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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complement Activation by Bacterial Surface Glycolipids: A Study with Planar Bilayer Membranes (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 167 (1999), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Complement — Lipopolysaccharide — Glycosphingolipid — Planar lipid bilayer — Outer membrane — Gram-negative bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Planar asymmetric glycolipid/phospholipid bilayer membranes were used as a reconstitution model of the lipid matrix of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria to study complement (C) activation by various bacterial surface glycolipids with the aim of defining the C activation pathway. As glycolipids the lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella enterica serovar Minnesota R mutant strains R595 (Re LPS) and R4 (Rd2 LPS), pentaacyl lipid A from the LPS of the Escherichia coli Re mutant F515, and glycosphingolipid GSL-1 of Sphingomonas paucimobilis IAM 12576 were used. Methylester and carboxyl-reduced derivatives of GSL-1 were used to elucidate the role of the carboxyl group as common functional group of LPS and GSL-1 for C activation. The formation of lytic pores was monitored via the measurement of changes in membrane current. For all glycolipids we observed a considerable increase in membrane current soon after addition of whole human serum due to the formation of lytic pores in the membranes. Pore formation was dependent on the presence of C9, indicating that the observed current changes were due to C activation. We found that in our reconstitution system of the outer membrane lipid A, Re LPS, and Rd2 LPS activated the classical pathway, the activation being independent of specific anti-LPS antibodies. In contrast, GSL-1 and the methylester derivative of GSL-1 activated the alternative pathway even at the low serum concentrations used in this study (about 0.2% v/v). Interestingly, the carboxyl reduced GSL-1 activated the classical pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900486
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Mechanisms of Polymyxin B-Membrane Interactions: Direct Correlation Between Surface Charge Density and Self-Promoted Transport (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 162 (1998), S. 127-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Polymyxin B — Planar lipid bilayer — Outer membrane — Membrane lesions — Surface charge — Resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. We have studied the interaction of the polycationic peptide antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB) with asymmetric planar bilayer membranes via electrical measurements. The bilayers were of different compositions, including those of the lipid matrices of the outer membranes of various species of Gram-negative bacteria. One leaflet, representing the bacterial inner leaflet, consisted of a phospholipid mixture (PL; phosphatidylethanolamine, -glycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol in a molar ratio of 81:17:2). The other (outer) leaflet consisted either of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from deep rough mutants of PMB-sensitive (Escherichia coli F515) or -resistant strains (Proteus mirabilis R45), glycosphingolipid (GSL-1) from Sphingomonas paucimobilis IAM 12576, or phospholipids (phosphatidylglycerol, diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine). In all membrane systems, the addition of PMB to the outer leaflet led to the induction of current fluctuations due to transient membrane lesions. The minimal PMB concentration required for the induction of the lesions and their size correlated with the charge of the lipid molecules. In the membrane system resembling the lipid matrix of a PMB-sensitive strain (F515 LPS/PL), the diameters of the lesions were large enough (d= 2.4 nm ± 8%) to allow PMB molecules to permeate (self-promoted transport), but in all other systems they were too small. A comparison of these phenomena with membrane effects induced by detergents (dodecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodiumdodecylsulfate) revealed a detergent-like mechanism of the PMB-membrane interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900350
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral analysis on fluctuation of heat period in paralyzed, vagotomized, and unanesthetized decerebrate cats (1990)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 63 (1990), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spectral analysis was performed on the heart period fluctuation in vagotomized, paralyzed, and unanesthetized decerebrate cats. The heart period was measured as the time interval between successive R waves of the electrocardiograms. When end-tidal P CO 2 was set at the same level as that before immobilization, the power spectral density plot of the heart period fluctuation showed several distinct peaks: one peak corresponded to the frequency of the artificial ventilator and the others to its harmonics. In addition, the spectral density plot had another peak centered at the intrinsic respiratory frequency evaluated by recording efferent phrenic neural discharges. The amplitude of these spectral peaks tended to become greater when the end-tidal P CO 2was increased by adding CO2 to the input gas. Our results, therefore, provide evidence that the heart period is modulated not only by the artificial ventilation rhythm but also by the centrally generated respiratory rhythm, and suggested that the strength of such central interactions between cardiac and respiratory rhythms varies depending on the end-tidal P CO 2 level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203448
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of entrainment of respiratory rhythm by somatic afferent stimulation in cats using phase response curves (1988)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 58 (1988), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate how peripheral somatic afferents synchronize the respiratory rhythm to the exercise rhythm, the phrenic nerve activity in the vagotomized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated cats anesthetized with chloralose-urethane was recorded during electrical stimulation of the superficial radial nerve afferents. At first, a single pulse train was given at various times of the respiratory cycle to obtain a phase-response curve (PRC). The stimulation given at mid to late expiration produced a phase advance, but the stimulation during inspiration produced no measurable phase shifts in most animals (8/10). The maximum phase advance changed depending on the stimulus intensity. The stronger the stimulus intensity, the greater became the maximum phase advance. Repetitive somatic afferent stimulation produced 1:1 entrainment of the respiratory frequency to the repetitive stimulation. Theoretical predictions on the stable entrainment phase and on the entrainment frequency range from the obtained PRC were close to the experimental results. The present study demonstrated the presence of a neuronal circuit synchronizing the respiratory rhythm to the periodic somatic afferents and the manner of how such entrainment occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364129
