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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß von Phentermin-Resinat auf die Gefäßwand der Lungenarterien (Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen) (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 53-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Phentermine-resinate ; pulmonary arteries ; pharmacologically induced hypertrophy of the arterial wall ; Phentermin-Resinat ; Pulmonalarterien ; pharmakologisch induzierte Wandhypertrophie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In zwei Versuchsserien wurde 60 Ratten (Wistar- bzw. SPF-Sprague-Dawley Stamm) beiderlei Geschlechts mit einem Ausgangsgewicht von 330 bzw. 180 g peroral über 30 Tage 12 bzw. 18 mg/kg Körpergewicht Phentermin-Resinat appliziert. Zur Kontrolle erhielten 40 Tiere p.o. physiologische Kochsalzlösung, während 40 Ratten unbehandelt blieben. Dabei konnten bei etwa 70% der älteren Phentermin-Resinat-behandelten Tiere Umbauprozesse der Pulmonalarterienäste beobachtet werden, die von einer mittelgradigen bis ausgeprägten Hypertrophie der Tunica media bis nahezu vollständiger Einengung des Lumens reichten.
    Notes: Summary Phentermine-resinate, 12 and 18 mg/kg body-weight, was applied in two test series for a period of 30 days to 60 rats (Wistar and SPF-Sprague-Dawley strain) of both sexes with a starting weight of 180 and 330 g, respectively. 40 control animals received physiological sodium chloride solution and 40 animals stayed untreated. 70% of the older phentermine-resinate treated rats displayed changes of the pulmonary arteries branches. The Tunica media in these cases showed a medium to considerably distinct hypertrophy with almost complete closure of the lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01468524
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of elimination of thiocyanate in 7 healthy subjects and in 8 subjects with renal failure (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thiozyanat ; Nitroprussid ; Pharmakokinetik ; Thiocyanate ; Nitroprusside ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The concentration of thiocyanate in the serum of eight test subjects with renal failure and seven healthy control subjects was measured, as it declined with time, after oral doses of thiocyanate or i.v. injections of nitroprusside had been administered. Additional measurements were taken, on the healthy subjects only, of the concentrations of thiocyanate in the urine, and also of the influence of an increased chloride intake on the rate of elimination of thiocyanate. For the healthy subjects an elimination half-life of between one and five days (mean c. 3 days) was found. Increasing the chloride elimination rate to approximately twice normal did not significantly speed up the rate of thiocyanate elimination. The amounts of thiocyanate which had been administered as doses reappeared almost exclusively in the urine. For the subjects with renal failure, the elimination half-life had a mean value of approximately nine days. The elimination constants were found to be proportional to the creatinine-clearance rates. Thek e value at a creatinine-clearance of zero ml/min was approximately 15% of thek e value at a creatinine-clearance rate of 120 ml/min. The distribution volumes for thiocyanate were greater for the patients with renal failure than for the healthy subjects. The conclusions for therapies using nitroprusside are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 7 gesunden und 8 niereninsuffizienten Probanden wurden nach oraler Zufuhr von Thiozyanat oder i.v.-Infusion von Nitroprussid die abklingenden Konzentrationen von Thiozyanat im Serum gemessen. Bei den gesunden Probanden wurden außerdem die Thiozyanatausscheidungen mit dem Urin, sowie der Einfluß einer erhöhten Chloridzufuhr auf die Thiozyanatelimination gemessen. Bei den gesunden Probanden wurden Eliminationshalbwertzeiten von 1–5 Tagen (Mittelwert ca. 3 Tage) ermittelt. Die Erhöhung der Chloridausscheidung auf etwa das zweifache der Norm führte nicht zu einer wesentlichen Beschleunigung der Thiozyanatelimination. Das applizierte Thiozyanat wurde nahezu vollständig im Urin gefunden. Bei den niereninsuffizienten Probanden betrug die mittlere Eliminationshalbwertzeit ca. 9 Tage. Die Eliminationskonstanten nahmen proportional mit den Kreatinin-Clearances zu. Derk e-Wert bei einer Kreatinin-Clearance von 0 ml/min betrug etwa 15% desk e-Wertes bei einer Kreatinin-Clearance von 120 ml/min. Die Verteilungsvolumina für Thiozyanat waren bei den Niereninsuffizienten größer als bei den Gesunden. Die Schlußfolgerungen für die Therapie mit Nitroprussid werden erörtert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477493
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine treatment of human cadaver kidney graft recipients: A prospectively randomized trial (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 193-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kidney transplantation ; Dopamine infusion ; Dialysis frequency ; Nierentransplantation ; Dopamininfusion ; Dialyserate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer prospektiven randomisierten Studie wurde an 50 Patienten überprüft, ob die Gabe von Dopamin nach Nierentransplantation die Funktion des Transplantates verbessern könne. Die Nieren waren hirntoten Spendern unter optimalen Kreislaufverhältnissen entnommen worden. Es zeigte sich, daß die Dialysefrequenz in der ersten Woche pOp von der Dopamingabe nicht beeinflußt wurde, nach Dopamingabe wurden nur geringgradig bessere Kreatininclearance-Werte gefunden. Hingegen ließ sich die Wasserausscheidung durch Dopamin deutlich steigern, entsprechend wurden in der Dopamingruppe 47,4% der Patienten mit einer Diurese von mehr als 11/Tag dialysiert, verglichen mit 15,7% solcher Patienten, in der Gruppe, die kein Dopamin erhielt. Diese Befunde entsprechen experimentellen Ergebnissen, die gezeigt hatten, daß Dopamin die Nierenfunktion hauptsächlich dann verbesserte, wenn die Niere nach hypotensiver Vorschädigung konserviert und transplantiert wurde.
