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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; VLDL metabolism ; LDL metabolism ; human macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The very low- and low-density lipoprotein fractions were isolated from 16 normolipidaemic Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in good to fair glycaemic control and from corresponding age-, sex-, and race-matched, non-diabetic control subjects. Rates of cholesteryl ester synthesis averaged 268±31 vs 289±40 pmol 14C-cholesteryl oleate·-mg cell protein−1·20 h−1 for very low- and 506±34 vs 556±51 pmol 14C-cholesteryl oleate·mg cell protein−1·20 h−1 for low-density lipoproteins isolated from the Type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects, respectively, when they were incubated with human macrophages. A group of approximately one-third of the patients was selected for separate analyses because very low-density lipoproteins isolated from these patients did stimulate more cholesteryl ester synthesis when incubated with macrophages. There were no significant differences in the lipid composition of the lipoproteins isolated from the three groups of subjects. The relative proportion of apoprotein C to apoprotein E was significantly decreased (p〈0.002) in the very low-density lipoproteins from diabetic patients and was further decreased in samples from these selected diabetic patients. The apoprotein C-I content of very low-density lipoproteins isolated from diabetic patients was increased compared to control subjects and was further increased in samples from the selected diabetic patients (p〈0.02). There were no significant differences in the proportions of apoproteins C-III-0, C-III-1, or C-III-2 among the three groups. These studies suggest that in normolipidaemic Type 2 diabetic patients, the apoprotein composition of VLDL is abnormal and this may alter VLDL macrophage interactions and thus contribute to the increased prevalence of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Endothelial cells ; very low density lipoprotein subfractions ; diabetes mellitus ; atherosclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction was isolated from 11 normolipidaemic Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in good to fair glycaemic control and from 11 age-, sex- and race-matched, non-diabetic, control subjects. The rate of receptor-mediated degradation by human endothelial cells was significantly greater (p〈0.02) for the total VLDL fraction isolated from diabetic patients compared to control subjects and averaged 1008±300 and 717±150 ng·mg cell protein−1·16 h−1, respectively. The total VLDL fraction was separated into three subfractions: VLDL-I, Sf 100–400 (Sf = Svedberg units); VLDL-II, Sf 60–100; VLDL-III, Sf20–60. Rates of receptor-mediated degradation of VLDL-I and VLDL-II isolated from diabetic patients were significantly greater than the comparable subfraction isolated from control subjects and averaged 1023±279 vs 361±122 (p〈0.01) and 433±70 vs 294±70 ng·mg cell protein−1·16 h−1 (p〈0.03), respectively. Rates of receptor-mediated degradation of the V-III subfraction isolated from the two groups did not differ significantly. There were no significant differences in the chemical composition or in the plasma concentrations of the VLDL subfractions isolated from diabetic patients compared to control subjects. There was a significant increase in the apoprotein E content of VLDL-I (p〈0.01) and VLDL-II (p〈0.05) isolated from diabetic patients. There was a significant increase in the ratio of apoprotein C compared to apoprotein E (p〈0.03) in VLDL-I isolated from control subjects compared to the diabetic patients. There were no significant differences in the apoprotein composition of VLDL-III isolated from the two groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Les vésicules de la NA du nerf splénique de Bœuf ont été obtenues par gradient de centrifugation («sucrose-heavy water»), Le rapport NA/protéine observé est de 4 à 7 fois plus élevé que celui qui a été mentionné précédemment. L'examen préliminaire de cette fraction, par microscopie électronique, révèle une couche importante et pratiquement pure de vésicules à la surface du sédiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 89 (1985), S. 4908-4914 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 609-609 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ultramicrotome sections were taken from the region immediately below the surface of the tissue, which was post fixed in 1 per cent osmium tetroxide and embedded in 'Epon'. Electron micrographs were taken with a 'Siemens Elmiskop P. Fig. 1 shows a section taken from an experimental 4 day embryonic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Highly purified noradrenergic, large, dense-cored vesicles were isolated from bovine sympathetic nerve endings by sucrose-D2O density gradient centrifugation. Their concentration of glycoprotein hexosamine and sialic acid was 6.6 and 3.9 μmol/100 mg lipid-free dry weight, respectivly. values which are similar to those previously found in vine chromaffin granules. However, whereas chromaffin granule glycoproteins are characterized by their high proportion of N-acetylgalactosamine-containing O-glycosidically-linked oligosaccharides (present in the chromo-granins), such oligosaccharides accounted for only 17% of those in noradrenergic synaptic vesicle glycoproteins. Fractionation of N-3H-acetylated glycopeptides by sequential lectin affinity chromatography demonstrated that approxi-mtely two-thirds of the oligosaccharides were of the triand tetraantennary complex type, accompanied by 14% biantennary oligosaccharides and 3% high-mannose oligosaccharides. The vesicles had a relatively low concentration of chondroitin sulfate (less than 5% of that in chromaffin granules) but significant amounts of heparan sulfate (0.4 μmol N-acetylglucosamine/100 mg lipid-free dry weight). No hyaluronic acid was detected. The concentration of ganglioside sialic acid in the noradrenergic vesicles was approximately 1 μmol/100 mg lipid-free dry weight, which is significantly higher than that of a crude membrane mixture from which the vesicles were prepared; the ratio of N-acetyl-to N-glycolylneuraminic acid was 0.8. Several molecular species of gangliosides