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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous epileptiform activity of ca1 hippocampal neurons in low extracellular calcium solutions (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 51 (1983), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampal slice ; Epileptiform activity ; CA1 pyramidal cells ; Low calcium ; EGTA ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lowering extracellular [Ca2+] in rat hippocampal slices induces spontaneous epileptiform activity in area CA1, which is characterized by rhythmic burst firing of CA1 neurons and by prolonged negative potential shifts at the pyramidal cell body layer. This activity is accompanied by transient decreases of [Na+] and increases of [K+] in the extracellular space. In spite of the complete blockade of synaptic transmission, the wave of epileptiform activity propagates across area CA1. These findings suggest, that non-synaptic mechanisms may play a role in the generation and spread of epileptiform activity in the mammalian CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236813
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hippocampal slices of kindled rats reveal calcium involvement in epileptogenesis (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 57 (1985), S. 404-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Epileptogenesis ; Kindling ; Hippocampal slice ; Extracellular calcium ; Extracellular potassium ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Daily repeated tetanic electrical stimulation (kindling) of the brain may cause a long term enhancement of synaptic transmission and epileptiform activity of progressive severity and generalisation, eventually leading to spontaneous seizures. Evidence for a cellular mechanism underlying kindling has been obtained in vitro in slices from the hippocampus of kindled rats. A marked enhancement in extracellular calcium changes, induced by electrical stimulation or by iontophoresis of excitatory aminoacids was found in kindled tissue. This implies that changes in dendritic calcium conductances are involved in kindling epileptogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236547
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium requirement of long-term depression and rebound potentiation in cerebellar Purkinje neurons
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Seminars in Cell Biology 5 (1994), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1043-4682
    Keywords: Purkinje neuron/cerebellar slice/calcium/long-term depression/rebound
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/scel.1994.1030
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual role of ryanodine-sensitive calcium stores in central neurons (1997)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 29 (1997), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ryanodine-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores are known to play a major role in excitation-contraction coupling in muscles. Although these stores are also abundantly present in central neurons, their functional role in these cells remains unclear. Using fluorometric digital imaging of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+] i ) in rat hippocampal slices, we investigated the dynamic properties of the ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ stores inCA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells. We found that at rest the ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ stores are functioning predominantly as a “sink” for Ca ions responding to an increase in [Ca2+] i with an increase in the amount of Ca ions accumulated inside the stores. If, however, [Ca2+] i increases significantly, as happens during strong neuronal discharges, the ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ stores respond with Ca2+ release, thus acting as an amplifier of the intracellular Ca2+ signal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461229
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic excitation produces a long-lasting rebound potentiation of inhibitory synaptic signals in cerebellar Purkinje cells (1992)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 356 (1992), S. 601-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tight-seal whole-cell recordings7 were obtained from Purkinje cells in cerebellar slices from 12-16-day-old rats8'9. With a high internal Cl~ concentration and holding potentials of -60 or -70 mV, Purkinje cells had spontaneous synaptic inward currents which were completely blocked in the presence ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/356601a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slow transmission of neural activity in hippocampal area CA1 in absence of active chemical synapses (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 307 (1984), S. 69-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Several lines of evidence suggest that K+ accumulation in the extracellular space is responsible for the transmission of neural activity through area CA1 in conditions of blocked chemical synapses. (1) The mean velocity of spread was 1.7 mm s"1, which probably is too slow to be mediated by ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/307069a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-photon Na+ imaging in spines and fine dendrites of central neurons (1999)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 439 (1999), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Dendrite Ion channel Na+-K+-ATPase SBFI Sodium Spines Two-photon imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Dendritic spines are assumed to be the smallest units of neuronal integration. Because of their miniature size, however, many of their functional properties are still unclear. New insights in spine physiology have been provided by two-photon laser-scanning microscopy which allows fluorescence imaging with high spatial resolution and minimal photodamage. For example, two-photon imaging has been employed successfully for the measurement of activity-induced calcium transients in individual spines. Here, we