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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin secretory response of diabetics during the period of improvement of glucose tolerance to normal range (1974)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 10 (1974), S. 775-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin response ; oral GTT ; tolbutamide test ; glucose-glucagon-tolbutamide test ; definite diabetes ; prediabetes ; secondary diabetes ; retinopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum insulin responses to 100 g oral glucose, intravenous tolbutamide, and oral glucose plus intravenous glucagon and tolbutamide, were studied in patients who were definitely diabetic but subsequently improved to have normal glucose tolerance following treatment. “Definite diabetes” was diagnosed when the patient had had fasting blood sugar higher than 150 mg/ 100 ml or had clear diabetic retinopathy plus glucose intolerance. This improved group, whether nonobese or obese, had significantly decreased insulin responses during glucose tolerance test and glucose-glucagon-tolbutamide test, but the insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide was not significantly different from the control. In contrast, in the secondary diabetes group, whose glucose intolerance might be attributable to other diseases than diabetes, insulin response to glucose was enhanced, and was normalized when glucose tolerance became normal. The insulin response to glucose of the prediabetes group (i.e. with both parents diabetic) with normal glucose tolerance was intermediate between those of the healthy and diabetes groups. It seems that the low insulin response to glucose is a less easily corrigible feature than glucose intolerance and probably constitutes one of the most fundamental abnormalities in primary diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01219540
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of plasma IRI responses in patients with IGT (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 347-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251018
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubilization of insulin binding and degrading activity from guinea pig kidneys (1979)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 17 (1979), S. 311-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Guinea pig kidney ; insulin binding and degrading activity ; solubilization ; gel filtration ; isoelectric focusing ; concanavalin A-agarose affinity chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin binding and degrading activities were solubilized by a nonionic detergent. Triton X100, from guinea pig kidney particulate fractions (100,000 × g pellet). The solubilized insulin binding activity appeared as a single peak on Sepharose 6B gel filtration with a Stokes radius of 73 A. The pI of the solubilized insulin binding activity determined by flat-bed isoelectric focusing was 5.6. On the other hand, the Stokes radius of the solubilized molecule with insulin degrading activity was 54 Å by the same column with a pI of 5.2. More than 98% of the insulin binding activity could be adsorbed to a column of concanavalin A-agarose, while about 94% of the insulin degrading activity could not be adsorbed to this column. These results strongly suggest that the macromolecule for the insulin binding activity is not identical to that for the insulin degrading activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01235887
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a high glucose diet on insulin binding and insulin action in rat adipocytes (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 468-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: High glucose diet ; insulin receptor ; 2-deoxyglucose uptake ; glucose oxidation ; insulin sensitivity ; insulin responsiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To elucidate the mechanisms whereby changes in dietary composition affect the action of insulin on glucose metabolism, insulin binding and glucose uptake and oxidation have been studied in epididymal fat pad adipocytes from rats fed high glucose diets for 5 and 10 days. After 5 days, insulin binding was increased, due mainly to an increased number of receptors (3.4×105 vs. 2.4×105 sites per cell) in spite of increased plasma insulin levels (3.0±0.2 vs. 2.1±0.1 μg/l; p〈0.05). The maximal response of glucose oxidation to insulin was increased (925±55 vs. 510±58 n moles/2×105 cells/2h; p〈0.01) and the dose-response curve of glucose uptake was shifted to the left. After 10 days, receptor number decreased to the control level and the effect of insulin on glucose uptake and oxidation (% basal) were similar to controls. Thus, in the early stage of high glucose feeding, insulin receptor number, insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake, and insulin responsiveness of glucose oxidation were increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281828
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase in insulin response after treatment of overt maturity-onset diabetes is independent of the mode of treatment (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Improvement of insulin response ; glucose tolerance test ; treatment of diabetes ; diet treatment ; sulphonylurea treatment ; insulin treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The changes in insulin response to a 100 g glucose tolerance test after treatment by diet, sulphonylurea and insulin were compared in non-ketotic diabetic patients who had fasting blood glucose concentrations higher than 160 mg/100 ml. Patients were selected so that their pre-treatment and post-treatment blood glucose levels were comparable between different treatment groups. Their insulin responses were poor initially but increased significantly when the diabetic state was improved by each treatment. The degree of improvement of insulin response was similar between different treatment groups, when their fasting blood glucose decreased below 140 mg/100 ml and the glucose tolerance curves were improved to a similar extent. Preand post-treatment ∑ IRI values (sum of insulin values during glucose tolerance test, mean±SD) were 102±50 and 200±37 μU/ml in diet-treated group (n = 28), 90±40 and 195±53 μU/ml in sulphonylurea-treated-group (n=48), and 83±28 and 193±38 μU/ml in insulin-treated group (n = 13), respectively. The data suggest that the poor insulin response in overt diabetes results not only from an inherent insensitivity of B-cells to glucose but also from the metabolic derangement of diabetes. Poor insulin response and overtly diabetic metabolism seems to form a vicious cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228297