    Notes: Summary In a prospectively randomized trial, 50 human cadaver kidney graft recipients were tested for the effect of dopamine infusion on kidney function after transplantation. The kidneys were taken from beating-heart donors under optimal conditions. The dopamine infusion did not affect the dialysis frequency in the 1st week after transplantation, in the dopamine group only slightly better creatinine clearances could be detected. However, the diuresis increased significantly when dopamine was given and this resulted in the fact that in the dopamine group 47.4% of the patients were dialyzed although the diuresis amounted to more than 11/day as compared to 15.7% of such patients in the nondopamine group. These findings correspond to experimental data, which showed that the dopamine infusion of the recipient mainly ameliorated renal function in those cases where kidneys were taken after hypotensive injury of the donor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01715586
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of food intake on plasma levels and antihypertensive response during maintenance therapy with endralazine (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: endralazine ; severe hypertension ; food intake ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A sensitive HPLC assay has been used to determine the effect of food on plasma endralazine levels in 8 patients with essential hypertension. Subjects were investigated whilst on maintenance therapy with endralazine combined with a fixed antihypertensive baseline treatment for at least 4 weeks, samples being collected after the usual oral morning dose of endralazine (5 mg and 10 mg), on two occasions at least 7 days apart. Endralazine was administered with the concomitant therapy in randomised order once 90 min before and once immediately after a standard breakfast. Acetylator status did not affect its pharmacokinetics in the postprandial study after a 5 mg dose, the peak endralazine concentration averaged 57.5% lower and the AUC had fallen significantly by 49.9%, whereas after 10 mg the postprandial peak level and the AUC were 82.9% and 64.7%, lower. In the 5 mg study the mean arterial blood pressure was decreased by 30 mm Hg in the fasting subjects and by 21 mm Hg in the post-prandial group. For the 10 mg dose the corresponding values were 35 and 24 mm Hg. The blood pressure lowering effect was only weakly correlated with the food — related reduction in the plasma endralazine levels. The results suggest that endralazine has a similar kinetic interaction with food as that found for hydralazine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543971
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of ramipril in hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ramipril ; renal insufficiency ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics ; ramiprilat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an open trial, the pharmacokinetics of ramipril and its active metabolite ramiprilat were studied in 25 hypertensive patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency given 5 mg ramipril p.o. for 14 days. Ramipril was rapidly absorbed and reached a peak concentration after 1–2 h. Cmax was greater in patients with severe renal insufficiency, which might indicate a reduced renal elimination rate, although, the rapid decline of the concentration-time curve for ramipril was almost independent of renal function. The mean initial apparent half-lives on Days 1 and 12, respectively, were 2.8 and 3.4 h (Group I: creatinine clearance 5–15 ml/min), 1.8 and 2.3 h (Group II: creatinine clearance 15–40 ml/min), and 1.9 and 1.9 h (Group III: creatinine clearance 40–80 ml/min). No accumulation was observed after multiple dosing. In contrast, the kinetics of its active acid metabolite ramiprilat was significantly influenced by renal function. The mean times to the peak plasma concentration were 5.7 h in Group I, 4.4 h in Group II and 3.8 h in Group III. The initial decline in plasma ramiprilat was dependent upon renal function; the mean initial apparent half-lives (Days 1 and 12, respectively) were 16.0 and 14.8 h (Group I), 10.1 and 9.5 h (Group II) and 10.6 and 8.0 h (Group III). Mean trough concentrations and absolute accumulation also increased with worsening renal function, and the renal clearance of ramiprilat was significantly correlated with the creatinine clearance. The subsequent long terminal phase at low plasma ramiprilat concentrations represented slow dissociation of the ACE-inhibitor complex. The study indicates that in patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance below 30 ml/min) smaller doses of ramipril are required than in patients with normal or borderline renal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00679779
