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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-like growth factor-I ; insulin-like growth factor binding proteins ; glucose metabolism ; isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have investigated the relationship between the plasma distribution of infused recominant insulin-like growth factor-I across the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and the resultant effects on glucose and fat metabolism. The studies were performed in 24-h fasted ram lambs which received primed constant infusions of 3H labelled glucose tracer. When isotopic equilibrium had been reached, the animals received 90-min infusions of human insulin-like growth factor-I at various doses (2.5, 20, 40 and 120 μg· kg−1·h−1, n=3 for each dose). Total plasma insulin-like growth factor-I was significantly elevated by infusion at a rate of 40 μg·kg−1·h−1 (from 185±14 μg/l to 442±41 μg/l, p〈0.05) and 120μg·kg−1h−1 (from 181±2 μg/l to 953±39 μg/1, p〈0.005). The plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I not associated with binding proteins remained undetectable (〈15 μg/l) at the end of the 2.5 and 20 μg·kg−1·h−1 doses, but were significantly elevated at the end of the 40 and 120 μg·kg−1·h−1 infusions (to 71±14 μg/l, p〈0.05 and 176±55 μg/l, p〈0.01 respectively). The infused insulin-like growth factor-I associated primarily with 35–60 kilodalton binding proteins. Glucose kinetics were significantly altered only by the highest dose infusion, during which there was a fall in plasma glucose concentration from 3.5±0.2 mmol/l to 1.9±0.2 mmol/l (p〈0.05). This was due to a 51% increase in the rate of glucose clearance. There was no significant change in the rate of glucose production. The plasma concentrations of glycerol and non-esterified fatty acid were not changed by any of the doses infused. We conclude that the hypoglycaemic action of infused recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I relates to a marked elevation of free insulin-like growth factor-I in the plasma, but that a threshold concentration of free insulin-like growth factor-I must be exceeded before this action is observed. The hypoglycaemic action of recominant insulin-like growth factor-I results primarily from an increase in glucose clearance while glucose metabolism was more sensitive than fat metabolism to infused recominant insulin-like growth factor-I. Both these actions contrast with those of insulin, and suggest that the acute metabolic effects of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I are not mediated simply by cross-reaction with insulin receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 17 (1993), S. 154-164 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les évènements physiologiques contemporains des complications septiques postopératoires chez les patients en chirurgie sont une réponse logique à l'invasion bactérienne; leur but est de maintenir les grandes fonctions vitales. Cependant, lorsque l'état septique se prolonge ou est fulminant, les réactions physiologiques normales sont dépassées et des défaillances pluriviscérales surviennent. Cette revue souligne les réponses physiopathologiques à l'infection et les progrès récents accomplis dans le traitement du patient septique postopératoire.
    Abstract: Resumen La sepsis ha sido definida como un proceso de putrefacción con respuesta sistémica; la respuesta sistémica establece la diferencia entre el paciente séptico y el paciente bacterémico. La sepsis y sus complicaciones sistémicas siguen siendo causa principal de morbilidad y mortalidad en los pacientes hospitalizados, con más de medio millón de casos informados anualmente en los Estados Unidos. La incidencia de complicaciones sépticas en los pacientes hospitalizados está en aumento, tal vez debido a la mayor utilización de procedimientos invasivos y de monitoría fisiológica y al más agresivo manejo de los pacientes inmunocomprometidos y de alto riesgo. La respuesta metabólica a la cirugía no complicada es similar a la que se observa en el ayuno simple con mínimo desarreglo sistémico. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de complicaciones sépticas y de shock séptico en el paciente quirúrgico da lugar a una compleja respuesta sistémica que es coordinada por las vías neuroendocrinas activadas por hipotensión, dolor, hipoxia y por las citocinas mediadoras que producen las células blancas activadas en el foco de la infección. El propósito de tal respuesta es el control inmediato de la infección y el mantenimiento de la función de los principales sistemas orgánicos bajo las condiciones de estrés. Pero si el estrés resulta prolongado, la respuesta se asocia con morbilidad significativa y puede dar lugar a la falla orgánica multisistémica. La presente revisión describe la respuesta fisiopatológica en la sepsis y la correlaciona con los avances terapéuticos recientes en el manejo metabólico del paciente séptico postoperatorio.
    Notes: Abstract The physiologic events accompanying postoperative septic complications in surgical patients represent a coordinated response to bacterial invasion, which is aimed at maintaining the function of key organ systems. When sepsis is prolonged or overwhelming, physiologic dysfunction and multiorgan failure develop. This review outlines the pathophysiologic response to sepsis and correlates it with recent therapeutic advances in the metabolic management of the postoperative septic patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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