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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Energy & fuels 2 (1988), S. 589-593 
    ISSN: 1520-5029
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Db/db mice ; insulin resistance ; streptozotocin ; receptor down-regulation ; hyperglycaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A bolus injection of insulin dose-dependently reduced plasma glucose levels in genetically diabetic (db/db) mice and their normoglycaemic littermates (+/+ mice) aged 5, 8 and 12 weeks. Compared between the groups, the dose-response curves showed that insulin resistance was already present in the 5-week-old db/db mice when they were still normoglycaemic. The minimum effective dose of insulin was lower in the +/+ (32 Μg/kg) than in the db/db (100 Μg/kg) mice and the maximum response which was obtained at 320–1000 Μg/kg of the hormone was higher in the former (about 80%) than in the latter (about 55%). Although the basal plasma glucose levels in the db/db mice were significantly increased with age as compared with those in the +/+ mice, the insulin response curves were identical in the db/db mice from 5 to 12 weeks of age. The number of insulin binding sites were significantly decreased by 22–50% (5–12-week-old) in the liver plasma membrane from the db/db mice compared with that from the +/+ mice, while its affinity was not significantly changed between the groups. Streptozotocin (100 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment increased the number of insulin receptors in the db/db mice to a number comparable with those in the +/+ mice. Coinciding with the change, the hypoglycaemic action of insulin was slightly enhanced in the streptozotocin-treated db/db mice compared with that in nontreated db/db mice, but was still considerably depressed when compared with that in +/+ mice. It is concluded that a simple dose-response study using a bolus injection of insulin can detect insulin resistance in db/db mice which occurred before the manifestation of hyperglycaemia and remained constant during the course of developing hyperglycaemia. Down-regulation of insulin receptors due to the hyperinsulinaemia may play only a part in the insulin resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Db/db mice, insulin resistance, streptozotocin, receptor down-regulation, hyperglycaemia.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A bolus injection of insulin dose-dependently reduced plasma glucose levels in genetically diabetic (db/db) mice and their normoglycaemic littermates (+/+ mice) aged 5, 8 and 12 weeks. Compared between the groups, the dose-response curves showed that insulin resistance was already present in the 5-week-old db/db mice when they were still normoglycaemic. The minimum effective dose of insulin was lower in the +/+ (32 µg/kg) than in the db/db (100 µg/kg) mice and the maximum response which was obtained at 320–1000 µg/kg of the hormone was higher in the former (about 80 %) than in the latter (about 55 %). Although the basal plasma glucose levels in the db/db mice were significantly increased with age as compared with those in the +/+ mice, the insulin response curves were identical in the db/db mice from 5 to 12 weeks of age. The number of insulin binding sites were significantly decreased by 22–50 % (5–12-week-old) in the liver plasma membrane from the db/db mice compared with that from the +/+ mice, while its affinity was not significantly changed between the groups. Streptozotocin (100 mg/kg, i. p.) treatment increased the number of insulin receptors in the db/db mice to a number comparable with those in the +/+ mice. Coinciding with the change, the hypoglycaemic action of insulin was slightly enhanced in the streptozotocin-treated db/db mice compared with that in non-treated db/db mice, but was still considerably depressed when compared with that in +/+ mice. It is concluded that a simple dose-response study using a bolus injection of insulin can detect insulin resistance in db/db mice which occurred before the manifestation of hyperglycaemia and remained constant during the course of developing hyperglycaemia. Down-regulation of insulin receptors due to the hyperinsulinaemia may play only a part in the insulin resistance. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 739–744]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 74 (1913), S. 30-44 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Ergebnis der vorliegenden Arbeit läßt sich folgendermaßen zusammenfassen: Es gelingt bei der von mir angewandten Methode nicht, die spezifische Eiweißnatur von Organstückchen, die jahrelang in absolutem Alkohol gelegen haben, mit Hilfe der anaphylaktischen Reaktion noch festzustellen. Systematische Untersuchungen über die Wirkung des Alkohols in verschiedenen Konzentrationen auf Pferdefleischeiweiß ergaben, daß sämtliche antigenen Fähigkeiten des Eiweißes im Verlauf der Einwirkung des Alkohols verloren gehen, und zwar hängt die Raschheit des Verlustes ab von der Konzentration des Alkohols. Dabei zeigte sich ein scheinbarer Widerspruch: In den Versuchen, wo die Wirkung des Alkohols auf frische Fleischstückchen untersucht wurde, war die Wirkung des Alkohols um so stärker, je konzentrierter er war. Dagegen war in den Versuchen, wo die Wirkung des Alkohols auf getrocknetes Fleisch untersucht wurde, die stärkste Wirkung nicht beim absoluten Alkohol, sondern beim 60 prozentigen Alkohol. Dieser Widerspruch ist nur ein scheinbarer. Wird absoluter Alkohol zu frischen Fleischstücken zugesetzt, so wird er durch den Wassergehalt des Fleisches bald verdünnt, so daß also eine viel schwächere Konzentration des Alkohols resultiert. Man kann also sagen, daß die stärkste Wirkung von 60- bis 70 prozentigem Alkohol ausgeübt wird, und dieses Ergebnis steht im Einklang mit früheren