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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 25 (1953), S. 974-977 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 80 (1958), S. 4129-4132 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1991), S. 467-470 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Chronic granulomatous disease ; White matter lesions ; Pigmented macrophages ; Lipofuscin ; Sulfur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) enzyme-deficient neutrophils and mononuclear cells lack the respiratory brust required for biocidal activity. Recurrent infections lead to granulomas in various organs but brain lesions are rare. In the present case, a 23-year-old male with numerous infections since early childhood died of overwhelming pulmonary aspergillosis. He first began to experience neurological deficits at the age of 17. Computerized tomography and magnetic rsonance imaging revealed fleeting white matter lesions that were interpreted as multiple sclerosis (MS). At post mortem, three types of brain lesions were found: (1) Pigmented macrophages in perivascular spaces and the leptomeninges similar to those reported previously. They contained fine, golden-brown, lipofuscin-like material whose chemical composition included a sulfur peak by X-ray analysis. (2) Focal, well-demarcated, “burnt out” white matter lesions with loss of both myelin and axons and intense sclerosis. (3) Diffuse areas of mild pallor in the centrum ovale which spared the U fibers. The pigmented macrophages are characteristic of those seen in the periphery in CGD. The origin of the discrete, destructive white matter lesions is unclear. They may have resulted from: (i) earlier activity by CGD macrophages; (ii) previous infections due to sepsis or embolism; or (iii) possibly post-infectious encephalomyelitis. The more diffuse, mild, white matter lesions are attributed to edema. Evidence for MS, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, or human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis was lacking. This case is presented to alert us to look more carefully for brain lesions in CGD, characterize them and to help determine their cause.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 3 (1964), S. 416-427 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Krankengeschichten von 4 Patienten mit schwerer cranio-cerebraler Verletzung werden mitgeteilt. Die klinischen Bilder sowie die autoptischen Befunde zeigten starke Ähnlichkeit. Der klinische Verlauf konnte in 3 verschiedene Perioden gegliedert werden und zwar: 1. von dem Auftreten der Verletzung bis zum Einsetzen der künstlichen Beatmung, 2. von diesem Zeitpunkt bis zum klinischen Tod des Gehirns und schließlich 3. bis zum totalen Tod. Bei der autoptischen Untersuchung waren die Gehirne auffallend weich und bröckelig. Die mikroskopische Untersuchung deckte Nekrosen sowohl der grauen als auch der weißen Substanz des gesamten Gehirns auf. Diese wurden auf eine intravitae Autolyse zurückgeführt. Obgleich der Tod 4–9 Tage nach der Hirnschädigung eintrat, waren die primären Läsionen (durch die Verletzung selbst) nicht von normalen Leukocyten- oder Gliazellreaktionen begleitet. Eine sehr interessante Tatsache war eine in allen 4 Fällen manifestierte ausgedehnte frische Thrombose der carotico-basilaren Arterien. Diese Thrombosen rührten von traumatischen Gefäßwandläsionen im Zusammenhang mit Blutstauungen her, die durch lokale Vasoparalyse und generelle Hypotension hervorgerufen worden waren. Möglicherweise ist die ungewöhnliche Ausdehnung der intraarteriellen Thrombose nur auf das künstliche Überleben des Pat. zurückzuführen. Es erhebt sich das Problem, ob der intravitale Tod des Gehirns eine Folge der Thrombose ist oder aber ob die Thrombose sich während des Deanimationsstadiums ausgebildet hat.
    Notes: Summary The case histories of 4 patients with a severe cranio-cerebral injury were described. The clinical pictures and the post mortem findings showed much resemblance. The clinical course was divided into three different periods: The first lasting from the injury till the moment of artificial respiration, the second from then on till the clinical evidence of death of the brain and the third from then on till death. On post mortem examination the brains were remarkably soft and friable. Microscopic examination revealed necrosis of both the grey and white matter of the whole brain. It was supposed that this was due to intravital autolysis. Although death followed 4–9 days after the brain accident, the primary lesions (caused by the injury itself) were not accompained by a normal reaction of leucocytes or glia cells. A most interesting feature in all four cases was a very extensive and recent thrombosis of the carotico-basilar arteries. This thrombosis was the result of traumatic lesions of the vessel wall in combination with stasis of the blood caused by local vasoparalysis and general hypotension. It is likely that the unusual extent of the intra-arterial thrombosis was only possible thanks to the artificial survival of the patient. The problem arises whether the intravital death of the brain was the result of the thrombosis or whether the thrombosis developed during the state of deanimation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 2 (1963), S. 438-450 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein 77 jähriger Mann litt an einer akuten Form der Kahlerschen Krankheit. Die Diagnose wurde nach dem Auftreten cerebraler Symptome gestellt, zu einer Zeit, da das morphologische Blutbild noch relativ normal war. Der Patient starb 7 Tage nach dem Auftreten der Krankheit in einem Zustand, der vonWuhrmann als „coma paraproteinaemicum” beschrieben wurde. Bei der Autopsie wurden ein Myelom des Knochenmarks und eines Hiluslymphknotens gefunden, sonst keine weiteren spezifischen Veränderungen an den inneren Organen bemerkt. Im rechten Temporalpol des Gehirns und seinen Leptomeningen fand sich eine mehr oder weniger diffuse perivasculäre „Reticuloendotheliose” („Plasmocytose”) sowie eine zentrale geschlossene Anhäufung von reticuloendothelialen Zellen („Plasmocytom”, „Myelom”). Es wird vermutet, daß sich diese Veränderungen primär im Gehirn, ebenso wie im Knochenmark, durch Wucherung perivasculärer Reticulumzellen entwickelten.
