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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Yield and quality reductions caused by Fusarium head blight (FHB) have spurred spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders to identify and develop new sources of host plant resistance. Four wheat synthetic hexaploids (×Aegilotriticum sp.) were developed, each having a quantitative trait locus (QTL), Qfhs.ndsu-3AS, providing FHB resistance from Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides chromosome 3A. Synthetics were produced by hybridizing a ‘Langdon’-T. dicoccoides- recombinant chromosome 3A substitution line (2n = 4x = 28, AABB with two accessions of T. tauschii (2n= 2x = 14, DD). Synthetics were inoculated and evaluated for FHB resistance in two separate greenhouse seasons. One synthetic, 01NDSWG-5, exhibited FHB severity ratings of 36% and 32% in the separate seasons, compared with ratings of 9% and 30% for ‘Alsen’, a FHB-resistant spring cultivar, and ratings of 70% and 96% for ‘McNeal’, a susceptible spring cultivar, respectively. Synthetic × Alsen backcross-derived lines were produced to initiate combining different sources of FHB resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Crop science 39 (1999), S. 1044-1048 
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: scs ) genes on chromosome 1A (1Ascs) derived from Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. And chromosome 1D (1Dscs) derived from common wheat improve compatibility between the durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum) nucleus and Aegilops longissima S. & M. (lo) cytoplasm. The (lo) scs durum lines thus produced are male sterile and when crossed with durum produce viable plump seeds carrying scs and inviable shriveled seeds without scs . Objectives of the present study were to determine centromere-scs linkage distances and viability and transmission of female gamete carrying one or both scs genes. The (lo) scs durum heterozygous for 1A/1Ascs was crossed with the Langdon (LDN) durum disomic substitution line 1Dscs(1A) in which the 1A chromosome pair is substituted by a 1Dscs pair. Two types of 1A + 1D double monosomic F1s were recovered, (lo) durum 13″ + 1′1A + 1′1Dscs, which were confirmed in progeny tests with normal durum. For centromere mapping, these lines were crossed with LDN double ditelosomic 1A (LDN dDt 1A; 2n = 30; 13″ + t″1AS + t″1AL) and progeny examined for meiotic chromosome constitution. No telocentric t1ALscs arising from recombination with 1Ascs was detected, indicating that scs is tightly linked to the centromere on chromosome 1A. To determine the transmission of female gametes carrying one or both scs genes, (lo) durum 13″ + 1′1Ascs + 1′1Dscs was crossed with LDN dDt 1A and control durum. The functional female gametes carried one or both scs genes. Crosses of (lo) durum 13″ + 1′1A + 1′1Dscs to LDN dDt 1A produced several plants with a T1AL.1DL translocation chromosome. The formation of this chromosome was coupled with strong selection for the scs gene on 1DL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica ; Cole crops ; Cytogenetics ; Genome ; Markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This study aimed at generating chromosome addition lines and disclosing genome specific markers in Brassica. These stocks will be used to study genome evolution in Brassica oleracea L., B. campestris L. and the derived amphidiploid species B. napus L. B. campestris-oleracea monosomic and disomic chromosome addition plants were generated by crossing and backcrossing the natural amphidiploid B. napus to the diploid parental species B. campestris. The pollen viability of the derived sesquidiploid and hyperploid ranged from 63% to 88%, while the monosomic and disomic addition plants had an average pollen fertility of 94% and 91%, respectively. The addition lines were genetically characterized by genome specific markers. The isozymes for 6PGD, LAP, PGI and PGM, and rDNA Eco RI restriction fragments were found to possess the desired genome specificity. Duplicated loci for several of these markers were observed in B. campestris and B. oleracea, supporting the hypothesis that these diploid species are actually secondary polyploids. A total of eight monosomic and eight disomic addition plants were identified and characterized on the basis of these markers. Another 51 plants remained uncharacterized due to the lack of additional markers. rDNA genes were found to be distributed in more than one chromosome, differing in its restriction sites. Intergenomic recombination for some of the markers was detected at frequencies between 6% and 20%, revealing the feasibility of intergenomic gene transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Oat ; Oil content ; Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ; Molecular markers ; Candidate gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Oat groats are unique among cereals for the high level and the embryo-plus-endosperm localization of lipids. Genetic manipulation of groat quality traits such as oil is desired for optimizing the value of oat in human and livestock diets. A locus having a major effect on oil content in oat groats was located on linkage group 11 by single-factor analysis of variance, simple interval mapping and simplified composite interval mapping. A partial oat cDNA clone for plastidic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), which catalyzes the first committed step in de novo fatty acid synthesis, identified a polymorphism linked to this major QTL. Similar QTL and ACCase locus placements were obtained with two recombinant inbred populations, ‘Kanota’בOgle’ (KO) and ‘Kanota’בMarion’ (KM), containing 137 and 139 individual lines, respectively. By having a common parent these populations provide biological replication of the results in that significant genomic regions should be evident in analyses of multiple cross combinations. The KO population was mapped with 150 RFLP loci distributed over the genome and was grown in five diverse environments (locations and years) for measurement of groat oil content. The KM population was mapped with 60 RFLP loci and grown in three environments. The QTL linked to AccaseA on linkage group 11 accounted for up to 48% of the phenotypic variance for groat oil content. