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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 26 (1993), S. 4624-4631 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Aquaculture research 32 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A feeding trial of three dietary protein levels (30, 40 and 50%) and two dietary energy levels (19 and 21 MJ kg−1 diet) factorial design with three replications was conducted to investigate the proper dietary protein and energy levels for the growth of juvenile masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou Brevoort). Fish, average weight 21.9 g, were fed the experimental diets for 10 weeks. Weight gain and feed efficiency ratio of fish improved as dietary protein and energy levels increased (P 〈 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between those of fish fed the diets containing 40 and 50% protein at the same dietary energy level. Weight gain of fish fed the high-energy diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed the low-energy diets at 40 and 50% dietary protein levels. Protein efficiency ratio and protein retention of fish were not affected by dietary protein levels at the same energy level, whereas these values of fish fed the high-energy diets were significantly or slightly higher than those of fish fed the low-energy diets at each dietary protein level. Moisture content of fish fed the high-energy diets was significantly lower than those of fish fed the low-energy diets at all protein levels (P 〈 0.05). On the other hand, lipid content of fish fed the high-energy diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed the low-energy diets (P 〈 0.05). Protein and ash contents of fish were not affected by dietary protein and energy levels. Linoleic acid of fish fed the high-energy diets supplemented with soybean oil and squid liver oil was higher than that of fish fed the low-energy diets supplemented by squid liver oil (P 〈 0.05), whereas eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid of fish fed the high-energy diets showed a tendency towards lower values than those of fish fed the low-energy diets at all protein levels. The results of this study indicate that a diet containing 40% protein and 21 MJ kg−1 diet should be optimal for the growth and effective protein utilization of juvenile masu salmon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 3 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted to determine proper levels of dietary protein, lipid and dextrin for juvenile flounder. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (410, 460 and 510 g kg−1) and three lipid levels (60, 130 and 190 g kg−1) with corresponding dextrin levels (250, 150 and 50 g kg−1). Triplicate groups of fish (8.9 ± 0.4 g) were hand-fed the diets to apparent satiation for 7 weeks in flow-through system. Specific growth rate was the highest in fish fed the 510 g kg−1 protein diet with 60 g kg−1 lipid, and was not significantly different from that of fish fed 460 g kg−1 protein diet with 60 g kg−1 lipid. Feed efficiency ratio tended to increase as dietary protein level increased. The feed efficiency ratio of fish fed the 510 g kg−1 protein diets with 60–190 g kg−1 lipid levels was not significantly different from that of fish fed 460 g kg−1 protein diet with 60 g kg−1 lipid. Daily feed intake tended to decrease with increasing dietary lipid level at each protein level. Daily protein intake increased with increasing dietary protein level at 60 g kg−1 lipid level. Hepatosomatic index and visceralsomatic index increased with increasing dietary lipid level at each protein level. The lipid contents of liver, viscera and whole body, and concentrations of plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride increased with increasing dietary lipid levels; however, no significant difference was observed in the contents of dorsal muscle lipid. The results of this study suggest that the diet containing 460–510 g kg−1 protein with low lipid level (60 g kg−1) is optimal for growth and efficient feed utilization of juvenile flounder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 9 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This study was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein level for young (an initial weight of 89 g) turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L. Duplicate groups of the fish were fed the five isoenergetic diets containing the various protein levels ranging from 290 to 570 g kg−1 diet for 45 days. Survival was not affected by dietary protein level. Weight gain and feed efficiency were improved with dietary protein level up to 490 g kg−1 diet. Dietary protein requirement of young turbot using the broken-line model was estimated to be 494 g kg−1 diet based on weight gain response. Protein efficiency ratio was not influenced by dietary protein level. The highest protein retention was obtained from the fish fed the 490 g protein kg−1 diet. Proximate composition of the fish was not significantly affected by dietary protein level. In considering these results, it was concluded that the 494 g protein kg−1 diet with 100 g lipid kg−1 diet (15 MJ kg−1 diet) provided optimal growth of young turbot under these experimental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 22 (1998), S. 375-387 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In order to promote the efficient use of composite materials in civil engineering infrastructure, effort is being directed at the development of design criteria for composite structures. Insofar as design with regard to buckling of composite shells is concerned, it is well known that a key step is to investigate the influence of initial geometric imperfection. At present, imperfection sensitivity study of composite shells has not been explored in detail. Thus, the objective of