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelationships of microangiopathy, plasma glucose and other risk factors in 3583 diabetic patients: A multinational study (1982)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 22 (1982), S. 412-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes ; retinopathy ; glomerulosclerosis ; microangiopathy ; plasma glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a multinational study, fasting plasma glucose values in 3583 diabetic patients, aged 34–56 years, were related to the characteristics of these subjects and to the presence and severity of microangiopathy as ascertained by standardised methods. The patients were from nine different populations and ranged in number from 193 to 686 per population (London, Warsaw, Berlin (FRG), New Delhi, Tokyo, Havana, Oklahoma Indians, Arizona Pima Indians, and a national sample in Switzerland). In the total group, mean fasting plasma glucose was 8.1 mmol/l for those on diet alone, 9.7 mmol/l for those on oral agents, and 12.7 mmol/l for insulin-treated patients, of whom 25% had values exceeding 16.5 mmol/l. Since many variables were measured in each patient, it was possible to take into account many confounding factors in evaluating the relationship of plasma glucose levels to retinopathy and nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282582
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pancreatic cytokeratin: an antigen of pancreatic exocrine cell autoantibodies in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Pancreatic exocrine cell antibodies ; cytokeratin ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; islet cell antibodies ; pancreatic exocrine cells ; pancreatic islet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Autoantibodies reacting with human pancreatic exocrine cells were investigated by immunofluorescent techniques in 107 patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, 20 first-degree relatives of the Type 1 diabetic patients, 347 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, 34 with alcoholic pancreatitis, 26 with rheumatoid arthritis and 107 normal control subjects. Both immunoblotting analysis and double-immunostaining methods were used to characterize the antigens targeted by the pancreatic exocrine cell autoantibodies. Sera positive for human pancreatic exocrine cell cytoplasm, producing a “fine fibrillar” pattern, were found in 21% (23/107) of the Type 1 diabetic patients. The autoantibodies were present in 39% (15/38) of Type 1 diabetic patients diagnosed within 3 months, and the prevalence decreased with duration of diabetes. The antibodies were of the IgM class in 87% (13/15) of recent-onset Type 1 diabetes cases, but IgG-autoantibodies became more prevalent with increasing duration of diabetes. Three out of 347 (0.9%) Type 2 diabetic patients and 4 of 20 (20%) first-degree relatives of Type 1 diabetic patients had autoantibodies targeted against pancreatic exocrine cells. None of the patients with alcoholic pancreatitis or rheumatoid arthritis and none of the control subjects had these antibodies. Immunoblotting analysis and double-immunostaining demonstrated that the autoantibodies reacted with 40 kilodalton cytokeratin in pancreatic exocrine cell cytoplasm. The antibody was absorbed by the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction of pancreatic extract. These results indicate the presence of distinct autoantibodies to pancreatic exocrine cells in Type 1 diabetes. This suggests the provocative concept that the cytoskeletal system of pancreatic exocrine cells is involved in the pathogenetic process of Type 1 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404641
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of anti-“a-component” antibody — A possible means to differentiate patients with auto-antibodies to endogenous insulin from insulin-treated patients (1975)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 11 (1975), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Anti-a-component antibody ; anti-insulin antibody ; insulin autoimmune syndrome ; hypoglycemia ; monocomponent insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of anti-“a-component” antibody was examined in sera of 4 groups of patients with or without anti-insulin antibody, using 125 I-a-component and the polyethylene glycol precipitation method. 125I-a-component crossreacted with insulin antibody. This cross-reactivity was abolished after preincubation of these sera with monocomponent insulin. The specific anti-“a-component” antibody could be estimated in this procedure. After preincubation with monocomponent insulin, significant binding of 125I-a-component was demonstrated in sera of most patients treated with ordinary commercial insulin, but not in sera of 2 hypoglycemic patients suspected of an insulin autoimmune syndrome. Some cases treated with commercial insulin for less than one year and all cases treated with monocomponent insulin for 7–10 months did not have significant anti-“a-component” antibody. The test for the presence of anti-“a-component” antibody is not definitive but if positive it differentiates “auto-antibodies” from the antibodies produced by injections of commercial insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422317
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Striatonigral degeneration combined with Alzheimer's disease (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 253-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Striatonigral degeneration ; Alzheimer's disease ; Parkonsonism ; Dementia ; Tyrosine hydroxylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An autopsy case with clinical features of progressive parkinsonism and dementia of presenile occurrence was characterized by the following neuropathologic findings: (1) severe degeneration in the striationigral system and (2) widespread occurrence of numerous senile plaques and Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex. We believe this to be a very rare case of striatonigral degeneration combined with Alzheimer's disease, because, as far as we know, only two similar cases have been reported and they had not such typical characteristics of Alzheimer's disease as ours did. In addition, in our case the biochemical examination revealed that the activity of one of the dopamine-synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase, was greatly decreased in the nigro-striato-pallidal system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687749
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinctive, rapid, and easy labeling of diffuse plaques in the Alzheimer brains by a new methenamine silver stain (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 569-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Senile plaques ; Methenamine silver stain ; Alzheimer-type dementia ; Down's syndrome ; Amyloid β protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have developed a new methenamine silver (MS) stain for detecting diffuse plaques distinctively on paraffin-embedded tissue sections of Alzheimer-type dementia, Down'n syndrome, and mentally normal aged brains. This rapid and easy method selectively labels amyloid-related component of senile plaques, but not of kuru plaques found in Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome. Our MS stain shows almost the same staining pattern as that of the β protein immunostaining with formic acid pretreatment. Therefore, new MS stain is appropriate to routine or screening studies for senile plaques including diffuse plaques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296119
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