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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection by a cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, rolipram, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP against Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse hepatitis (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 380-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words:P. acnes/LPS hepatitis model — Macrophages/ Kupffer cells — Tumor necrosis factor-α— Phosphodiesterase — Rolipram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: To study the effect of cellular cAMP-increasing agents on Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse hepatitis.¶Material: Male BALB/c mice were used. Macrophages/Kupffer cells isolated from P. acnes-primed murine liver were used for the in vitro study.¶Treatment: Type IV phosphodiesterase (PDE)-specific inhibitor, rolipram, was administered (10, 30 mg/kg, p.o.). Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) was injected (10, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) into the mice.¶Method: Plasma TNFα estimated by the use of an L-929 cell cytotoxic assay and plasma transaminase activities were measured for the in vivo study. The LPS-induced production of TNFα in vitro from the cultured macrophage/Kupffer cells was determined by ELISA.¶Results: Rolipram suppressed the elevation of plasma transaminases induced by injection of LPS, and dbcAMP had a tendency to suppress them. Both agents attenuated the LPS-induced release of TNFα in vivo, and suppressed the TNFα production from the cultured macrophage/Kupffer cells.¶Conclusions: These results suggest that rolipram and dbcAMP have potential to inhibit TNFa production from activated macrophage/Kupffer cells, and it may be partially involved in the protecting effect in the P. acnes/LPS hepatitis model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050475
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis in children with Moyamoya disease (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 104 (1990), S. 96-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Moyamoya disease ; surgical treatment ; encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis ; advantages and disadvantages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) was done in 16 Japanese children with Moyamoya disease on 22 sides. The results were evaluated clinically, angiographically, and by positron emission computed tomography (PET). Postoperative external carotid angiograms showed a good collateral circulation through EDAS in 72 percent of the treated sides. Two-thirds of the sides examined by PET showed improvement in cerebral blood circulation, particularly at the surgically-treated cortex. Postoperatively the symptoms disappeared in those with good new collateral formation. TIA, RIND, and/or involuntary movement disappaered in 31 percent and partially so in 44 percent 6 months after EDAS. The TIA in the lower limb and/ or involuntary movement persisted in some children. This surgical approach seems applicable particularly for children with the ischaemic type of Moyamoya disease, however, the procedure also has drawbacks. Development of collateral circulation was insufficient in some cases, and the territories of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) or posterior cerebral artery (PCA) were often not covered, even in those with a good new collateral formation in the middle cerebral arterial (MCA) area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01842826
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glial fibrillary acidic protein in medulloblastoma (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 55 (1981), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Medulloblastoma ; Desmoplastic medulloblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-four cases of classical medulloblastoma and one case of desmoplastic medulloblastoma were examined for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) using the immunoperoxidase method to assess astrocytic differentiation. In 16 cases of classical medullablastoma GFAP-positive cells were present in variable numbers. These cells were classified as three different types according to size and shape. The type 1 cell was morphologically identical to the ordinary tumor cell, with a hyperchromatic nucleus and a scanty cytoplasm. The type 2 cell had a fairly rich cytoplasm with short cytoplasmic processes. The type 3 cell was characterized by a relatively large nucleus with sparse chromatin and well-developed cytoplasmic processes, and was considered a reactive astrocyte. The type 1 and some of the type 2 cells seemed to be neoplastic, displaying astrocytic differentiation. The remaining type 2 cells may have been reactive astrocytes. In one case of desmoplastic medulloblastoma, the majority of GFAP-positive cells were arranged in “islands”, and had delicate fibrillated processes. GFAP-positive cells were also observed outside these “islands”, though they were less numerous. Most of them were regarded as type 3 cells, but some were type 2. This may be interpreted as meaning that the glial character of the tumor was expressed more within than outside these “islands”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691533
