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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 440 (2006), S. 611-611 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The relation between quantum mechanics and higher brain functions, including consciousness, is often discussed, but is far from being understood. Physicists, ignorant of modern neurobiology, are tempted to assume a formal or even dualistic view of the mind–brain problem. Meanwhile, cognitive ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 420 (2002), S. 320-324 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Multiplicative operations are important in sensory processing, but their biophysical implementation remains largely unknown. We investigated an identified neuron (the lobula giant movement detector, LGMD, of locusts) whose output firing rate in response to looming visual stimuli has been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 391 (1998), S. 245-250 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The many distinct cortical areas of the macaque monkey visual system can be arranged hierarchically, but not in a unique way. We suggest that the connections between these cortical areas never form strong, directed loops. For connections between the visual cortex and particular thalamic nuclei, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 385 (1997), S. 207-210 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Over the past few decades, neural networks have provided the dominant framework for understanding how the brain implements the computations necessary for its survival. At the heart of these networks are simplified and static models of nerve cells. But neuroscience is undergoing a revolution, and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 408 (2000), S. 357-361 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Vivid visual images can be voluntarily generated in our minds in the absence of simultaneous visual input. While trying to count the number of flowers in Van Gogh's Sunflowers, understanding a description or recalling a path, subjects report forming an image in their “mind's eye”. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 411 (2001), S. 893-893 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To what extent are we conscious of everything going on in our brains? Nietzsche and Freud popularized the notion of the unconscious as a realm of the mind that controls human behaviour but is not itself accessible to conscious introspection or knowledge. By 'unconscious' we mean any neuronal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 335 (1988), S. 213-214 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT HAS become very fashionable in the past few years to investigate various aspects of the nervous system from a theoretical point of view. Indeed 'experimental neuroscience' (until recently, quite simply 'neuroscience') has acquired a twin, 'computational neuroscience'. This new field is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of computational neuroscience 1 (1994), S. 141-158 
    ISSN: 1573-6873
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We propose a model for the neuronal implementation of selective visual attention based on temporal correlation among groups of neurons. Neurons in primary visual cortex respond to visual stimuli with a Poisson distributed spike train with an appropriate, stimulus-dependent mean firing rate. The spike trains of neurons whose receptive fields donot overlap with the “focus of attention” are distributed according to homogeneous (time-independent) Poisson process with no correlation between action potentials of different neurons. In contrast, spike trains of neurons with receptive fields within the focus of attention are distributed according to non-homogeneous (time-dependent) Poisson processes. Since the short-term average spike rates of all neurons with receptive fields in the focus of attention covary, correlations between these spike trains are introduced which are detected by inhibitory interneurons in V4. These cells, modeled as modified integrate-and-fire neurons, function as coincidence detectors and suppress the response of V4 cells associated with non-attended visual stimuli. The model reproduces quantitatively experimental data obtained in cortical area V4 of monkey by Moran and Desimone (1985).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of computational neuroscience 2 (1995), S. 63-82 
    ISSN: 1573-6873
    Keywords: voltage threshold ; current threshold ; action potential initiation ; integrate-and-fire models ; single cell models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The majority of neural network models consider the output of single neurons to be a continuous, positive, and saturating firing ratef(t), while a minority treat neuronal output as a series of delta pulses ∑δ (t — t i ). We here argue that the issue of the proper output representation relates to the biophysics of the cells in question and, in particular, to whether initiation of somatic action potentials occurs when a certain thresholdvoltage or a thresholdcurrent is exceeded. We approach this issue using numerical simulations of the electrical behavior of a layer 5 pyramidal cell from cat visual cortex. The dendritic tree is passive while the cell body includes eight voltage- and calcium-dependent membrane conductances. We compute both the steady-state (I ∞ static (V m )) and the instantaneous (I o (Vm)) I–V relationships and argue that the amplitude of the local maximum inI ∞ static (V m ) corresponds to the current thresholdI th for sustained inputs, while the location of the middle zero-crossing ofI o corresponds to a fixed voltage thresholdV th for rapid inputs. We confirm this using numerical simulations: for “rapid” synaptic inputs, spikes are initiated if the somatic potential exceedsV th, while for slowly varying inputI th must be exceeded. Due to the presence of the large dendritic tree, no charge thresholdQ th exists for physiological input. Introducing the temporal average of the somatic membrane potential 〈(V m)〉 while the cell is spiking repetitively, allows us to define a dynamic I-V relationship ∞ dynamic (〈(V m)〉). We find an exponential relationship between 〈(V m)〉 and the net current sunk by the somatic membrane during spiking (diode-like behavior). The slope ofI∞/dynamic(〈(V m))〉 allows us to define a dynamic input conductance and a time constant that characterizes how rapidly the cell changes its output firing frequency in response to a change in its input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of computational neuroscience 6 (1999), S. 169-184 
    ISSN: 1573-6873
    Keywords: extracellular field potential ; volume conduction ; branch point failure ; axon hillock/initial segment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ephaptic interactions between a neuron and axons or dendrites passing by its cell body can be, in principle, more significant than ephaptic interactions among axons in a fiber tract. Extracellular action potentials outside axons are small in amplitude and spatially spread out, while they are larger in amplitude and much more spatially confined near cell bodies. We estimated the extracellular potentials associated with an action potential in a cortical pyramidal cell using standard one-dimensional cable theory and volume conductor theory. Their spatial and temporal pattern reveal much about the location and timing of currents in the cell, especially in combination with a known morphology, and simple experiments could resolve questions about spike initiation. From the extracellular potential we compute the ephaptically induced polarization in a nearby passive cable. The magnitude of this induced voltage can be several mV, does not spread electrotonically, and depends only weakly on the passive properties of the cable. We discuss their possible functional relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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