Feststellungen, daß auch 60- bis 70 prozentiger Alkohol eine stärkere keimtötende Wirkung besitzt, als absoluter Alkohol. Was im einzelnen die Wirkung des Alkohols auf die verschiedenen antigenen Eigenschaften des Pferdefleischeiweißes betrifft, so zeigte sich allgemein, daß zuerst die anaphylaktogenen, sodann die für die Komplementbindung nötigen antigenen und zuletzt die präzipitinogenen Fähigkeiten zerstört werden. Formalin wirkt noch stärker als die wirksamste Alkoholkonzentration zerstörend auf sämtliche antigenen Fähigkeiten des Pferdefleisches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 280 (1988), S. 108-113 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Xanthoma ; Foam cell ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Cholesterol ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Xanthoma was produced in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits by intradermal dextran sulfate injections. The serum cholesterol level returned to the normal range at about 10 weeks after ending the cholesterol diet. Gross observations after cessation of the cholesterol diet revealed a decrease in xanthomatous infiltrations. However, the dense foam cell infiltrations and cholesterol accumulations showed no signs of regression at even 9 months after ending the cholesterol diet. Signs of foam cell migration into the blood stream were not observed. The peristence of the xanthoma may be due to a lack of acceptors, such as high-density lipoproteins, that remove the cholesterol from the foam cells. During our 9-month observation period, some foam cells were degenerated and a few were fused with each other to transform into Touton-type giant cells. Nonfoamy histiocytes were infiltrated around these degenerating foam cells. The histiocytes may have transformed into foam cells by incorporating the lipids of the degenerated foam cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 542-548 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoblasts ; Epidermal growth factor ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on clone MC3T3-El cells that have osteoblastic activity was examined by phase-contrast microscopy and electron microscopy; hydroxyproline content, collagen synthesis, collagen pattern, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were also determined. We found that EGF (0.4 ng/ml) transformed the cells from their normal polygonal shape to a spindle-like morphology by 8 h. This hormone also caused dose-related suppression of hydroxyproline content and ALP activity which was detectable 2 days and 1 day, respectively, after EGF addition. Indomethacin did not affect hydroxyproline content and ALP activity, suggesting that the effect of EGF on the cells may not be mediated by prostaglandins. Epidermal growth factor at concentrations of 2 to 50 ng/ml significantly decreased collagen synthesis in the cells, whereas protein synthesis was stimulated. Electron microscopy demonstrated that collagen fiber formation was also reduced by EGF; an immature type of fibril was observed compared with the typical cross-striated one in the controls. Moreover, the hormone treatment also resulted in the appearance of type III collagen in addition to the type I already present in the cells. These suppressive effects of EGF on MC3T3-El cellsin vitro suggest that this hormone may be involved in bone remodellingin vivo as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Copper metabolism ; Menkes disease ; Sibling ; Female ; Hypobetalipoproteinaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe two siblings, a boy and his younger sister, with degenerative neurological disturbances, hypocupraemia and hypobetalipoproteinaemia. The neurological features in both cases were developmental delay, dysarthria, hyperkinetics with an attention deficit, dysdiadochokinesis, night blindness, myoclonic jerks and convulsions. Their serum cooper levels did not increase despite administration of copper sulphate both orally or intravenously. The copper contents of the cultured fibroblasts in the patients were 1.5-fold that of controls. Although neurological disorders associated with abnormal copper metabolism and inherited in an X-linked manner have been previously reported, this is the first report of a neurodegenerative disease concurrent with abnormal copper metabolism and hypobetalipoproteinaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Carbamazepine ; Paediatric patient ; Epilepsy ; carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide ; specific-nonspecific binding ; protein binding ; age effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The in vivo serum protein binding characteristics of carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) were assessed in sera from 23 paediatric patients on CBZ monotherapy. We assumed that CBZ and CBZ-E binding to serum proteins comprised specific binding sites on α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and non-specific binding sites on serum albumin. Therefore, the binding characteristics of each compound were analysed according to specific and nonspecific binding equations. Association constants for drug-AAG binding were 0.096 l·μmol−1 for CBZ and 0.023 l·μmol−1 for CBZ-E. Within the concentration ranges investigated the specific binding of each compound contributes to the drug-serum protein interactions. Age did not show a significant correlation with the serum unbound fraction of each compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Gene Structure and Expression 1218 (1994), S. 163-172 
    ISSN: 0167-4781
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase ; Intestinal alkaline phosphatase ; Monoclonal antibody ; Placental alkaline phosphatase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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