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferating potential of folliculo-stellate cells in human pituitary adenomas (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 71 (1986), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Folliculo-stellate cell ; Pituitary adenoma ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; S-100 protein ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Folliculo-stellate cells (FS cells) in 40 pituitary adenomas and portions of anterior pituitary adjacent to the tumor in 26 cases were investigated immunohistochemically, using polyclonal antisera to S-100 protein (S-100) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The objective was to clarify the histological behavior of the FS cells. In most pituitary adenomas there were few or no S-100-or GFAP-positive cell, in comparison with numerous positive cells in the parts of the adenohypophyses compressed by adenomas. However, positive FS cells were observed in some types of pituitary adenomas. Growth hormone and prolactin producing adenomas frequently contained significant amounts of FS cells. In non-functioning adenomas, an unique case of FS cell adenoma was present. The adenoma was composed mainly of FS cells and immature glandular cells. The FS cells were sometimes located around follicles containing Periodic acid Schiff-positive material. Therefore, the FS cell adenoma is characterized by S-100- and GFAP-positive FS cells and PAS-positive follicles. In this type of adenoma, FS cells seemed to be the main proliferating component. In parts of the adenohypophyses adjacent to the adenomas, GFAP0-positive FS cells were numerous. In the pathological conditions FS cells may possess the potential of reactive proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688045
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell kinetics of the malignant evolution of meningothelial meningioma (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Malignant meningioma ; Local recurrence ; Cell kinetics ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Subarachnoid dissemination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A meningotheliomatous meningioma occurred in the right parietal parasagittal region of a 43-year-old woman. A total excision was carried out. Three years and 9 months later, one parasagittal and two falx tumours in close proximity recurred and were excised. The falx tumors showed the features of an anaplastic transitional meningioma with increased mitoses. The falx meningioma recurred locally and repeatedly, despite radiation therapy and chemoimmunotherapy. She died 7 years and 8 months after the onset. At autopsy, the tumor was found to have metastasized via the cerebrospinal fluid to the spinal cord and pituitary stalk. Extracranial metastases were not evident. At the fourth craniotomy, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered intravenously to label tumor cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. The BrdU-labeled cells accounted for 9.0%; they are usually less than 1% in benign meningiomas. Meningothelial meningiomas with a high labeling index recur rapidly, even after Simpson's grade 2 removal, and treatment for a malignant meningioma should be instituted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688188
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternate culture and animal passage of human glioma (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 53 (1981), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human glioma ; Alternate culture and animal passage ; Asplenic-athymic mouse ; Athymic nude mouse ; Differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The method of the alternate culture and animal passage was introduced in the study of human glioma. For animal passage the hereditary asplenic-athymic (lasat) mice were used as a carrier. Because the lasat mice have practically no cellular and only little humoral immunity, the rate of tumor take was expected to be raised, and successful results were obtained. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical (GFA protein) studies were also done. The overgrowth of stromal elements in reculture of tumors in lasat mice was less vigorous than in athymic nude mice. After four passages through lasat mice, an established human glioma cell line, KNS-42, showed numerous well differentiated cell nests, and this alternate culture and animal passage suggested to enhance the differentiation and growth capacity. After three passages through lasat mice, the tumor line, KNS-42-L, produced tumors also in athymic nude mice and their histological features were essentially the same as those in lasat mice, and hence the lasat mice could be saved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697182
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microvascular abnormalities in ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced rat brain tumors: Structural basis for altered blood-brain barrier function (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 59 (1983), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental gliomas ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Blood-brain barrier ; Peroxidase leakage ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure, histometric characteristics, and permeability of microvessels were studied by electron microscopy in normal and in ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced glioma tissue from rats, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a tracer. The tumor vessels were classified into (1) capillary buds (Type I); (2) round small to large capillaries (Type II); (3) sinusoidal or venule-like microvessels (Type III), and (4) abnormal arteriole-like microvessels (Type IV). All endothelial cells, basement membranes and periendothelial cells in the tumor tissue demonstrated changes in structure. The most striking alterations occurred in the endothelial cells; there were abnormal