline genes the closest relative was KV328, which was 91% homologous to HF-1.3.4. In the 1.5 kb JK region homology with JK allele of Whitehurst et al. (allele 2) was 89%, with the allele of Hieter et al. (allele 1) 87%. The vast majority of the differences located in the leader intron, the VJ exon or 0.6 kb 3′ to the exon, a localization characteristic of somatic hypermutations of immunoglobulin genes. Another indication that most of the differences observed were due to somatic hypermutations is that the 153 bp stretch of the kappa constant gene (CK) sequenced from the mRNA was 100% homologous with the published CK sequence. The most differences between the JK region sequence and that of Whitehurst et al. probably represent somatic mutations: 43% were transversions, 55% transitions and 2% deletions. In the non-coding JK region transversions of C.G to G.C rather than to A.T were heavily over-represented. This is possibly a feature of B-cell hypermutations in humans and mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-27.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Monte Carlo method for generating peripheral events
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Computational Physics 4 (1969), S. 521-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9991
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Computer Science , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(69)90017-5
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgA in Blood and Thoracic Duct Lymph: Concentration and Degree of Polymerization (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 7 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lymph fluid and serum samples from four mammalian species were studied for the concentration and degree of polymerization of IgA. The results suggest that in the mouse, in the rat and in the dog circulating IgA represents only a small fraction of all IgA entering the blood stream from the lymph vessels. A majority of the input IgA of Oligomeric type (13S, 11S and 9S) in these species is cleared rapidly. Monomeric IgA. and in the mouse and the dog the dimeric (9S) variety, dwell much longer in the blood, and because of this they form the majority of the circulating IgA. Blood concentration of IgA is high in man, a species whose blood seems to receive mostly monomeric IgA. it is much lower in the rat. mouse and dog, and in those species most of IgA entering the blood is probably oligomeric.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb00448.x
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