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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 108 (1991), S. 134-139 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Focal cerebral ischaemia ; hydroxyethyl-starch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a model of focal cerebral ischaemia in the cat (transorbital occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes, thereafter 6 hours reperfusion by clip removal), hydroxyethyl-starch (HAES) (ELOHES; Leopold Pharma GmbH, Graz, Austria) was administered intravenously before and during the ischaemic episode as a 6% or as a 10% solution in a randomised manner (6 animals each group). The size of the developing cerebral infarct was not significantly different when comparing the 6% and the 10% group with the controls (SALINE). Collateral circulation to the infarct border (pial arteries on the suprasylvian gyrus) was also not significantly different between the two groups, except for the first hour of reperfusion, where vessels of the 6% group were wider than vessels of the 10% group. At the infarct border (ectosylvian gyrus) small resistance vessels were significantly more dilated in the 6% than in the 10% group both during the occlusion period and during the reperfusion episode after removal of the clip. Pial arteries dilated less in both HAES-groups than in the controls. It can be assumed, that HAES-incuded decrease of plasma viscosity led to an elevation of blood flow velocity and blood flow quantity (CBF). But the latter might be counteracted by autoregulation of CBF, i.e. vasoconstriction. Thus, a possible positive effect of HAES might in part be counteracted by autoregulation, which explaines that no significant therapeutic effect could be achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Early human CNS development ; Immunohistochemistry ; Synaptophysin ; Chromogranin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aim of the present study was to establish different immunohistochemical staining patterns for a subsequent comparison with those of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) subsets, i.e. PNET-NOS (not otherwise specified) or PNET with focal neuronal, astrocytic or ependymal differentiation, to relate neoplastic to embryonal development. Tissue of the developing central nervous system, with special emphasis on the stepwise development of the rhombencephalon, the cerebellar and the retinal anlage, from 20 different human embryos and fetuses ranging from 3 to 30 weeks of gestational age (GA) was examined. Six neuronal markers, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament protein (NFP; 160 kDa, 200 kDa, 70 and 200 kDa) and six other markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, vimentin, myoglobin, desmin, cytokeratin, were assessed immunohistochemically. GFAP and S-100 protein appeared at the 6th week of GA in primitive glial cells of the cerebellar anlage, brain stem, rhombencephalon, and developing spinal cord, together with-as first neuronal marker-chromogranin A, then NFP (70 and 200 kDa, and 160 kDa) from the 8th week onward. NSE started in the 11th week and synaptophysin not earlier than the 16th week of GA. Interestingly, the differentiation of the retinal anlage started rather late with NSE positivity beginning from the 16th week and positive reactions to synaptophysin and NFPs only from the 25th and chromogranin A from the 28th week of GA onward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 67 (1985), S. 341-344 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma ; Brain metastases ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of a 14-year-old girl is reported in whom an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma occurred in the soft tissues of the left forearm 4 years prior to death. Despite extensive surgery as well as chemotherapy and radiotherapy the tumor recurred locally and produced extensive metastases including a metastasis to the brain. Cerebral metastases have not yet been reported in the literature despite extensive reports on the pathology of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The morphological diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma was supported by the immunohistochemical demonstration of desmin, myosin, and myoglobin in the tumor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 67 (1985), S. 329-331 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Malignant thymoma ; Carcinomatous meningeosis ; CSF cytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a 57-year-old male patient meningitic symptoms occurred. CSF cytology exhibited carcinoma cells, thus establishing the diagnosis of carcinomatous meningeosis. The primary site of the tumor or metastases were not detected intra vitam. The autopsy revealed a malignant thymoma with an exclusive metastatic participation of the leptomeninges except for some few regional lymph nodes. Cerebral metastases of malignant thymoma is an extremely rare condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Retinoblastoma ; primitive neuro ectodermal tumour ; radio-/chemotherapy ; second primary malignancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebral primitive neuro-ectodermal tumour (PNET) occurring as a second primary malignancy in childhood is exceedingly rare. We present a 7-year-old boy who developed a proven supratentorial PNET five years after enucleation and radio-/chemotherapy for a sporadic, unilateral retinoblastoma with optic nerve invasion. The association with this malignant eye disease as well as the effect of irradiation and multi-agent chemotherapy on second tumour induction are evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Nd∶YAG laser ; cerebral tissue changes ; pial vessels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experimental brain lesions were created by Nd∶YAG laser (wave length 1.06 μm) irradiation on the cerebral cortex of anaesthesized adult cats with 20 Watts impacts of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 seconds exposure time through cranial windows. Histological changes, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (Evans blue extravasation) and pial vessel reaction (large vessels more than 100 μm and vessels smaller than 100 μm) were studied under constant PaCO2, blood pH, and mean arterial pressure. Histological changes of the lesions consisted of a zone of dense coagulation, a pale zone of homogeneous coagulation and an oedematous zone. Evans blue extravasation was uniformly seen extending from the histologically changed area into the surrounding tissue in all experiments. Pial arteries in the area with morphological changes showed pronounced dilatation (100.0±7.2%) and one third of these arteries were closed by thrombi. Pial arteries in the area of Evans blue extravasation but outside of histological changes also dilated (large arteries 60±4.1%, small arteries 77±5.9%). Pial arteries outside of the Evans blue extravasation were affected transiently and only in a very small zone: Within a distance of 200 μm from the Evans blue extravasation, large arteries initially dilated by 41±8.3%; small arteries dilated within 400 μm (42±3.7%). Within 4 minutes after irradiation arterial dilatation was again significantly reduced (p〈0.01). It is concluded that no important vascular changes occur beyond the zones of histologically altered brain tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Primitive neuroectodermal tumour; intraspinal neoplasm; Ewing tumour.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ Two patients with primary intraspinal primitive neuroectodermal tumour are presented. In a 32-year-old man, the tumour evolved intradurally from a sacral nerve root. Despite repeated surgery and radiochemotherapy, the patient suffered multiple intraspinal tumour relapses and intracranial seedings, and died 29 months after the first diagnosis. In a 17-year-old male adolescent, the tumour was located in the lumbar epidural space, extending into the paraspinal muscles. Following resection and radiochemotherapy, the patient is free from disease 23 months after the initial presentation. The clinical, radiological, histopathological and cytogenetic findings of both patients are presented and the relevant literature is reviewed. Particular attention is given to the histogenetic relationship between peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour and Ewing's sarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 601-602 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 5 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lansoprazole (AG 1749) is a novel substituted benzimidazole which inhibits gastric acid secretion by blocking H+, K+-ATPase. This randomized, double-blind multicentre trial studied the dose–response relationship of lansoprazole on ulcer healing and compared it with ranitidine in 314 out-patients with endoscopically assessed, symptomatic duodenal ulcer. Cumulative healing rates with Lansoprazole 7.5, 15, and 30 mg o.m. were 48, 59, and 74% at 2 weeks and 75, 84, and 95 % at 4 weeks, respectively (intention-to-treat); the difference of the healing rates between 7.5 and 30 mg groups was significant (P 〈 0.001).Corresponding healing rates for 300 mg ranitidine nocte were 51 and 89 %. Pain relief was similar in all treatment groups. Lansoprazole was well tolerated. During a follow-up of 6 months relapse rates after lansoprazole 7.5, 15, and 30 mg were 21, 29, and 22%, respectively; the relapse rate after ranitidine 300 mg was 20%. In conclusion, lansoprazole provides faster healing of duodenal ulcer than ranitidine and a similar relapse pattern. For further trials in peptic ulcer disease a daily dose of lansoprazole 30 mg o.m. is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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