this paper is to present the formulation used in developing a composite shell element and to validate the element from the composite curved panel. The non-linear formulation of the shell element is based on the updated Lagrangian method. The shell element is capable of small strain and large displacement analysis with finite rotations. In order to remove the rigid body rotation, a co-rotational method is used. Subsequently the postbuckling analyses from the modeling of the curved panel with initial imperfection damage are performed to investigate the effect of initial geometric imperfection shape and amplitude. The results are used to estimate imperfection sensitivity for such panels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 14 (1995), S. 455-456 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 13 (1994), S. 89-90 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 1 (1990), S. 263-273 
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Small-angle neutron scattering studies have been used to clarify several aspects of the internal structure of latexes and subsequent film formation modes. This paper reviews work both around the world and at Lehigh University on those subjects. Two points have been made clear: (1) The appearance of core-shell phenomena in latexes depends on the size of the polymer chain to that of the latex particle; the phenomenon is most marked when the radius of gyration of the chain is about one fifth as big as the latex radius. (2) Strength build-up during film formation depends on the extent of interdiffusion of the chains. For moderate molecular weights, interdiffusion distances of one radius of gyration yield maximum strength. For both moderate (250,000 g/mol) and high (2,000,000 g/mol) molecular weights, full strength was achieved in two hour's annealing time at 144°C.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 263-268 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Qn the viscosity of glass melts and porous sintered glassesSuspensions of solid phase particles in molten glasses modify their flow behavior and therefore their viscosity. This work deals with the dependence of the effective viscosity (ηeff) of isotropic suspensions on the concentration of the solid phase particles. Independently of the shape of the inclusions the values of the effective viscosities lie between upper [ηeff = ηL (1 - CD)-14 ]and lower bounds [ηeff = ηL (1 - CD)-3], where ηL is the viscosity of the molten glass and CD is the volume fraction of solid inclusions. The lower bound is also valid for the effective viscosity of suspensions containing spherical inclusions.Pores present in a glass matrix affect its flow behavior and consequently its creep and sintering behavior. The effective viscosity of porous glasses (ηP) as a function of the volume fraction of pores, or porosity (P), also varies between and upper [ηP = ηM (1 - P)1.04] and a lower bound [ηP = ηM (1 - P)14], where ηM is the viscosity of the nonporous glass matrix. For spherical porosity the equation is: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm \eta_P = \eta_M(1 - P)^{1.5}}$$\end{document}Measured values for the viscosity of different suspensions as reported in the literature as well as own experimental data on two glass-solid systems are compared with the theoretical values predicted by these equations. In a similar way literature data for the viscosity of porous sintered glasses are compared with the respective equations. In all cases a fair agreement between experiment and theory was found in some cases the agreement was excellent. Therefore the presented equations constitute a reliable approach for the prediction of the viscosity of suspensions and porous sintered glasses and since they do not contain fitting parameters, they are of substantial practical relevance (for a comprehensive english treatment of the matter compare Glastechnische Berichte, Proc. Otto-Schott-Colloquium 1994).
    Notes: Suspensionnen von Festphasenteilchen in Glasschmelzen verändern deren Fließverhalten und damit deren Viskosität. Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Abhängigkeit der effektiven Viskosität (ηeff) isotroper Suspensionnen von der Konzentration der Festphansenteilchen. Unabhängig von deren Form liegen die effektiven Viskositäten zwischen oberen und unteren Grenzwerten, deren Konzentrationsabhängigkeit durch Näherungslösungen gegeben ist: obere Grenzwertgleichung: ηeff = ηL (1 - CD)-14untere Grenzwertgleichung: ηeff = ηL (1 - CD)-3(ηL = Viskosität der Schmelze; CD = Volumenanteil der Festphasenteilchen). Für die effektive Viskosität von Suspensionen mit sphärischen Festphasenteilchen gilt die untere Grenzwertgleichung.Poren in Sintergläsern verändern ebenfalls deren Fließ- und damit Sinter-, Umform- und Kriechverhalten. Die effektive Viskosität poröser Gläser (ηP) als Konzentrationsfunktion ist gegeben durch die Näherungslösungen: obere Grenzwertgleichung: ηP = ηM (1 - P)1.04untere Grenzwertgleichung: ηP = ηM (1 - P)14(ηM = Viskosität des porenfreien Glases; P = Porosität).IM Falle sphärischer Porosität gilt die Viskositätsgleichung \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm \eta_P = \eta_M(1 - P)^{1,5}}$$\end{document}Gemessene Werte der Viskosität diverser Suspensionen sowie von Na2O-SiO2-Schmelzen mit dispergierten festen SiO2-Teilchen und Na2O-GeO2-Schmelzen mit dispergierten GeO2-Teilchen werden ebenso mit berechneten Werten verglichen wie die experimentellen Werte der Viskosität von porösen Sintergläsern mit den entsprechenden theoretischen. In allen Fällen wurde hinreichende, vielfach beste Übereinstimmung festgestellt. Die Gleichungen liefern praxisrelevante, verläßliche Aussagen sowohl für Suspensionen wie für poröse Sintergläser.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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