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that ACCase has a major role in determining groat oil content. Other QTLs were identified in both populations which accounted for an additional 10–20% of the phenotypic variance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 544-554 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea ; Composite RFLP map ; Multi-populational ; Genetic distortions ; Sequence duplications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A composite linkage map of Brassica oleracea was developed from maps of four different populations, derived from 108 DNA, isozyme and morphological loci covering over 747 centimorgans in 11 linkage groups. Of these linkage groups, 8 were assigned to their respective chromosomes by alignment with gene synteny groups of B. oleracea. Distortions in segregation ratios increased with the level of divergence of the parents and were attributed to differentiation of parental chromosomes. Comparison of the individual maps demonstrates that the B. oleracea genome undergoes frequent chromosomal rearrangement, even at the subspecies level. Small inversions were the most frequent form of aberration followed by translocations. The former type of aberration could occur without a noticeable effect on meiotic behavior of chromosomes or on pollen fertility. The obvious deduction from the composite map is that a large fraction of the B. oleracea genome is duplicated, falling into three classes: randomly dispersed, linked-gene families, and blocks duplicated in non-homologous chromosomes. The genealogy of chromosomes sharing duplicated segments was formulated and indicates that B. oleracea is a secondary polyploid species derived from ancestral genome(s) of fewer chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Avena byzantina ; A. sativa ; RFLP ; Homoeology ; C-banding ; Aneuploids ; RFLP mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The use of RFLP markers, together with a partial set of monosomics available in Avena byzantina cv Kanota, has enabled us to identify putative homoeologous chromosome sets in hexaploid Avena species (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD). We first identified probes producing distinct three-band patterns on Southern blots that possibly reflect orthologous loci of the three genomes present in the hexaploid. Using monosomic analysis, 51 different restriction fragments that hybridized to 26 probes were localized to 12 different chromosomes for which monosomic stocks were available. These DNA restriction fragments were localized to specific monosomics using image analysis to quantify band intensity relative to other bands in the same lane. From these data, we have tentatively identified two complete homoeologous sets of three chromosomes each and two partial sets of two of the three chromosomes. The results indicate that RFLP dosage analysis is useful in the characterization of homoeologous chromosomes in hexaploid oat where nullisomics for many of the chromosomes are not available. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA-ARS or the University of Minnesota and does not imply approval over other products that also may be suitable
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Oat ; QTL analysis ; β-glucan ; Oil content ; Coupling-phase QTL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The β-glucan content of oat grain is of inter-est due to its positive human health role as a dietary component influencing serum cholesterol levels and its relation to the energy intake of livestock feed. Two recombinant inbred populations sharing a common parent (Kanota × Ogle and Kanota × Marion), and containing 137 individual lines each, were used to identify genomic regions that influence the β-glucan content in cultivated oat. Single-factor ANOVA, a backward elimination process, simple interval mapping (SIM) and simplified composite interval mapping (sCIM) were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Regions on linkage groups 11 and 14 of the hexaploid oat RFLP map influenced β-glucan levels in both populations and over environments. Other genomic regions were identified whose effects varied depending on the genetic background, but were significant over measurements for a given population. Kanota and Ogle exhibit similar β-glucan levels and each parent contributed about the same number of positive β-glucan alleles in the Kanota × Ogle cross. Marion is higher in β-glucan content than Kanota and contributed all of the positive alleles in the Kanota × Marion cross. Three of the β-glucan QTL regions identified have been previously implicated as having a significant influence on the groat oil content in oat. These correlated QTL regions were either in coupling phase, with a region from one parent having the same effect on both traits, or were in repulsion phase. Identification of coupling- and repulsion-phase QTL regions for β-glucan and oil content facilitates the use of markers in manipulating these traits in oat breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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