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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerve growth factor and substance P are useful plasma markers of disease activity in atopic dermatitis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 147 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background Neurogenic components, such as neurotrophic factors and neuropeptides, are probably involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) via the neuroimmunocutaneous system. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that nerve growth factor (NGF), the best-characterized member of the neurotrophin family, modulates the synthesis of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), both of which may be associated with the pathogenesis of human allergic diseases. Objectives To evaluate the levels of NGF and SP in the plasma of patients with AD and to examine their possible correlation with disease activity. Methods We measured plasma levels of NGF by an immunoenzymatic assay and of SP by aradioimmunoassay in 52 patients with AD, and compared them with 35 normal non-atopic controls. The severity of the disease in AD patients was evaluated using validated clinical scoring systems. Results Patients with AD had significant increases in plasma levels of NGF and SP compared with controls (P 〈 0·0005 and P 〈 0·0001, respectively). A positive correlation between the plasma levels of NGF and SP was found in AD patients (correlation coefficient, Cc = 0·920, P 〈 0·0001). There was a significant correlation of plasma NGF and SP levels with disease activity evaluated using three different scoring systems: the grading system of Rajka and Langeland (P 〈 0·001 and P 〈 0·01, respectively), the objective Severity Scoring of AD (Cc = 0·656, P 〈 0·005 and Cc = 0·752, P 〈 0·0005, respectively) and the Eczema Area and Severity Index (Cc = 0·740, P 〈 0·001 and Cc = 0·765, P 〈 0·005, respectively). Conclusions These data represent the first reported evidence of increased plasma levels of NGF and SP in an allergic human skin disease. They suggest that these neurogenic factors systemically modulate the allergic response in AD, probably through interactions with cells of the immune-inflammatory component. In addition, NGF and SP may be useful markers of disease activity in patients with AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04803.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of neuropeptide-degrading enzymes in alopecia areata: an immunohistochemical study (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Much clinical evidence suggests that the nervous system, including psychological factors, can influence the course of alopecia areata (AA). However, there has been little substantial evidence of specific participation of cutaneous neurogenic factors in the disease process. Objectives  As previous studies have demonstrated that stress elicits the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) from peripheral nerves and that some patients with AA show prominent SP expression in nerves surrounding their hair follicles, we aimed to evaluate the role of SP in AA. Methods  We used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of SP and SP-degrading enzymes in scalp biopsies from patients with AA and from healthy controls. Results  Affected hair follicles in the centre of the areas of hair loss of patients with AA were richly innervated by SP-staining nerve fibres. Strong expression of the SP-degrading enzyme, neutral endopeptidase (NEP), was observed in hair follicles not only in the acute progressive phase of AA but also in the chronic stable phase. Expression of NEP in hair follicles from the margins of areas of hair loss was stronger than in normal controls, but was weaker than in the centre of the areas of hair loss. In addition, endothelial immunoreactivity for angiotensin-converting enzyme (also capable of degrading SP) was not observed in the centre of the areas of hair loss, which was in significant contrast to normal controls as well as to the margins of areas of hair loss where it was expressed. Further, intense expression of endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 on vessels and many degranulating mast cells was observed adjacent to affected hair follicles in AA, in admixture with dense lymphocytic inflammation. Conclusions  These findings suggest that SP is endogenously released by dermal nerve fibres around hair follicles and that it may play an important part in epithelial–mesenchymal–neuroectodermal interactions in AA. This study reveals that SP and its degrading enzymes are involved in the pathogenesis of AA, which in turn might explain the pathological significance of neurogenic and psychogenic aspects in the disease process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.03951.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sebaceous glands in acne patients express high levels of neutral endopeptidase (2002)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 11 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Acne is a complex, chronic and common skin disorder of pilosebaceous units. Although it is known that exacerbation of acne results from emotional stress, the nature of the association between stress and acne remains unclear. This is due in part to the lack of substantial evidence regarding the participation of cutaneous neurogenic factors in the pathogenesis of acne. To examine the possible involvement of neurogenic factors in the etiology of acne, we used immunohistochemistry to compare the distribution of SP-containing nerve fibers around sebaceous glands and the expression of neutral endopeptidase in sebaceous acini of the facial skin of acne patients and of healthy subjects. More numerous substance P immunoreactive nerve fibers in close apposition to the sebaceous glands and an increase in expression of neutral endopeptidase in sebaceous acini were observed in acne patients compared with the controls. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the subcellular localization of neutral endopeptidase was restricted to the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum within sebaceous germinative cells. In addition, in vitro experiments using an organ culture system demonstrated that substance P induced expression of neutral endopeptidase in sebaceous glands in a dose dependent manner. This study reveals that substance P and its degrading enzymes are involved in the pathogenesis of acne, which in turn might partially explain the pathologic significance of neurogenic and psychogenic aspects in the disease process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2002.110307.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alopecia mice derived from albino ddY mice: breeding, histological and ultrastructural studies (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 9 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Sparse-haired (SH) mice arose spontaneously in a stock of sib-mated albino ddY mice. Hair loss in the skin of SH mice begins at 3 weeks of age and progresses with age. On the basis of breeding studies between SH mice and albino ddY mice, the phenotype of SH mice is identified as autosomal recessive inheritance. Histological examination shows that numerous pilary canals begin to widen and the outer root sheath becomes thin at 1 week of age. The inner root sheath and the hair were separated. Ultrastructural examination reveals that electron dense materials which formed coalesced and irregularly coiled chains are seen at the level of firm attachment of the hair to its inner root sheath. At the level of hair and inner root sheath separation, linear materials with high electron density are observed in the exocuticle of the hair cuticle. These results suggest that the appearance of electron dense materials is closely related to the mechanism of hair loss in SH mice and SH mice may be useful as an animal model in human hypotrichosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009002125.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of pigmented purpuric dermatitis with special reference to fibrous long-spacing collagen (2000)
    Springer
    Medical electron microscopy 33 (2000), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Pigmented purpuric dermatitis ; Endothelial cell ; Fibrous long-spacing collagen ; Intracellular structure ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of pigmented purpuric dermatitis (PPD) in a Japanese man aged 59 years is reported with an interesting ultrastructural finding. Clinically, the lesions, which consisted of telangiectatic puncta and pigmentation, were irregular in shape and occurred predominantly on the lower legs without pruritus. Histologically, lymphocytic perivascular infiltrates and extravasation of red blood cells were observed in the papillary dermis. Ultrastructurally, endothelial cells with ovoid nuclei showed swelling and the lumen of the capillary became narrowed. Several banded structures, so-called fibrous long-spacing collagen (FLSC), were observed in the cytoplasm. They were spindle shaped, about 5 μm in length, and showed crossbands of 300-nm-wide intervals with fine intraperiodic bands. These structures were not observed in dermal connective tissue and fibroblasts. These results suggested that FLSC was synthesized in endothelial cells rather than being phagocytosed by endothelial cells, which might be helpful in investigating the etiology of PPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007950000006
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