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  • 1
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 68 (1987), S. 393-405 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Catecholamine ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cerebral cortex ; Nonpyramidal cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using specific antisera against the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in combination with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and/or the avidin-biotin complex method, we have found a new group of TH immunoreactive (TH-I) neurons in the rat cerebral cortex. Numerous TH-I cells were observed all over the isocortex, that is, frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital regions, and in some parts of the allocortex such as the anterior cingulate cortex, the retrosplenial cortex and anterior part of the insular cortex. In contrast, they were rare in the perirhinal cortex, posterior part of the insular cortex, piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampal formation. TH-I cells were situated throughout all cortical layers, but were most concentrated in layer II/III. Although TH-I cells were heterogeneous in shape, the majority were bipolar. All TH-I cells so far examined appeared to be of the nonpyramidal type. The majority of these intrinsic TH-I neurons also contained the GABA-like immunoreactivity and thus could be regarded as a subpopulation of cortical GABAergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 112 (1996), S. 237-243 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Synapse ; Granule cell ; Dentate gyrus ; EM ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Synaptic contacts on the granule cell somata as well as on their axon initial segments in the dentate gyrus of one juvenile 5-week-old rat and one adult 12-week-old rat were analyzed in an electron microscopic serial-sectioning study. In the dentate gyrus of the juvenile rat, somata of 17 granule cells were nearly completely reconstructed from a series of 183 serial sections, and the axon initial segments of 15 of these granule cells were traced in various lengths. On the other hand, in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat, somata of 31 granule cells were almost completely reconstructed from a series of 238 serial sections, and the axon initial segments of 23 of these granule cells were traced in various lengths. Both symmetrical and asymmetrical synapses were observed on the somata, whereas almost all synapses on the axon initial segments were of symmetrical type and asymmetrical synapses on the axon initial segments were rather exceptional. Although we confirmed two conclusions from previous random-section studies to some extent, that is, the superficial-to-deep gradient of synaptic densities on granule cell somata and the presence of a substantial number of asymmetrical synapses on granule cell somata (about 23% of total somatic synapses), the present serial-sectioning study clearly revealed that granule cells vary greatly with regard to the number of synapses on their somata (15–186 in a 5-week-old rat and 9–144 in a 12-week-old rat) and axon initial segments. The granule cells also differed in the proportion of somatic asymmetrical synapses to total synapses they received (0–44% in a 5-week-old rat and 0–60% in a 12-week-old rat). The results of the present study indicated that, when a relatively small number of granule cells are analyzed, one should take the heterogeneity of synaptic contacts on granule cells in number and type into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 108 (1996), S. 389-403 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Calcium binding proteins ; Mossy cell ; Hippocampal formation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Confocal laser scanning light microscope
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Calretinin containing elements were visualized with immunocytochemistry in the adult mouse dentate gyrus (DG). In the ventral DG calretinin immunoreactive (CR-IR) large multipolar cells were clustered; they extended between two and four thick cylindrical dendrites which further branched into several thinner processes. Characteristic grape like spiny appendages were occasionally observed on these thick and thinner dendritic processes. On the basis of these structural features these large CR-IR cells were identified as hilar mossy cells. At the supragranular zone a dense CR-IR band was seen, where numerous CR-IR punctae and fibers were packed tightly among putative granule cell dendrites. In the granule cell layer, especially at the dorsal DG, numerous faintly CR-IR cells were located at the interface with the hilus. They were triangular in shape and neither calbindin D28k nor GABA positive, but were immunoreactive for highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-H) and thus considered as newly generated neurons. In the molecular layer CR-IR cells were also scattered; they were mainly located near the pial surface and the hippocampal fissure, small in size, ovoid in shape and usually gave rise to one very thin axon like and one thin cylindrical dendritic process. These cells were assumed to be Cajal-Retzius cells. Throughout the layers, that is, the molecular layer, the granule cell layer and the hilus, CR-IR multipolar and/or fusiform cells were encountered. They resembled those reported in the rat DG in their structural features and usually extended smooth or varicose or sparsely spiny dendritic processes; some of them were confirmed to be GABA-like immunoreactive and/or glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactive. The present study showed that CR immunoreactivity in the mouse DG differed significantly from that in the rat and monkey dentate gyri reported previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: GABA ; Catecholamine ; Coexistence ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The coexistence of immunoreactivities for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was revealed in various brain regions in colchicine-injected and untreated rats, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Consecutive 40 μm thick Vibratome sections were incubated in different antisera and those cells which were bisected by the plane of sectioning so as to be included at the paired surfaces of two adjacent sections were identified. The coexistence of the immunoreactivities for TH and GAD or GABA in the same cell could thus be determined by observing the