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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Erzincan (Turkey) Earthquake (Ms 6.8) of March 13, 1992 and its Aftershock Sequence (1998)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 152 (1998), S. 465-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Erzincan earthquake, North Anatolian fault, pull-apart basin, aftershocks.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The Erzincan strike-slip earthquake of March 13, 1992 ruptured a section of the North Anatolian fault (NAF) at the northern margin of the Erzincan basin. The focal depth of about 10 km was less than given by ISC and NEIC. Erzincan and the surrounding villages were considerably damaged. In the Erzincan basin and in the neighbouring mountains a seismic network of ten stations was installed. It was operating continuously from March 21 through June 16, 1992. More than 3,000 aftershocks were recorded of which 505 could be located. The spectral parameters of 394 and the fault-plane solutions of 53 aftershocks were determined. For the given region the frequency dependent coda Q was derived as Q c = 122 f 0.68. The aftershock area increased with time, reflecting the process of stress redistribution. Some events clustered in the immediate vicinity of the town of Erzincan close to the epicentre of the main event and seem to trace the NAF. Their source mechanism is similar to that of the main event (strike slip). About 150 aftershocks clustered in the southeastern part of the Erzincan basin where a concentration of the events in a small volume of 5 × 5 × 3 km3 was observed. The majority of fault-plane solutions available for these aftershocks showed a normal faulting mechanism with an east-west directed extension. Most of the aftershocks southeast of the basin clustered between two lineaments that were mapped by satellite images. The P-wave velocity below the Erzincan basin, derived from travel-time residual analysis, is lower compared to areas NE and SW of the basin. Three-dimen sional stress modelling of the Erzincan region qualitatively explains the occurrence of the aftershocks southeast of the basin. The calculated displacement distribution which exhibits the north-westward motion of the basin and tension at its southeastern margin, caused by the Erzincan earthquake, is in agreement with derived fault-plane solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050163
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Backazimuthal Variations of Splitting Parameters of Teleseismic SKS Phases Observed at the Broadband Stations in Germany (1998)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 151 (1998), S. 305-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Anisotropy, shear-wave splitting, SKS waves.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —SKS phases observed at broadband stations in Germany show significant shear-wave splitting. We have analyzed SKS and SKKS phases for shear-wave splitting from 13 stations of the German Regional Seismic Network (GRSN), from 3 three-component stations of the Gräfenberg array (GRF) and from one Austrian station (SQTA). The data reveal strong differences in the splitting parameters (fast direction φ and delay time δt from a single event at various stations as well as variations at the individual stations for events with different backazimuths. The backazimuthal variations of the splitting parameters at some stations can be explained by two-layer anisotropy models with horizontal symmetry axes. The best resolved two-layer model is the GRA1 model (upper layer φ = 40°, δt = 1.15s; lower layer φ = 115°, δt = 1.95s). The upper layer can be attributed to the lithosphere. Because of the magnitude of the delay time of the upper layer, the lower layer must lie within the asthenosphere. At other stations splitting parameters are consistent with an anisotropic one-layer model for the upper mantle. Stations near the Bohemian Massif show fast directions near EW. Throughout NE Germany the directions are oriented NW/SE. The reason for this direction is probably the nearby Tornquist-Teisseyre line. The observed fast axes are subparallel to this prominent Transeuropean suture zone. At stations in southern Germany near the Alps we observed ENE/WSW directions. Below some stations we also found indications of inclined anisotropic layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050116
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hämoglobinvorkommen bei Wirbellosen (1955)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 1 (1955), S. 212-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01630085
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carcinogenic action of dimethylnitrosamine in trout not related to methylation of nucleic acids and protein in vivo (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 520-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Klärung des Zusammenhanges zwischen carcinogener und alkylierender Wirkung von Dimethylnitrosamin wurde die Bildung von14C-7-Methylguanin in der Leber-RNA von Tauben, Fröschen und Forellen nach Gabe von14C-Dimethylnitrosamin untersucht. Dabei konnte14C-7-Methylguanin in der Leber-RNS von Tauben und Fröschen nachgewiesen werden, während RNA, DNS und Protein der Leber bei Forellen nicht markiert wurden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01898485
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoffwechsel (1936)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 44 (1936), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623862
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über die temperaturabhängigkeit des sauerstoffverbrauchs von Crepidula fornicata (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) (1970)
    Springer
    Marine biology 5 (1970), S. 145-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Untersuchung liefert Daten über den Sauerstoffverbrauch von Crepidula fornicata (L.) in Gewichtsbereich zwischen 0,04 und 5,2 g bei Temperaturen zwischen 2° und 30°C. 2. Die Meßdaten dienten zunächst zur Berechnung der allometrischen Parameter der Atmungsgröße für die verschiedenen Temperaturen bezogen auf das Weichkörpergewicht der Schnecken. 3. Aus diesen Parametern wurde der theoretische O2-Verbrauch für 3 Größenklassen für die einzelnen Temperaturen berechnet. Die ermittelten Daten dienten wiederum zur Bestimmung der Parameter der vom Autor vorgeschlagenen Temperaturfunktion. 4. Die graphische Darstellung (Abb. 8) zeigt ebenso wie die mathematische Analyse, daß sich die Form des Temperatureinflusses auf den Stoffwechsel im Verlauf des Wachstums ändert. Die hier vorliegenden quantitativen Beziehungen verdeutlicht die graphische Wiedergabe der Parameter der Temperaturfunktion in ihrer Abhängigkeit vom Tiergewicht. 5. Es läßt sich zeigen, daß die sehr leicht durchzuführende Wachstumsdarstellung von Ford-Walford sich auch zur Charakterisierung der kroghschen Normalkurven eignet.