were detected by thin-layer chromatography, but most of these did not exactly comigrate with bovine brain gangliosides. Cholera toxin binding indicated that approximately half or less of the gangliosides belong to the gangliotetraose series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —Dopamine β-hydroxylase was used as a marker enzyme for sympathetic nerve vesicles which were studied by density gradient technique in bovine splenic nerves. The enzyme analyses were complicated by the occurrence of inhibitors which had to be carefully neutralized with copper. The inhibitor was mainly found in the soluble fraction and no evidence for the occurrence of endogenous inhibitors in the nerve vesicles was obtained.A great variation in density of the dopamine β-hydroxylase containing particles was observed. This was probably mainly due to the variation in vesicle maturation since dopamine β-hydroxylase was distributed more towards the lighter gradient fractions in the proximal nerve segment preparations compared with intrasplenic nerve segment preparations. Noradrenaline/protein and noradrenaline/dopaminc β-hydroxylase ratios were found to be increased about 1·7-fold in the vesicle fraction isolated from the proximal nerve segments to those from the intrasplenic segments. A further increase of the noradrenaline/dopamine β-hydroxylase ratio was observed in a fraction with the same density isolated from the spleen. On the basis of these findings the noradrenaline/protein ratio was calculated to be about 500-600 nmol/mg in the nerve terminal vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 28 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) content and activity of large dense-core noradrenergic vesicles purified from bovine splenic nerve were determined using two assay procedures : enzymic activity expressed in Units per mg protein and homospecific activity based on radioimmunoassay expressed in Units per mg DβH antigen. Approximately two-thirds of the total enzyme activity is latent in these vesicles, even after various treatments designed to compromise vesicle integrity. DβH can be completely unmasked by brief treatment with 0.01-0.05% Triton X-100 and activity increases from 0.20 to 0.64 Units per mg vesicle protein. Calculations based on both assay methods suggested that an average of 7% (range 3-15%) of the total vesicle protein was DβH and that the average vesicle contained about 4 molecules of enzyme (range 2-9 molecules). The estimated homospecific activities indicated an average of 25 and 50% (range 18-72%) of the vesicle enzyme was inactive in the various samples using the two antibodies. The vesicle can synthesize up to 30 molecules of noradrenaline/s per molecule of DβH at near optimal substrate concentration, and 60-270 molecules of norepinephrine/s per vesicle. The assumptions used in the various calculations were critically analyzed and, based on the methods employed, it is tentatively considered to be unlikely that there could be more than 5-12 molecules of DβH per vesicle. The possibility that circulating DβH originates primarily, if not exclusively, from the large dense-core vesicle type is considered and the functional implications of the data support the concept of vesicle reuse during several cycles of exocytosis involving a quantal size equal to a fraction of the vesicle transmitter content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes ; LDL metabolism ; glycosylated LDL ; cholesteryl ester synthesis ; human macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis. In this study we aimed to demonstrate whether there is an abnormal interaction between low-density lipoproteins from diabetic patients and human macrophages. We measured cholesteryl ester synthesis and cholesteryl ester accumulation in human monocytederived macrophages (obtained from non-diabetic donors) incubated with low density lipoproteins from Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in good or fair glycaemic control. Low density lipoproteins from the diabetic patients stimulated more cholesteryl ester synthesis than low density lipoproteins from non-diabetic control subjects (7.19±1.19 vs 6.11±0.94 nmol/mg cell protein/20 h, mean±SEM, p〈0.05). The stimulation of cholesteryl ester synthesis by low density lipoproteins isolated from diabetic patients was paralleled by a significant increase in intracellular cholesteryl ester accumulation (p〈0.02). There were no significant differences in the lipid composition of low density lipoproteins between the diabetic and control groups. Non-enzymatic glycosylation of low density lipoproteins was higher in the diabetic group (p〈0.01) and correlated significantly with cholesteryl ester synthesis (r=0.58). Similarly, low-density lipoproteins obtained from non-diabetic subjects and glycosylated in vitro stimulated more cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages than control low density lipoproteins. The increase in cholesteryl ester synthesis and accumulation by cells exposed to low density lipoproteins from diabetic patients seems to be mediated by an increased uptake of these lipoproteins by macrophages. This study suggests that glycosylation of low density lipoproteins to the extent occurring in diabetes may alter their interaction with human monocyte-derived macrophages and may lead to increased intracellular cholesteryl ester accumulation. The results suggest a possible mechanism by which hyperglycaemia may contribute to the acceleration of atherosclerosis in diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 23 (1993), S. 355-356 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 3-year-old boy with a radiographic finding of an isolated invaginated Meckel's diverticulum is presented. The abnormality simulates a polypoid filling defect in the distal small bowel on barium examination. This particular manifestation of Meckel's diverticulum is very rare and has been reported only once previously. This article re-emphasizes the need to think about this possibility when a polypoid filling defect is seen in the distal small bowel. At the time laparotomy was performed, the abnormality had progressed into a triple intussusception, a rare surgical finding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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