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of oral nitrendipine solution in hypertensive patients with advanced renal failure (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nitrendipine ; Hypertension ; pharmacokinetics ; renal function ; hypertensive crisis ; pharmacodynamics ; blood pressure ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nitrendipine solution 5 mg·ml−1 in the dose of 5 mg was given orally to 20 patients with chronic renal failure and elevated diastolic blood pressure (≥110 mmHg), of whom 10 were on maintenance haemodialysis (endogenous creatinine clearance 〈5 ml·min−1) and 10 were at the predialysis stage (endogenous creatinine clearance 5–20 ml·min−1). The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of kidney function and/or dialysis treatment on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of a solution of nitrendipine and to assess its antihypertensive efficacy. After 10 min there was a significant reduction in blood pressure from 188/113 to 173/100 (patients not dependent on dialysis) and from 197/112 to 161/94 mmHg (patients dependent on dialysis). The maximum fall in blood pressure (approximately 30%) was attained after 90 min in the dialysis patients and after 120 min in the non-dialysis group. Blood pressure increased again about 3 h after the administration of nitrendipine but it was still below baseline after 12 h. The terminal elimination half-life (4.1 h in the dialysis patients and 3.6 h in non-dialysis patients) was similar to that observed in patients with normal renal function. The pharmacokinetics of nitrendipine did not differ between the dialysis and non-dialysis groups. There was a correlation between plasma concentration and the blood pressure reduction. The maximum plasma concentration of nitrendipine was reached after 0.5 h (median) and did not differ between the two groups. The mean maximum plasma concentration was 14.8 μg·1−1 in the study population as a whole, with comparable means in the dialysis (17.3 μg·1−1) and non-dialysis (12.4 μg·1−1) groups. The nitrendipine solution proved to be effective in lowering acutely elevated blood pressure in patients with advanced renal failure and renal hypertension, and was well tolerated. The pharmacokinetics was not affected by renal impairment or by dialysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315493
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eliminationskinetik von Cefamandol bei Patienten mit dialysebedürftiger Niereninsuffizienz (1978)
    Springer
    Infection 6 (1978), S. S238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The elimination kinetics of cefamandole during dialysis and without dialysis was investigated in five subjects with normal kidney function and in 12 patients with renal insufficiency requiring dialysis (dialyses three times a week for four hours). In patients with renal insufficiency, the half-life of cefamandole was prolonged by approximately ninefold, from 36.6 min to 330 min, during the interval without dialysis. During dialysis, the elimination half-life was reduced by slightly more than one-half to 148 min in patients with renal insufficiency; the dialysance of cefamandole ranged between 37 and 56 ml/min, depending on the serum levels. The variation in half-life was significantly lower while patients were undergoing dialysis than during the interval without dialysis. On the basis of this pharmacokinetic data, it is strongly advised to reduce the cefamandole dosage in patients with renal insufficiency. In view of the altered elimination kinetics of the antibiotic during dialysis, individual serum level determinations should be performed to control cefamandole therapy in patients undergoing dialysis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei fünf nierengesunden Probanden sowie bei 12 Patienten mit dialysebedürftiger Niereninsuffizienz (Dialysen dreimal wöchentlich jeweils vier Std.) wurde die Eliminationskinetik von Cefamandol mit und ohne Dialysebehandlung untersucht. Bei niereninsuffizienten Patienten im dialysefreien Intervall war die Halbwertszeit von Cefamandol von 36,6 min auf 330 min um etwa das Neunfache verlängert. Unter der Dialysebehandlung wurde die Eliminationshalbwertszeit bei niereninsuffizienten Patienten mit 148 min auf etwas weniger als die Hälfte verkürzt, die Dialysance des Cefamandols bewegte sich in Abhängigkeit von den Serumspiegeln zwischen 37 und 56 ml/min. Die Streuung der Halbwertszeiten war bei den Patienten unter Dialysebehandlung wesentlich geringer als im dialysefreien Intervall. Aufgrund der vorliegenden pharmakokinetischen Daten empfiehlt sich bei bestehender Niereninsuffizienz unbedingt eine Reduktion der Cefamandol-Dosis. Bei Verwendung von Cefamandol unter Dialysetherapie sollten wegen der durch die Dialyse veränderten Eliminationskinetik des Antibiotikums in Einzelfällen Serumspiegelmessungen zur Therapiekontrolle durchgeführt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01638981