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral analysis on low frequency fluctuation in respiratory rhythm in the decerebrate cat (1989)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 61 (1989), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spectral analysis was performed on the fluctuation in respiratory intervals in vagotomized, paralyzed, and unanesthetized decerebrate cats. The respiratory interval was measured as the time interval between the onset of phrenic neural activity. When endtidal PCo 2 was set at the same level as that before immobilization, the power spectral densities of the fluctuation in respiratory intervals were found to be inversely proportional to the frequency in the low frequency range of 0.001–0.1 Hz. All the tested animals showed this type of fluctuation (1/f fluctuation). In contrast, such characteristic 1/f fluctuation disappeared when the end-tidal PCo 2 was raised to 50 or 60 mmHg. The spectral profile was almost flat in the frequency range of 0.001–0.1 Hz, i.e. similar to that of “white noise”. This study demonstrated that the respiratory rhythm evaluated by phrenic neural discharges exhibited 1/f fluctuation and that the spectral characteristic of the fluctuation in respiratory intervals varied depending on the end-tidal PCo 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203173
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The favourable effect of cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in the treatment of massive pulmonary haemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Pulmonary haemorrhage ; Cyclophosphamide pulse therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pulmonary haemorrhage (PH) is a rare but very serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the treatment is still controversial. Some authors showed the effectiveness of methylprednisolone pulse therapy for PH, although its effect was often transient. A 12-year-old Japanese girl with lupus nephritis and recurrent massive PH in SLE was treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy. The effect on PH was transient and she needed three cycles within a month and side-effects developed. Pulse therapy with cyclophosphamide, synchronized with plasmaphaeresis, was tried. Thereafter she did not experience PH for 7 months, whereas lupus nephritis did not improve. Pulse cyclophosphamide would be effective for life threatening massive PH in SLE patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01958977
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The favourable effect of cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in the treatment of massive pulmonary haemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words: Systemic lupus erythematosus – Pulmonary haemorrhage – Cyclophosphamide pulse therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Pulmonary haemorrhage (PH) is a rare but very serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the treatment is still controversial. Some authors showed the effectiveness of methylprednisolone pulse therapy for PH, although its effect was often transient. A 12-year-old Japanese girl with lupus nephritis and recurrent massive PH in SLE was treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy. The effect on PH was transient and she needed three cycles within a month and side-effects developed. Pulse therapy with cyclophosphamide, synchronized with plasmaphaeresis, was tried. Thereafter she did not experience PH for 7 months, whereas lupus nephritis did not improve. Pulse cyclophosphamide would be effective for life threatening massive PH in SLE patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01958977
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacology of a new β-adrenoceptor blocking drug, befunolol (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: befunolol ; propranolol ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamic effects ; beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Repeated doses of a new β-adrenoceptor blocking agent, befunolol, were administered orally to adult male volunteers for a cross-over comparison with propranolol. The β-adrenoceptor blocking activity of befunolol was greater than that of propranolol when assessed by the percentage reduction in exercise-induced tachycardia. The elimination half-life of drug was significantly prolonged on repeated administration of propranolol, but not of befunolol. The percentage reduction in exercise-induced tachycardia was highly correlated with the log plasma level of each drug. Both drugs produced a significant reduction in pre-exercise systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and significant attenuation of exercise-induced rise in systolic blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547552
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age differences in effects on blood pressure, flicker fusion frequency, salivation and pharmacokinetics of single oral doses of dothiepin and amitriptyline (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 811-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: age difference ; antidepressants ; blood pressure ; flicker fusion frequency ; salivation ; pharmacokinetics ; dothiepin ; pharmacodynamics ; amitriptyline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood pressure, critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF), salivary flow rate and pharmacokinetics were compared in 7 young healthy volunteers (average age: 22.7 years) and in 7 elderly healthy volunteers (average age: 70.6 years) after single oral doses of the antidepressants dothiepin (DP) 25 mg and amitriptyline (AMP) 25 mg. Systolic blood pressure fell further and the reduction lasted longer in the elderly than in the young after both drugs. The decrease in CFF after AMP 25 mg, and the reduction in salivary flow rate after either DP 25 mg or AMP 25 mg were larger in the elderly than in the young. Plasma levels, T1/2 and Cl of both drugs in the elderly were also higher, longer and smaller, respectively, in the elderly. Clearance was found to be reduced in the elderly. More cautions dosage regimens of these drug should be considered for elderly patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542525
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of cucumber ascorbate oxidase and its reaction with hexacyanoferrate (II)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 241 (1985), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(85)90374-1
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