endothelial tight junctions, altered pinocytotic activity, and thickening. In the tracer study, the reaction product of HRP was present around some sinusoidal or venule-like microvessels (Type III) and extended to the widened extracellular spaces around the microvessels. The endothelial cells of Type III microvessels showed decreased nuclear and mitochondrial fractions, and increased euchromatin content and a rough endoplasmic reticulum fraction. The pinocytotic vesicles with the HRP reaction product in the endothelial cells were not increased in number. Fenestrations and gaps of the endothelial cells were observed. These alterations of the endothelial cells of sinusoidal or venule-like microvessels (Type III) are considered to be the main cause of breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in this tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690311
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrary effect of lactic acid on expression of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein in human glioma cells (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 506-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Lactic acid ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ; Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) ; Vimentin ; Astrocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the effect of lactic acid on cultured human glioma cell lines expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin and neuronspecific enolase (NSE). The growth of the cells was inhibited by the lactic acid in a dose-dependent manner. At 56 mM of lactic acid, the surviving cells of the KNS-42-c2 cell line developed slender processes and increasingly formed bizzar giant cells. In an immunofluorescence study of the lactic acid-resistant cells, the GFAP-positive cells prominently decreased in number, while the NSE-positive cells clearly increased. The vimentin was not affected throughout the experiment. After removing lactic acid from the medium, the GFAP-positive cells gradually increased in number. The method of dot immunoassay was useful for quantifying GFAP in cellular extracts. It indicated that the amount of GFAP decreased in the cells cultured with lactate-containing media and increased to the primary values after removing the lactic acid. These results may suggest that the morphological and immunochemical diversities of glioma cells are secondarily affected by cellular microenvironments such as lactic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surgical treatment for paediatric patients with moyamoya disease by indirect revascularization procedures (EDAS, EMS, EMAS) (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 98 (1989), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Moyamoya disease ; paediatric case ; surgical treatment ; indirect non-anastomotic EC-IC bypass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Surgical results of paediatric patients with Moyamoya disease who were treated by indirect revascularization procedures are reported. Encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS), encephalomyo-arterio-synangiosis (EMAS), and/or encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) were performed on 47 sides of 29 children with Moyamoya disease. The results of those non-anastomotic EC-IC bypass procedures were evaluated clinically, angiographically, and by computed tomography (CT). Postoperative external carotid angiograms showed a good collateral formation through EDAS, EMAS, or EMS in about 70–80 percent of all surgically treated sides. The symptoms such as TIA, RIND, and/or involuntary movements disappeared in the cases with a good collateral formation but not in those with insufficient development of the collateral circulation. The indirect EC-IC bypass surgery seems effective for most of the children with Moyamoya disease who present with ischaemic signs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01407339
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiosensitivity of meningioma-analysis of five cases of highly vascular meningioma treated by preoperative irradiation (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 36 (1977), S. 47-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preoperative60Co-irradiation was given in five cases of highly vascular meningioma. Radiation doses ranged from 3,000 to 6,000 rads and were delivered over periods from 17 to 45 days. In one case of tentorial meningioma preoperative irradiation produced a marked reduction in the size and the vascularity of the tumour, as seen on the angiograms, and of the hot area in the brain scan. Papilloedema and abducens palsy also improved. After irradiation the tumour was totally removed. Histopathologically the tumour was a meningioma resembling a haemangiopericytoma. Coagulation necrosis of the parenchyma of the tumour was prominent. In the other four cases (three of meningothelioma type and one of haemangioblastoma type) the preoperative irradiation caused little or no change in the angiograms or in the brain scans. A mild clinical improvement occurred in one case, but deterioration took place in other cases. It may be concluded that preoperative irradiation gives little or no beneficial effect on meningiomas other than those of certain types, such as those resembling haemangiopericytomas, or malignant meningiomas. The clinical and radiological differential diagnosis between the usual types of meningioma and those which are either malignant or resemble haemangiopericytomas is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405986
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