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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 23 (1982), S. 104-107 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Platelet function ; diabetic microangiopathy ; aspirin effect on aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of aspirin in vitro and in vivo on platelet aggregation has been studied in 13 diabetic subjects without retinopathy, 16 diabetic subjects with retinopathy and 20 ageand sex-matched control subjects. The rate, degree and duration of collagen-induced aggregation were greater in the diabetic patients (p 〈 0.05;p 〈 0.01;p 〈 0.05). The residual aggregation in vivo was greater in all diabetic patients with aspirin, whilst it only occurred in vitro in patients without retinopathy. A decreased latent period was seen in diabetic patients, to a greater extent in those with retinopathy. Significant differences in the rate, degree and duration of arachidonic acid-induced-aggregation were also seen in patients with retinopathy treated with aspirin (p 〈 0.05;p 〈 0.01;p 〈 0.05). Disaggregation only occurred with aspirin in vitro and was more frequently seen in normal subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied intelligence 2 (1992), S. 127-153 
    ISSN: 1573-7497
    Keywords: Adaptive controller ; correlation ; cartesian controller ; optical flow ; telerobotics ; visual servoing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses the problem of integrating the human operator with autonomous robotic visual tracking and servoing modules. A CCD camera is mounted on the end-effector of a robot and the task is to servo around a static or moving rigid target. In manual control mode, the human operator, with the help of a joystick and a monitor, commands robot motions in order to compensate for tracking errors. In shared control mode, the human operator and the autonomous visual tracking modules command motion along orthogonal sets of degrees of freedom. In autonomous control mode, the autonomous visual tracking modules are in full control of the servoing functions. Finally, in traded control mode, the control can be transferred from the autonomous visual modules to the human operator and vice versa. This paper presents an experimental setup where all these different schemes have been tested. Experimental results of all modes of operation are presented and the related issues are discussed. In certain degrees of freedom (DOF) the autonomous modules perform better than the human operator. On the other hand, the human operator can compensate fast for failures in tracking while the autonomous modules fail. Their failure is due to difficulties in encoding an efficient contingency plan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Growth pattern ; Multipurpose ; Successional trees ; Western Himalaya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In the mid-western Himalaya (altitude 1350 m, rainfall 1100 mm), multipurpose trees found as escapees in agricultural fields or naturally growing in the forests, play an important role in providing fuel, fooder and small timber to the farmers. Shoot elogation, and tree architecture of 4 year old trees of Grewia optiva, Robinia pseudoacacia and Celtis australis (early successionals), and Quercus leucotrichophora, Q. glauca and Ilex odorata (late successionals), were analyzed. All the late successional species showed a proleptic type of bud and branch production, while the early successional trees made growth through syllepsis. The shoot elongation differed significantly (P 〈0.05) with the crown position, and ranged from 11 to 30 cm in different species. Early successional species tended to maintain a comparatively narrow crown and showed a significantly (P 〈0.05) higher ramification ratio, and multilayered canopy. The late successionals, in contrast, showed a wide crown with monolayered canopy, adapted to the weak light intensity. There was only one flush of leaves in Q. leucotrichophora and Q. glauca while in the rest of the species there were two distinct flush periods. The results are important for the management of agroforestry trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 19 (1992), S. 109-118 
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: western Himalaya ; fodder trees ; leaf production ; leaf fall ; protein content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Leaf production, leaf fall, leaf protein and net primary productivity have been reported for 4-year-old fodder trees in the mid-western Himalaya (altitude 1350 m; rainfall 1100 mm). The species include; Grewia optiva, Robinia pseudoacacia and Celtis australis growing in the open and Quercus glauca, Q. leucotrichophora and Ilex odorata growing in the forest. G. optiva, R. pseudoacacia and C. australis showed two distinct periods of leaf flush, and their leaves were short-lived (180 to 360 days) compared with the remaining three species which retained their leaves for more than two years, and had only one flush period during March–April. The open site species showed much higher leaf production, and the leaves contained a significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher protein content, compared with the forest group. Net primary productivity of G. optiva, C. australis and R. pseudoacacia was significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher than the forest species, which may be related to their high leaf production and rapid turnover rate of the leaves. The results are useful for management of these species in agroforestry systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of engineering mathematics 15 (1981), S. 185-200 
    ISSN: 1573-2703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Summary Variational principles for elliptic boundary-value problems as well as linear initial-value problems have been derived by various investigators. For initial-value problems Tonti and Reddy have used a convolution type of bilinear form of the functional for the time-like coordinate. This introduces a certain amount of directionality thereby reflecting the initial-value nature of the problem. In the present investigation the methods of Tonti and Reddy are used to derive the appropriate variational formulation for the transonic flow problem. A number of linear and non-linear examples have been investigated. As a test for the existence of directionality, finite-differences are used to discretize the variational integral. For initial-value problems of wave equation and diffusion equation type, fully implicit finite-difference approximations are recovered. The small-disturbance transonic equation leads to the Murman and Cole differencing theory; when applied to the full potential-flow equations, the rotated difference scheme due to Jameson is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of engineering mathematics 13 (1979), S. 127-141 
    ISSN: 1573-2703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Summary For Courant numbers larger than one and cell Reynolds numbers larger than two, oscillations and in some cases instabilities are typically found with implicit numerical solutions of the fluid dynamics equations. This behavior has sometimes been associated with the loss of diagonal dominance of the coefficient matrix. It is shown here that these problems can in fact be related to the choice of the spatial differences, with the resulting instability related to aliasing or non-linear interaction. Appropriate “filtering” can reduce the intensity of these oscillations and in some cases possibly eliminate the instability. These filtering procedures are equivalent to a weighted average of conservation and non-conservation differencing. The entire spectrum of filtered equations retains a three-point character as well as second-order spatial accuracy. Burgers equation has been considered as a model. Several filters are examined in detail, and smooth solutions have been obtained for extremely large cell Reynolds numbers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 1087-1098 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: RNS ; Separation ; Direct solver ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The reduced Navier-Stokes and thin layer approximations to the Navier-Stokes equations are used to obtain solutions for viscous subsonic three-dimensional flows. A spatial marching method is combined with a direct sparse matrix solver to obtain successive solutions in a global relaxation process. Results have been obtained for flow fields with and without regions of flow reversal.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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