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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 32 (1993), S. 1525-1526 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 8 (1992), S. 2572-2576 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 51-57 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ; Schock ; Multiorgan-Versagen ; Ethik ; Wirtschaftlichkeit ; Key words Head injury ; Shock ; Multiple organ failure ; Ethics ; Economy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In the early post-traumatic period severe traumatic brain injuries and massive bleeding from disrupted parenchymal organs, large vessels or crush injuries of the pelvis may present as morphological damage that renders survival impossible, although aggressive fluid and blood replacement therapy in conjunction with immediately stopping blood loss surgically may result in survival in selected cases. In contrast, late mortality from multiple organ failure – which in the past limited survival in 10 to 30% of patients in that condition – has in recent years reduced this as the cause of death to less than 5%. Part of the responsibility of the surgeon careing for the severely injured into consider the ethical limitations to avoid futile use of the sophisticated lifesupport measures in the intensive care setting. A threat to optimal care of the severely injured patient may arise from the economical restraints imposed on health-care providers. When one considers the enormous political and socioeconomical importance of rehabilitating the predominantly young trauma patients and reintegrating them into the work world, an appeal has to be made to all those responsible to secure optimal care for severely injured patients in the future.
    Notes: Zusamenfassung In der Frühphase stellen schwerste Schädel-Hirn-Traumen mit therapeutisch unbeeinflußtem Glasgow Coma Scale von 3 Punkten und weiten lichtstarren Pupillen (〉 30–60 min) mit entsprechendem computertomographischem Befund des Hirndruckes (z.B. Mittellinienverlagerung 〉 2 cm) eine nicht überlebbare morphologische Grenze dar. Dasselbe gilt für unstillbare Massenblutungen mit Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand. Dagegen kann in zunehmenden Einzelfällen durch eine aggressive Schocktherapie mit notfallmäßiger operativer Blutstillung ein Überleben erreicht werden. Das sekundäre Versterben am Multiorganversagen, welches in den letzten Jahrzehnten in 10–30% eine Grenze der Behandelbarkeit dargestellt hatte, konnte drastisch reduziert werden. Hohes Lebensalter, Langzeitintensivtherapie und Suicid stellen keine Grenze der Behandelbarkeit dar und führen überwiegend zu einer guten Rehabilitation. Jedoch erfordert eine verantwortungsvolle Schwerstverletzten-Behandlung im Einzelfall auch das Erkennen von ethischen Grenzen, um unter Abschätzung aller die zu erwartende Lebensqualität beeinflussender Faktoren eine lebens- und leidensverlängernde Apparate-Medizin zu vermeiden. Mit den zunehmende reduzierten Ressourcen erscheint die Polytrauma-Versorgung in Zukunft durch ökonomische Grenzen bedroht. Die volkswirtschaftliche Analyse zeigt jedoch, daß durch die deutlich verbesserte Überlebensrate der überwiegend jungen Trauma-Patienten und deren Reintegration in den Arbeitsprozeß und der damit verbundenen Reduzierung der indirekten Sekundärkosten die hohen direkten Behandlungskosten großteils ausgeglichen werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 203-206 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Phospholipases ; Trauma ; Nonpenetrating wounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Phospholipase A serum activity was prospectively studied in 39 patients with multiple trauma. There was no correlation of phospholipase A activity with type or severity of injury. With increasing phospholipase A levels, a rise in mortality was found. A prediction of fatal outcome on an individual basis was not possible. The sensitivity for complications was 90%, whereas the predictive value of the positive test (64%) and specificity (47%) were low. When the behavior of phospholipase A and elastase release were compared, no correlation between these two parameters could be detected. Therefore, PMN leukocytes do not seem to be a major source of phospholipase A in serum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 379-387 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 73.20 ; 82.45
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A survey is given of the study of surface states at metal-electrolyte interfaces, which comprises both crystal-induced and image-potential-induced states. Because the energetic position varies with electrode potential, surface states can be conveniently investigated in an electrochemical cell by electroreflectance spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that crystal-induced surface states can act as a probe for the potential gradient inside the electric double layer and hence can yield valuable information on interfacial properties. Furthermore, the influence of anion adsorption on surface states, the appearance of surface states in thin metal overlayers with increasing film thickness and the monitoring of surface reconstruction by surface states are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 1417-1422 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The energy transfer between Ag atoms and dimers isolated in rare gas matrices has been studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. In the presence of dimers, excitation of the atomic 5s→5p transitions produces not only the emission bands of the Ag atom, but also those of the Ag dimer. This process has been investigated and the mechanism identified as a Förster–Dexter-type energy transfer from silver atoms (donor) to dimers (acceptor). Rise and decay curves of the emissions from atoms and dimers have been analyzed in a concentration dependence study and a critical radius for the energy transfer of 39±5 A(ring) was derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 1575-1580 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The energy dissipation in matrix-isolated silver atoms after pulsed vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation of 4d–5p transitions has been studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The decay behavior of the various fluorescence bands has been analyzed and a model for the relaxation process proposed within the framework of a two-dimensional configuration-coordinate diagram. If minute quantities of Ag2 are present in the matrix, the analysis requires consideration of energy transfer between silver atoms and dimers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 3434-3440 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fluorescence from optically excited Ag atoms in Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices has been investigated in a time-resolved synchrotron-radiation study. A detailed energy dissipation model could be established from a systematic analysis of rise and decay times of all the observed fluorescence bands after pulsed excitation into the Ag (4d105p)2P1/2,3/2 levels, and by setting time windows between the excitation pulses in emission and emission-yield spectroscopy. Although the overall wavelength dependence of the decay time follows the λ3 law, the decay time is independent of λ within a given emission band. Finally, the role of energy transfer between Ag atoms and dimers for the evaluation of decay times is briefly addressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 1147-1151 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optical properties of small Zn clusters, especially of Zn2 and Zn3, isolated in neon have been studied over a wide photon energy range by absorption, emission, and photoelectron spectroscopy. By employing emission yield spectroscopy the optical transitions of the dimer and the trimer could be unequivocally distinguished from those of higher clusters in the matrix. For Zn2, the experimental data compare reasonably well with calculations found in the literature. However, the ground state, which is usually calculated to be nonbinding, is found to be bound. The main absorption bands of at least three more Zn clusters, tentatively assigned to Zn4–Zn6, have been derived from the concomitant growth of bands in a systematic concentration study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 6145-6149 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optical properties of Pd atoms isolated in Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe have been studied in the photon energy range of 2–10 eV by absorption, emission, and emission-yield spectroscopy. Strong matrix effects on the optical transitions are observed which lead to a breakdown of the selection rules and, hence, make a band assignment by AMCOR (atom to matrix correlation) impossible. The unusually large blue shift of the Pd 4d→5p transitions is rationalized by an interstitial site for the Pd atom in all four noble gas matrices. Such a site assignment is supported by the high mobility of the Pd atoms which becomes apparent in annealing experiments. For Pd in Ne, absorption bands due to 4d→4f transitions were found around 8 eV. Finally, a transient-absorption spectrum from a metastable state has been observed, which is in agreement with previously reported MCD measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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