describe the first application of two-photon imaging to measure Na+ transients in spines and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices. Whole-cell patch-clamped neurons were loaded with the Na+-indicator dye SBFI (sodium-binding benzofuran-isophthalate). In situ calibration of SBFI fluorescence with ionophores enabled the determination of the actual magnitude of the [Na+]i changes. We found that back-propagating action potentials (APs) evoked Na+ transients throughout the proximal part of the dendritic tree and adjacent spines. The action-potential-induced [Na+]i transients reached values of 4 mM for a train of 20 APs and monotonically decayed with a time constant of several seconds. These results represent the first demonstration of activity-induced Na+ accumulation in spines. Our results demonstrate that two-photon Na+ imaging represents a powerful tool for extending our knowledge on Na+ signaling in fine cellular subcompartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004249900123
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patch clamp analysis of excitatory synapses in mammalian spinal cord slices (1990)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 417 (1990), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Spinal moto neurones ; Excitatory synaptic transmission ; NMDA and non-NMDA receptors ; Patch clamp ; Thin slice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Excitatory synaptic transmission to visually identified α-moto neurones was studied in thin slice preparations of the neonatal rat spinal cord. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) elicited by stimulation of intraspinal presynaptic fibres were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp technique, following blockade of inhibitory transmission by bath application of strychnine and bicuculline. The EPSCs could be separated pharmacologically into N-methyl-d-aspartate- (NMDA) and non-NMDA-receptor-mediated components, where the contribution of the NMDA-mediated component was significant only at holding potentials more positive than −50 mV. Graded stimulation of intraspinal fibres showed that the NMDA- and the non-NMDA-mediated EPSCs were evoked by activation of presynaptic fibres with similar sensitivities to the stimulation intensity, suggesting that the same presynaptic fibres released the excitatory amino-acid (EAA) activating the two sub-sets of receptors. Studies of the amplitude fluctuations of EPSCs elicited by stimulation of a presumed single fibre revealed similar proportions of transmission failures and similar distributions of both the NMDA- and the non-NMDA-mediated components. These similarities suggest that the EAA transmitter activating the two sub-types of receptors is released from the same set of synaptic boutons and that the receptors are therefore post-synaptically co-localized. In addition the gamma aminobutyric acidB (GABAB) receptor agonist l-baclofen, which is known to decrease transmitter release, changed the amplitude distributions of non-NMDA- and NMDA-receptor-mediated EPSCs into unimodal distributions without affecting the amplitude of the presumed unitary event. The similarity between the transmitter release profiles of the two EAA components further supports the notion of postsynaptic receptor co-localization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00370994
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltage sensitivity of NMDA-receptor mediated postsynaptic currents (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 81 (1990), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: NMDA ; Excitatory postsynaptic current ; Voltage sensitivity ; Patch clamp ; Thin hippocampal slice ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patch-clamp techniques were used to record pharmacologically-isolated N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (NMDA-EPSCs) from dentate granule cells in thin rat hippocampal slices. Membrane voltage modulated these EPSCs in two ways. Firstly, depolarization from resting potential enhanced EPSC amplitudes, as expected for a voltage-dependent block by Mg2+ of synaptically activated NMDA receptor channels. Secondly, depolarization markedly prolonged the time course of decay of NMDA-EPSCs in normal and low extracellular Mg2+. Both mechanisms were complementary in establishing a strong dependence between membrane potential and the amount of charge, namely Ca2+, transferred through synaptically activated NMDA receptor channels, that presumably underlies induction of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230117
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A thin slice preparation for patch clamp recordings from neurones of the mammalian central nervous system (1989)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 414 (1989), S. 600-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Patch clamp ; Brain slice ; Central nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract (1) A preparation is described which allows patch clamp recordings to be made on mammalian central nervous system (CNS) neurones in situ. (2) A vibrating tissue slicer was used to cut thin slices in which individual neurones could be identified visually. Localized cleaning of cell somata with physiological saline freed the cell membrane, allowing the formation of a high resistance seal between the membrane and the patch pipette. (3) The various configurations of the patch clamp technique were used to demonstrate recording of membrane potential, whole cell currents and single channel currents from neurones and isolated patches. (4) The patch clamp technique was used to record from neurones filled with fluorescent dyes. Staining was achieved by filling cells during recording or by previous retrograde labelling. (5) Thin slice cleaning and patch clamp techniques were shown to be applicable to the spinal cord and almost any brain region and to various species. These techniques are also applicable to animals of a wide variety of postnatal ages, from newborn to adult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580998
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