    Notes: Abstract The oxygen consumption of the sessile gastropod Crepidula fornicata was measured during autumn 1962 as a function of soft body wet weight (0.04 to 5.2 g) and temperature (2° to 30° C). From the data obtained, the parameters of the allometric formula were derived for describing the relationship between respiration and body size. The parameters were then used for calculating the oxygen consumption of 3 different weight groups (0.1 g, 1.0 g, 10.0 g) at different temperatures. The resulting plot reveals different curves, demonstrating that the influence of temperature on the metabolism of C. fornicata is a function of body size. The ourves relating oxygen consumption to temperature may well be described by a modified Arrhenius-function proposed some years ago (Krüger, 1962). Biological temperature curves may be described by growth functions. Therefore, it is possible to apply the simple Walfordplot for identifying the “normal curves” of Krogh (1914).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352598
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematische Analyse der kombinierten Wirkung von Temperatur und Salzgehalt auf den Stoffwechsel von Tilapia mossambica (Teleostei) (1971)
    Springer
    Marine biology 8 (1971), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. In Ergänzung zu der allometrischen Auswertung von Job (1969a, b) über den Einfluß von Temperatur, Salzgehalt und Tiergröße auf den Sauerstoffverbrauch von Tilapia mossambica bringt die vorliegende Untersuchung eine Auswertung auf der Basis der vom Autor vorgeschlagenen Temperaturfunktion. 2. Die aus den Meßwerten von Job errechneten Parameter lassen erkennen, daß die logarithmischen Werte des Sauerstoffverbrauchs in 50% Meerwasser, wie auch in 100% Meerwasser für die 3 erfaßten Tiergrößen parallel zueinander verlaufen. Die beiden Salzlösungen unterscheiden sich allerdings hinsichtlich der verursachten Kurvensteigung. 3. Demgegenüber divergieren die logarithmischen Temperaturkurven im Süßwasser. Im Zusammenhang mit diesem Unterschied wird auf die verschiedenen Mechanismen der Ionenregulation in Süß- und Salzwasser hingewiesen. 4. Die Versuche an T. mossambica beweisen eindeutig, daß man die Unterschiede in der Atmungsgröße in den Medien unterschiedlicher Salzkonzentration nicht durch den Aufwand für die Konzentrationsarbeit deuten kann. Das Ergebnis der mathematischen Auswertung legt die Vermutung nahe, daß die gefundenen Unterschiede durch Verschiebung der ionalen Zusammensetzung des “milieu interne” verursacht sind.