immunoreactivity of the two halves of the cell incubated in two different antisera. In the olfactory bulb, retina, diencephalon, mesencephalic central grey and cerebral cortex, many TH-like immunoreactive neurons also showed GAD-like or GABA-like immunoreactivity, whereas in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and locus ceruleus none of TH-like immunoreactive neurons showed either GAD-like or GABA-like immunoreactivity. In the olfactory bulb, retina and cerebral cortex, the majority of the TH-like immunoreactive neurons were also GAD-like or GABA-like immunoreactive. In the diencephalon of colchicine-injected rats, at least one-third of the TH-like immunoreactive neurons were GAD-like immunoreactive. Using serial 0.5 μm thick plasticembedded sections, it was shown that immunoreactivities for three antigens, GAD, GABA and TH could occur in the same neurons in the olfactory bulb. These observations indicate the possible coexistence of two classical transmitters, GABA and catecholamine, in various brain regions of the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: GABA ; ACh ; Coexistence ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The coexistence of immunoreactivities for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was revealed in some brain regions of the rat, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Consecutive 40 μm thick vibratome sections were incubated in different antisera and those cells which were bisected by the plane of sectioning so as to be included at the paired surfaces of two adjacent sections were identified. The coexistence of the immunoreactivities for ChAT and GAD or GABA in the same cell could thus be determined by observing the immunoreactivity of the two halves of the cell incubated in two different antisera. In the retina, cerebral cortex, basal forebrain and spinal cord, colocalization of ChAT-like and GAD-like or GABA-like immunoreactivities was observed in some cell types, whereas no such colocalization was observed in cells in the striatum or brainstem. In the retina, the majority of ChAT-like immunoreactive (ChAT-LI) amacrine cells contained GABA-like or GAD-like immunoreactivity. About half of the ChAT-LI neurons in the cerebral cortex showed GABA-like immunoreactivity. In the basal forebrain only a small proportion of ChAT-LI neurons (0.6%) contained GAD-like immunoreactivity. In the spinal cord, about one-third of ChAT-LI central canal cluster cells and about half of ChAT-LI dorsal horn cells showed GAD-like and/or GABA-like immunoreactivities. These observations indicate the possible coexistence of two classical transmitters, GABA and acetylcholine, in various brain regions and spinal cord of the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 319 (Sept. 2006), p. 91-94 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Based on the recent requirements, high strength, high damping stainless alloy HIDASwas developed. The chemical compositions are Fe-12%Cr-22%Mn and Fe-12%Cr-22%Mn-2%Co.After solution annealing, microstructure consisting of austenite fcc [removed info], martensite hcp [removed info] and bcc[removed info]’. When cold work was given, [removed info] and [removed info] increased. Damping capacity increased with theincrease of [removed info] phase. The mechanism of high damping capacity would come from the hystereticmotion of Shockley partial dislocations which are lying at interphase interface of [removed info]/[removed info]. This alloyhas also high strength. This is due to fine structure of [removed info]/[removed info]. Because of these properties, HIDAScan be applied to machinery industries
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0378-1135
    Keywords: Leptospira interrogans ; Macrophage ; Mongolian gerbil ; Natural killer cell ; Serum thymic factor
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 961-963 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The cusp leak was found to have a profile of multiple peaks, when measured near the filaments. This is attributable to multiple discharge paths of primary electrons. The supercusp magnetic configuration is one of several configurations in which strong magnetic-field lines flow into the backplate from the extraction grid. The negative-ion current was measured with a Faraday cup with a magnetic filter changing current from 0 to 100 A. The plasma characteristics were measured in the driver and the extraction regions. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The NIH consensus conference in 1994 recommended that all patients with peptic ulcers should be tested and treated for Helicobacter pylori. Recent studies have shown that the eradication of H. pylori is associated with a significant reduction in the relapse rate of peptic ulcers, but there are few reports about long-term outcome.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aims:To evaluate the relapse rate of peptic ulcer in the long-term follow-up of patients after H. pylori eradication therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Patients and methods:Patients infected with H. pylori (445; 88 duodenal ulcer, 357 gastric ulcer) were randomly divided into three groups. In group A, patients received `conventional treatment' including acid decreasing therapy with a histamine H2-receptor antagonist or proton pump inhibitor (PPI). In group B, patients received `dual therapy' including one antibiotic plus acid-decreasing therapy. In group C, patients received `triple therapy' with PPI plus amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Eradication of H. pylori infection was assessed by histology of biopsy specimens from both the antrum and body corpus at 4 weeks, and 6 and 12 months after stopping therapy. Endoscopy was performed at intervals of 6 months for 5 years.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Intention-to-treat eradication rates for the duodenal ulcer patients were 0% for group A, 46% for group B and 80% for group C; eradication rates for the gastric ulcer patients were 0%, 33% and 83% respectively. No recurrence was noted in the duodenal ulcer patients and only 4% of gastric ulcers recurred after successful eradication during follow-up for 5 years. In contrast, in patients with persistent H. pylori infection all DU and 92% of gastric ulcers recurred.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:Eradication of H. pylori infection changes the natural course of peptic ulcer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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