    Notes: Summary A 77 year old man suffered from an acute form ofKahler's disease. The diagnosis was established after cerebral symptoms developed, at a time when the morphological blood picture was still relatively normal. The patient died seven days after the onset of the disease in a state described as “coma paraproteinaemicum” byWuhrmann 82. On postmortem examination a myeloma of the bone-marrow and of a lung hilus lymph node were found, but apart from this there were no specific alterations of the viscera. Within the right temporal pole of the brain and its leptomeninges a more or less diffusely scattered perivascular “reticulo-endotheliosis” (“plasmocytosis”) was present together with a central solid aggregation of reticulo-endothelial cells (“plasmocytoma”, “myeloma”). It is suggested that these alterations developed primarily in the brain through proliferation of perivascular reticulum cells, just as in the bone-marrow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hemodialysis ; Left ventricular performance ; Left ventricular hypertrophy ; Ionized calcium to potassium ratio ; Uremic cardiomyopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hemodialysis is associated with alterations in myocardial contractility, but duration and precise determinants responsible for these changes are unknown. We investigated the effect of several variables, established to influence left ventricular (LV) contractility, which normally changed during dialysis: the plasma concentrations of ionizied calcium, potassium, bicarbonate, and magnesium and the removal of uremic toxins. The influence of three different isovolemic bicarbonatedialysis procedures in 16 patients with normal (group 1) and hypertrophied myocardium (group 2) was assessed by echocardiography prior to and up to 44 h following each dialysis. During the first procedure, ionized calcium and potassium concentration decreased, but LV performance remained unchanged in both groups. The second procedure with increased ionized calcium and decreased potassium concentration resulted in an improvement of mean circumferential fiber shortening (VCF from 1.15 to 1.56 circ/s (P〈0.001) in group 1 and from 1.05 to 1.16 circ/s (P〈0.05) in group 2. The positive inotropic effect declined gradually up to 12 h (group 1) and 2.5 h (group 2) respectively. In the third procedure when ionized calcium was increased and potassium concentration remained unchanged contractility did not improve. Removal of uremic toxins, decrease in magnesium, and increase in bicarbonate concentrations were comparable during each procedure. These results suggest that the ionized calcium to potassium ratio is the important determinant of dialysis-related augmentation in LV contractility. In LV hypertrophy the expected contractile response is diminished indicating a depressed inotropic state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 53 (1999), S. 43-50 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this work was the establishment of a novel method to determine the metabolic load on host-cell metabolism resulting from recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. This tool can be used to develop strategies to optimise recombinant fermentation processes through adjustment of recombinant-protein expression to the biosynthetic capacity of the host-cell. The signal molecule of the stringent-response network, guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), and its precursor nucleotides were selected for the estimation of the metabolic load relating to recombinant-protein production. An improved analytical method for the quantification of nucleotides by ion-pair, high-performance liquid chromatography was established. The host-cell response upon overexpression of recombinant protein in fed-batch fermentations was investigated using the production of human superoxide dismutase (rhSOD) as a model system. E. coli strains with different recombinant systems (the T7 and pKK promoter system) exerting different loads on host-cell metabolism were analysed with regard to intracellular nucleotide concentration, rate of product formation and plasmid copy number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 127-130 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: papaverine ; cardiopulmonary bypass ; pharmacokinetics ; cardiac surgery patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes substantial physiologic changes which may potentially alter the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs used during and after the procedure. Studies with fentanyl have implied a relationship between prolonged elimination half-lives following CPB and decreased liver perfusion during and after the procedure. To further test this hypothesis, the effects of CPB on the pharmacokinetics of papaverine, a coronary vasodilator currently being added to the cardioplegic solution to prevent vasospasm, were studied. The drug was given to two groups of patients, one (n=6) undergoing surgery with and one (n=5) without CPB, the latter serving as controls. Plasma papaverine concentrations declined biexponentially in the control patients with a mean elimination half-life of 1.30±0.25 h, total plasma clearance of 13.8±3.75 ml/min/kg, volume of distribution of 1.52±0.45 l/kg and volume of distribution, steady-state, of 0.992±0.530 l/kg. For the CPB group, only half-life was estimated, and averaged 2.77±0.28 h, significantly greater (p〈0.01) than that in the controls. These results further confirm the increased half-lives seen with other hepatically cleared drugs following CPB and have implications in the clinical management of patients given drugs eliminated in this manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 905 (1987), S. 65-74 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Rat small intestine) ; Brush-border membrane vesicles ; Cephalosporin ; Dipeptide ; Photoaffinity labeling ; Transport system
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1191 (1994), S. 267-277 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: Beta cell ; Glibenclamide ; Glimepiride ; Insulin secretion ; Sulfonylurea binding kinetics ; Sulfonylurea receptor
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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