    Notes: Abstract Job (1969 a, b) has presented experimental results on the influence of temperature and salinity on the rate of oxygen consumption in Tilapia mossambica. He evaluated his results on the basis of the allometric function. The present paper analyses, in addition, the data obtained on the basis of the temperature function proposed by the present author. The parameters of this formula reveal that, in 50 and 100% sea water, the curves for the logarithmic values for the given body weights are parallel to each other; only the slope is different for the two salinities. In fresh water, the logarithmic temperature curves diverge. Job's results clearly demonstrate that it is not possible to explain the differences in the respiratory metabolism of this fish on the grounds of the energy expenditure for osmoregulation. The present author supposes that the differences found in the rate of respiration are caused by differences in the ionic composition of the internal milieu in the different salinities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350929
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for normal and inhomogeneous lowermost mantle and core-mantle boundary structure under the Arctic and northern Canada (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 122 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Seismic P waves from a total of about 200 nuclear explosions in the USA, the former USSR and China, observed at 10 arrays and four networks in Europe, Canada and the USA, are used to analyse the structure at the base of the mantle and the core-mantle boundary (CMB).The simple waveforms and well-controlled source parameters of nuclear explosions allow one to use the events as source arrays in addition to the usual receiver array configuration. A new array technique (double beamforming; Krüger et al. 1993) integrating both concepts is applied, which increases the slowness resolution considerably.A total of 56 source-receiver combinations (i.e. reflection points in the lower mantle or on the CMB) could be analysed. In five regions, anomalous arrivals (PdP) with slowness and arrival times between those of P and PcP are observed. One of these five areas (Svalbard region) shows short-period PcP/P amplitude ratios, which are about three times higher than those predicted by standard earth models. In the Severnaya Zemlya region, where PdP and PcP precursors were observed previously (Krüger et al. 1993), PcP shows azimuth deviations of up to 10°. For some other regions, deviations of the PcP waveform from the direct P waveform are also observed.These anomalous phases and the PcP waveform distortions cannot be explained with standard 1-D earth models. They are probably produced by inhomogeneities in the lowermost mantle. The observed variations in the waveforms are strong indications of a laterally heterogeneous structure in two depth ranges. The first is the CMB and its immediate vicinity of a few tens of kilometres; the second region is the depth range between about 200 and 300 km above the CMB. Maps of the North Pole region, giving the distributions of inhomogeneities in the lower mantle and on the CMB, are presented. These maps show evidence of strong heterogeneity of the D″ boundary layer and possibly also of the CMB in the same area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb07017.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for anomalous body-wave radiation between 0.3 and 0.7 Hz from the 1985 September 19 Michoacan, Mexico earthquake (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 101 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: In order to better understand the causes of unprecedented damage to Mexico City during the 1985 September 19 Michoacan earthquake (Mw= 8.0) spectral ratios of teleseismic P-waves of this earthquake are studied with respect to those from five recent, large Mexican subduction zone earthquakes (7.0 ≤Mw≤ 7.7). The data are from vertical-component digital seismographs. It is found that the spectral ratios at stations in the NE quadrant are anomalously more energetic than those predicted by the ω−2 source model in the critical frequency range for Mexico City (0.3-0.7 Hz). The evidence is especially convincing for the spectral ratios with respect to the earthquakes of 1985 September 21 (Mw= 7.6) and 1986 (Mw= 7.0) since the data are available from several stations in the NE quadrant. The teleseismic P-wave spectral ratio in this quadrant with respect to the 1985 September 21 earthquake, in the critical frequency range, is close to the acceleration spectral ratio found in and near Mexico City (also in the NE quadrant). Velocity traces in the epicentral region of the Michoacan earthquake, obtained by integrating the accelerograms, also show oscillations with a frequency of about 0.4 Hz. Furthermore, a regression study of Fourier acceleration spectra at a hill-zone site in Mexico City demonstrates that the Michoacan earthquake was anomalously energetic in the city at the critical frequencies for an event of that magnitude and at that distance. If the data from 7.0 ≤Mw≤ 7.7 events can be extrapolated to estimate the ground motions from Mw≥ 8.0 earthquakes, then the evidence, supports an anomalously large body-wave radiation towards Mexico City between 0.3 and 0.7 Hz during the Michoacan earthquake. This anomalous radiation and the dramatic local amplification of seismic waves in the lake-bed zone of the city (∼ 10–50 times at frequencies between 0.3 and 0.7 Hz) appear to be the principal natural causes of the disaster. The anomalous teleseismic P-wave spectral ratios with respect to the earthquakes of 1985 September 21 and 1986 found in the NE quadrant are not observed in the data available from a small number of stations in the other quadrants. If this observation is true then it suggests a directional property to the anomalous radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb00756.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of low-velocity sediments on the mislocation vectors of the GRF array (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 108 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The GRF array is situated on Jurassic limestone of the Franconian Alb in SE Germany. The mislocation vectors show symmetry axes in their slowness and azimuth components. For the slowness the line of separation is at about 95d̀ against north. The azimuth pattern shows a symmetry axis nearly perpendicular to the axis in the slowness pattern. Waves arriving from NE have a reduced slowness, whereas waves from SW have a larger slowness. The largest azimuth anomalies are found in the directions where the slowness components change direction. These effects can to a large extent be modelled by a low-velocity sedimentary layer dipping to NNE with about 0.8d̀ dip. Such a sedimentary wedge correlates well with the geological data, is able to reproduce the observed mislocation vector pattern and explains a major part of the observed traveltime residuals. It furthermore demonstrates that local effects, like the influence of sedimentary covers, should be removed before inversion procedures and tomographic methods are applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00866.x
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