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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Afferent fiber connections from lower brain stem to hypothalamus studied by the horseradish peroxidase method with special reference to noradrenaline innervation (1978)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 31 (1978), S. 81-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Afferent connection ; Lower brain stem ; Hypothalamus ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Histofluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Attempts were made to determine the afferent projections to the anterior hypothalamus including the preoptic area from the lower brain stem by means of the horseradish peroxidase method combined with monoamine oxidase staining to identify noradrenaline (NA) neurons. In addition to this technique, a histofluorescence analysis was performed. NA fibers in the medial part of the anterior hypothalamus were mainly supplied by A1 and A2 NA neuron groups, while the lateral part and periventricular zone received NA terminals from both pontine and medulla oblongata NA neuron groups. Furthermore, the present study indicated that there were direct projections to the anterior hypothalamus from non-noradrenergic neurons in the lower brain stem: nuclei raphe dorsalis, centralis superior, cells in the mesencephalic and pontine central gray matter, nuclei parabrachialis lateralis and medialis, cells around fasciculus longitudinalis medialis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235806
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of SRY gene transcripts with a longer 3′ untranslated sequence in adult human male lymphocytes and tumor cells (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 257 (1998), S. 587-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsSRY ; mRNA expression ; Human ; Lymphocytes ; Tumor ; Illegitimate transcripts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using 3′ RACE PCR and the repeated nested-PCR method, the expression of transcripts of the sex-determining gene SRY was investigated in single lymphocytes from a human adult male and in male tumor cell lines. The gene is functionally transcribed in the early stages of embryogenesis and mRNA is also expressed in adult testes. However, in this study, SRY gene transcripts were also detected in somatic cells of adult male and in tumor cells. Moreover, this mRNA possessed a longer additional untranslated exon. Although expression of the transcripts might not have any functional meaning in these cells, these new findings support the hypothesis that any given human cell can contain illegitimate mRNAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050686
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A single human cell expresses all messenger ribonucleic acids: the arrow of time in a cell (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 258 (1998), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Illegitimate transcription ; Single cell ; Lymphocyte ; Sperm ; Arrow of time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Expression of 25 mRNAs in a single human lymphocyte was investigated using the reverse transcription–nested polymerase chain reaction (RT–nested PCR) method. Proteins corresponding to the mRNA investigated were mucin antigen, melanoma antigen, pregnancy-specific β-1 glycoprotein 4, phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase, β B3-crystallin, homeobox 4A, interleukin 2, cluster of differentiation 8, progesterone receptor, parathyroid hormone, gastrin, cholecystokinin/pancreozymin, glucagon, insulin, enkephalin, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, synapsin I, immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgD, IgG1, IgG3, IgE, IgA, and T cell receptor α. All mRNAs were detected in single lymphocytes of two individuals, without exception. In addition, transcripts of IgM, IgD, IgG1, IgG3, IgE, IgA, and the T cell receptor α gene were detected in single sperms. The results strongly suggest the possibility that all mRNAs may be expressed in a single human cell, of both somatic and germ lineage. Thus, cells can consume energy in vain to produce functionally meaningless gene transcripts. However, this basal or illegitimate transcription may be essential for the birth of living matter: the arrow of time in a cell. Moreover, the phenomenon implies the potential of using lymphocytes in place of inaccessible tissue for the diagnosis of genetic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050727
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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