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmakokinetik von Cefotaxim bei Patienten mit dialysepflichtiger Niereninsuffizienz (1980)
    Springer
    Infection 8 (1980), S. S480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Six healthy test persons and 14 patients with renal insufficiency requiring dialysis were studied in order to determine the elimination kinetics of cefotaxime. The patients were studied while undergoing haemodialysis and during the interval between dialyses. The half-life increased 17-fold from 51.6 min to 14.6 h during the interval between dialyses. Haemodialysis reduced the half-life to 1.69 h, or one-eighth of the original period. The dialysance of cefotaxime is approximately 60 ml/min. The volume of distribution was 15% of the body weight. On the basis of the pharmacokinetic data presented, the dosis for patients with renal insufficiency requiring dialysis should be reduced to approximately 1/5 to 1/10 of the normal dose.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei sechs gesunden Probanden und bei 14 patienten mit dialysepflichtiger Niereninsuffizienz wurde die Eliminationskinetik von Cefotaxim untersucht, bei den Patienten sowohl unter der Hämodialyse wie auch im dialysefreien Intervall. Die Halbwertszeit war im Dialyseintervall von 51,6 Minuten auf 14,6 Stunden um das 17fache verlängert. Durch die Hämodialyse verkürzte sich die Halbwertszeit mit 1,69 Stunden auf ein Achtel, die Dialysance des Cefotaxims liegt bei ca. 60 ml/min. Das Verteilungsvolumen berechnete sich auf 15% des Körpergewichts. Aufgrund der vorgelegten pharmakokinetischen Daten sollte bei dialysepflichtigen niereninsuffizienten Patienten eine Dosisreduktion auf etwa 1/5 bis 1/10 der Normaldosis vorgenommen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01639427
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgE-positive hypersensitivity V asculitis —A difficult problem for the plastic surgeon (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 11 (1988), S. 178-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: IgE positive hypersensitivity vasculitis ; Skin necrosis ; Skin grafting ; Glomerulonephritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hypersensitivity vasculitis is an autonomous form of this disease, attacking the minor vessels. It manifests itself either as an idiopathic condition or in secondary, symptomatic form following severe illnesses or as an oversensitivity reaction to certain drugs. Distinctions are drawn between a local, a systemic and a simultaneously local and systemic progression. The problems of diagnosis and therapy are described for a complicated case in the acute generalization phase. Successful treatment of this severe form of the disease requires close cooperation between the internal specialist and the plastic surgeon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295281
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Torasemide in advanced renal failure (1993)
    Springer
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 7 (1993), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: advanced renal failure ; hemodialysis patients ; torasemide ; furosemide ; fluid excretion ; natriuresis ; calciuresis ; neurological status
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In patients with advanced renal failure, high doses of loop diuretics are required to promote negative sodium and water balance and to treat hypertension. Torasemide is a new loop diuretic that has a high bioavailability of 90% and a plasma half-life of 3–5 hours, which remains unchanged in chronic renal failure. Even in patients with advanced renal failure, intravenous and oral high-dose torasemide proves effective in increasing fluid and sodium excretion in a dose-dependent manner. A number of studies in renal failure patients provide evidence that, on a weight-by-weight basis, the ratio of diuretic potency between torasemide and furosemide is 1:2.5 after oral dosing and 1:1 after intravenous administration. The lack of a substantial calciuretic effect of torasemide in chronic renal disease needs further confirmation. Two controlled multicenter clinical trials comparing high oral doses of furosemide and torasemide in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring maintenance hemodialysis demonstrated a substantial increase in urinary volume and electrolyte excretions in patients receiving 100 or 200 mg oral torasemide once daily. A dose of 200 mg oral torasemide appears equally natriuretic to oral furosemide 500 mg, whereas the antihypertensive effect of torasemide is more pronounced. Neither torasemide nor furosemide in the above doses has a negative influence on the neurological status of hemodialysis patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877961
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