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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between accumbens D1 and D2 receptors regulating rat locomotor activity (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 558-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nucleus accumbens ; Dopaminergic mechanisms ; Selective drugs ; Microinjections ; Locomotor activity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of intra-accumbens injections of various dopaminergic agonists and antagonists on the rat locomotor activity has been evaluated in automated open fields. Locomotor stimulation has been observed after local administration ofd-amphetamine (10 μg), apomorphine (10 μg), as well as of solution containing the D1 agonist SKF 38 393 and D2 receptor agonist LY 171 555 (quinpirole) in doses (10 and 4 μg, respectively) which were inactive when both drugs were administered separately. On the other hand separate injections of metoclopramide (0.1 μg) and SCH 23 390 (0.5 μg) (D2 and D1 receptor antagonists) very potently inhibited animals' locomotor activity. The data indicate that concomitant stimulation of both accumbens D1- and D2-receptor related mechanisms is a necessary condition to increase rat motility. Moreover, it seems that accumbens D1 receptors may be differently involved in the control of facilitatory versus inhibitory motor processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589908
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol discrimination in the rat: lack of modulation by restraint stress and memantine (1999)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 359 (1999), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Ethanol ; Restraint stress ; NMDA receptor complex ; Memantine ; Drug discrimination ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is a large body of experimental evidence that both stress and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists may alter acute behavioural effects of ethanol. Notably, an uncompetitive, low-affinity NMDA receptor antagonist, memantine, has been recently claimed to possess anti-craving properties in rats with a long-term history of ethanol consumption. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of restraint stress and memantine on the dose-response curve of ethanol discrimination. Rats were trained to discriminate 1 g/kg ethanol from saline in the two-lever drug discrimination procedure. When ethanol discrimination was acquired, the subjects were exposed to 30-min sessions of acute restraint stress, and different doses of ethanol (0.25, 0.5 or 1 g/kg) or saline were administered. In subsequent experiments the effects of memantine (2.25 or 4.5 mg/kg) on the cueing effects of ethanol were tested. Neither the stress sessions nor memantine influenced the ethanol discrimination dose-response curve. Moreover, the stress did not alter the rate of responding. However, both doses of memantine tended to increase the rate of responding when given in combination with lower doses of ethanol (0.25–0.5 g/kg). In contrast, 4.5 mg/kg memantine decreased the response rate when combined with 1 g/kg ethanol. These results suggest that: (1) pre-exposure to acute restraint stress or memantine does not affect the dose-response curve of ethanol discrimination; (2) memantine given in combination with low doses of ethanol may stimulate operant behaviour in the food-reinforced drug discrimination procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005330
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lesion of serotonergic neurons antagonizes clonidine-induced suppression of avoidance behavior and locomotor activity in rats (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 73 (1981), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Clonidine ; Serotonergic neurons ; Avoidance behavior ; Serotonin-norepinephrine interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of clonidine on avoidance acquisition and locomotor activity were studied in male Wistar rats with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) lesions of the median raphe nucleus. Lesioned animals showed marked depletion in forebrain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid concentrations. Clonidine (0.2 mg/kg IP in a single daily dose for 6 consecutive days) inhibited avoidance acquisition and reduced locomotor activity in unlesioned rats. In 5,6-DHT rats clonidine failed to produce depressive effects. The resistance of raphe-lesioned rats to clonidine is discussed on the basis of possible interaction between noradrenergic and serotonergic brain systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422414
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the effects of clonidine on the EEG in rats treated with single and multiple doses of antidepressants (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 84 (1984), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Antidepressants ; Clonidine ; EEG activity ; Clonidine-antidepressants interaction ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of repeated and single administrations of desipramine, amitryptiline, and mianserin on the EEG effects of clonidine has been investigated in rats implanted with chronic cortical electrodes. Clonidine induced a dose-dependent EEG synchronization in control animals. Signs of behavioral depression occurred after administration of moderate (0.1 mg/kg) and higher (0.2 mg/kg) doses of clonidine. Single doses of desipramine and amitryptiline attenuated the clonidine effect, while mianserine potentiated clonidine-induced synchronization. Antidepressants given once daily for 14 days completely (desipramine and amitryptiline) or partially (mianserin) reduced the effect of clonidine. Antidepressants alone produced only a slight effect on cortical EEG pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432031
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antagonism of behavioural depression produced by clonidine in the mongolian gerbil: a potential screening test for antidepressant drugs (1983)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 79 (1983), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Clonidine ; Antidepressants ; Yohimbine ; Presynaptic adrenoceptors ; Exploration ; Locomotion ; Screening of antidepressants ; Mongolian gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of various antidepressant drugs and some other therapeutic agents on the depression of locomotion and exploratory activity induced by clonidine (0.1 mg/kg IP) were investigated in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unquiculatus). In parallel experiments, the effect of yohimbine on clonidine-induced sedation was observed. The following behavioral components were analysed: ambulation, rearing and novel object investigation. Yohimbine antagonized the effects of clonidine in a dose-dependent manner. All antidepressants similarly antagonized the effect of clonidine on ambulation but they differed to a greater extent in their potency in counteracting the clonidine action on exploration, particularly the novel object investigation. On the other hand diazepam and neuroleptic agents such as pimozide and flupentixol failed to antagonize the clonidine effects. The antagonism of clonidine-induced behavioral depression might be used in the selection of antidepressants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427813
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A stimulatory effect of intraaccumbens injections of noradrenaline on the behavior of rats in the forced swim test (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nucleus accumbens ; Noradrenaline ; Dopamine ; Serotonin ; Monoaminergic agonists ; Open field locomotor activity ; Forced swim test ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intraaccumbens injections of catecholamines noradrenaline and dopamine, though not of serotonin, stimulated locomotion by rats in an open field, 10–15 min later. Similar effects were observed 5 min after microinjection of apomorphine whereas clonidine only attenuated locomotor activity. On the other hand, intraaccumbens administration of phenylephrine, isoproterenol and quipazine, in doses similar to an effective dose of noradrenaline, did not alter rat open field behavior. The escape-directed activity of rats in the forced swim test (FST) was stimulated 5 min after local administration of noradrenaline, phenylephrine, isoproterenol or apomorphine only. No effects in the FST were observed 15 min after noradrenaline injection or after intracaudate noradrenaline administration. The stimulatory effects of intraaccumbens noradrenaline injection in the FST were antagonized by the local pretreatment of rats with phentolamine, though not with propranolol. Accordingly, it is possible to conclude that both catecholamines, but not serotonin, play complex and probably distinct roles within the nucleus accumbens in the stimulation of activity by rats in the FST and the open field test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431791
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphine action in grouped and isolated rats and mice (1977)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 53 (1977), S. 191-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Isolation ; Aggressiveness ; Morphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study determines the analgesic effects of morphine in grouped and isolated rats and mice. Isolated animals developed altered behavioral patterns, including mouse-killing in rats and mutual aggressiveness in mice. The analgesic effect of morphine was tested by tail compression in rats and by the hot plate for mice. Isolated rats developing mouse-killing behavior had a raised pain threshold, while indifferent animals (nonkillers) responded less to morphine. Isolated mice, particularly low aggressors, gave enhanced responses to morphine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426491
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