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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    F-wave latency serves as the most reproducible measure in nerve conduction studies of diabetic polyneuropathy: multicentre analysis in healthy subjects and patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 915-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Nerve conduction study, reproducibility, F-wave latency, diabetic polyneuropathy, serial study, drug trial, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), intertrial variation, nerve conduction velocity, sensory nerve action potential, motor conduction velocity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. For use in future drug development for diabetic polyneuropathy, we conducted multicentre trials to assess the reproducibility of nerve conduction studies.¶Methods. All measurements were repeated twice at a time interval of 1–4 weeks in 132 healthy subjects (63 men) and 172 patients (99 men) with diabetic polyneuropathy. Using a standardised method, 32 centres participated in the study of control subjects and 65, in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Motor nerve conduction studies consisted of stimulating the left median and tibial nerves and recording the compound action potential from abductor policis and adductor hallucis for measuring amplitude, terminal latency and minimal F-wave latency. For sensory conduction studies, sensory nerve action potentials were recorded antidromically from the second digit and the posterior aspect of the lateral malleous after distal stimulation of the left median and sural nerves. We also calculated motor conduction velocity, F-wave conduction velocity and sensory conduction velocity. The relative intertrial variation and intraclass correlation coefficient were used as an index of reproducibility.¶Results. Of all the measurements, F-wave latency yielded the highest intraclass correlation coefficient with the smallest relative intertrial variation for both median and tibial nerves in both groups.¶Conclusion/interpretation. Median and tibial F-wave latency provide the most reproducible measures for a nerve conduction study, serving as one of the best measures in multicentre drug trials for diabetic polyneuropathies. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 915–921]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051469
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of acetylcholinesterase activity closely associated with amyloid β/A4 protein is not correlated with acetylcholinesterase-positive fiber density in amygdala of Alzheimer's disease (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 425-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase ; Senile plaque ; β/A4 protein ; Amygdala ; Alzheimer's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the possible relationship between acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing fiber density and senile plaque density and between AChE-positive plaques and β/A4 protein deposition, AChE histochemistry, the modified Bielschowsky's method and β/A4 protein immunohistochemistry were performed on the amygdala of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aged control cases. Abundant AChE-positive senile plaques were found in the amygdala and related structures in AD. These AChE-positive plaques were mainly of the primitive or diffuse type. In addition to senile plaques of typical morphologies a variety of AChE-positive structures were observed in the amygdala and related regions in AD. A comparison of serial sections stained alternatively with AChE histochemistry and β/A4 protein immunohistochemistry has revealed that these AChE-positive structures with variable morphological appearances displayed β/A4 protein immunoreactivity, indicating that AChE is localized in a variety of β/A4 protein deposition including the diffuse plaque. Thus, it is suggested that AChE is present in some senile plaques at the earliest stage. However, there was no apparent correlation between the numerical density of AChE-positive fibers and senile plaque density. These findings suggest that the degeneration of cholinergic neurons is not attributed to the occurrence of AChE activity in β/A4 protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227670
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions in anterior horn cells and hypoglossal neurons in a case with Joseph's disease (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1993), S. 341-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Joseph's disease ; Ubiquitin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Anterior horn cell ; Hypoglossal nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe a patient with progressive spastic ataxia and ophthalmoparesis. His clinical and neuropathological findings were consistent with Joseph's disease. The most characteristic neuropathological features in the present case were ubiquitin-immunoreactive filamentous or dense inclusions in spinal anterior horn cells and hypoglossal neurons, which have been considered to be a specific finding in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The occurrence of ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions suggests that such inclusions are not totally specific to ALS and could occur in occasional degenerating motor neurons without apparent ALS neuropathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227732
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bundles of amyloid precursor protein-immunoreactive axons in human cerebrovascular white matter lesions (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 450-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words: Amyloid precursor protein – Chromogranin A – Synaptophysin – White matter lesions – Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Cerebral white matter lesions commonly observed in Binswanger's disease, multi-infarct encephalopathy and elderly people are neuropathologically characterized by diffuse incomplete demyelination and considered to be ischemic in nature. Arteriolosclerosis in the white matter is a common feature in these white matter lesions. To investigate a possible alteration of the distribution of amyloid precursor protein (APP), chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (Syn) in such white matter lesions, we examined 15 cases with white matter lesions and 5 without white matter lesions. Many bundles of axons with APP-like immunoreactivity (LI) were observed particularly in mild white matter lesions. Such bundles of axons showed similar but less intense CgA-LI and Syn-LI. They appeared to occur in areas with many ameboid or ramified microglia labeled with anti-leukocyte common antigen and few astrocytes labeled with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein. In the center of moderate or severe white matter lesions bundles of axons with APP-LI were never observed. Since APP, CgA and Syn undergo fast axonal transport, and since following ischemic insults to central nervous system microglial reaction occurs earlier than astroglial changes, our results suggest that axonal damage, which induces disturbance of fast axonal transport, can occur even in the early stage of white matter lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294171
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapieversuche mit Antilymphocytenserum bei Autoaggressionskrankheiten des Menschen (1968)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 856-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Two patients with dermatomyositis and one patient with temporal arteriitis were treated with horse antilymphocytic serum for 16–38 days. Without further immunosuppressive therapy most or some symptoms of the diesease improved in all patients. In one case a striking improvement occured only after a combination of antilymphocytic serum, cortisone and 6-mercaptopurine, whereas cortisone and 6-MP alone had poor effect. Allergic reactions against horse serum developed in two patients. That corresponds to an appearance of numerous plasmacells and of anti-horse serum antibodies in the blood. Intravenous injection of antilymphocytic serum caused a lymphopenia for more than 5 hous in contrast to a short granulocytopenia of only one or two hours. A permanent lymphopenia, however, during the time of treatment with daily injections was only observed in one patient.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zwei Patientinnen mit Dermatomyositis und eine Patientin mit Arteriitis temporalis wurden 16–38 Tage mit Antilymphocytenserum vom Pferd behandelt. Ohne weitere immunsuppressive Therapie besserten sich bei allen Patienten die meisten oder einzelne Symptome ihrer Krankheit. In einem Fall trat eine entscheidende Besserung jedoch erst nach Kombination von Antilymphocytenserum mit Corticosteroiden und 6-Merkaptopurin ein, während die beiden letzten Medikamente ohne Serum nur geringen Effekt hatten. Bei zwei Patienten entwickelten sich hyperergischen Reaktionen gegen Pferdeserum. Dem entsprach eine plötzliche Ausschwemmung von Plasmazellen ins Blut und das Auftreten von Antipferdeserumantikörpern. Nach der intravenösen Gabe von Antilymphocytenserum kam es regelmäßig zu einer mehrstündigen Lymphopenie und einer wesentlich kurzfristigen Granulocytopenie. Jedoch bewirkten die täglichen Injektionen nur bei einer Patientin eine Dauerlymphopenie, woraus geschlossen wird, daß der immunsuppressive Effekt des Antilymphocytenserums nicht allein von einer Lymphocytenzerstörung abhängt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01746244
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine-induced Protection Against Glutamate Cytotoxicity (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 777 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Cortical neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is suggested to be attributable not only to β-protein but also to glutamate. Although degeneration of cholinergic projection to the cerebral cortex is recognized to be one of the most prominent pathological changes in AD, there is only limited information concerning the cholinergic interaction with the cortical neurodegeneration. This study was performed to examine the protective effect of nicotine against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity using rat cultured cortical neurons. The cell viability was significantly reduced when cultures were briefly exposed to glutamate or N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA). The simultaneous addition of nicotine did not reduce glutamate cytotoxicity. In contrast, the simultaneous application of NMDA receptor antagonists such as MK-801 reduced glutamate cytotoxicity. Incubating the cultures with nicotine (10 μM) for 0.5-24 h prior to glutamate exposure reduced its cytotoxicity. Neuroprotection by nicotine was dependent on both the concentration and incubation period. In contrast to nicotine, muscarine (10 μM) weakly potentiated glutamate cytotoxicity. The neuroprotective effect of nicotine against glutamate cytotoxicity was antagonized by hexamethonium but not by artopinc. Nicotine prevented NMDA cytotoxicity but did not affect cytotoxicity induced by either kainate or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA). Cell viability was significantly reduced by a brief exposure of cultures to ionomycin, a calcium ionophore. Ionomycin-induced cytotoxicity was abolished by removing Ca2+ from incubating medium. S-nitrosocysteine (SNOC), which spontaneously releases nitric oxide (NO), also induced delayed cell death. Nicotine prevented ionomycin-induced cytotoxicity without affecting SNOC-induced cytotoxicity. These results suggest that nicotinic cholinergic receptor stimulation induces neuroprotection against glutamate cytotoxicity by its inhibitory action on NO-formation. Therefore, we propose that acetylcholine, acting through nicotinic cholinergic receptors, can function as a putative neuroprotective factor against neurodegeneration caused by the excessive release of glutamate and/or NMDA receptor activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34445.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trophic effect of β-amyloid precursor protein on cerebral cortical neurons in culture
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 181 (1991), S. 265-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81412-3
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ISFET glucose sensor for undiluted serum sample measurement
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 5 (1991), S. 237-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0925-4005
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0925-4005(91)80254-H
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel approach for toxicity sensing using hepatocytes on a collagen-patterned plate
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 13 (1993), S. 196-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0925-4005
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0925-4005(93)85360-M
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an amperometric alcohol sensor based on immobilized alcohol dehydrogenase and entrapped NAD^+
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biosensors and Bioelectronics 6 (1991), S. 563-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0956-5663
    Keywords: BSA membrane ; NAD^+ ; NAD^+ entrapment ; alcohol ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; amperometric biosensor ; biosensor
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0956-5663(91)80020-X
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