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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 97-99 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Thylakoid centers ; Photosynthetic membranes/thylakoids ; Membranes ; Membrane biogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An ultrastructural study of four cyanobacteria (Anabaena cylindrica, Dermocarpa violaceae, Gleocapsa alpicola, Pleurocapsa minor) indicates the presence of previously undescribed thylakoid centers from which photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids) radiate. These peripherally located thylakoid centers are cylinders 30 nm wide by 320 nm long, consisting of globular subunits oriented in nonparallel stacked arrays. Thylakoids are attached to the outer surface of the cylinder along its longitudinal axis. Thylakoid centers appear to be functionally significant due to their structure, location and thylakoid association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 695 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the deposition of abnormal protein aggregates. The main constituent of the deposition is β-amyloid protein. A seminal role of this protein is supported by the discovery of point mutations in the gene of its precursor protein in certain forms of familial Alzheimer's disease. In vitro (cultured neuronal cells), overexpression of the precursor protein or a part of the precursor leads to degeneration of neurons, suggesting neurotoxicity of its derivatives. At this tune, all of the reported transgenic mice bearing DNA construct for the precursor or a part of the precursor, however, have not developed convincing pathological changes similar to what is observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. This interesting discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo suggests suppressors in vivo which ameliorate β-amyloid precursor protein derivative-mediated neurotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Polyclonal antibodies specific to mKvl.l (a-Kvl.l) and mKvl.2 (a-Kvl.2) were made by immunizing rabbits with puri-fied fusion proteins, MBP-1.1 and MBP-1.2, each of which con-tains the relatively nonconserved carboxy-terminal sequences of mKvl.l (ref. 8) and mKvl.2 (ref. 9; Fig. la). Another pair ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 6 (1986), S. 363-379 
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: somatostatin ; hippocampal slice ; excitation ; local circuit neurons ; interneurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The electrophysiological actions of somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor; SRIF) were investigated in thein vitro hippocampal slice preparation. Intracellular recordings were obtained from pyramidal neurons in area CA1 in slices of hippocampus from guinea pigs and rabbits. 2. Somatostatin, applied via micropressure ejection to CA1 pyramidal-cell somata, was primarily excitatory. The effects, however, were quite variable, with nearly all cells displaying pronounced tachyphylaxis. A majority of cells was depolarized by SRIF, but hyperpolarizations or biphasic depolarization/hyperpolarization responses were also recorded. Only minimal conductance changes were associated with the SRIF-induced voltage changes. 3. Depletion of SRIF, by injection of the intact animal with cysteamine several hours before preparing slices, resulted in no obvious abnormalities in hippocampal slice electrophysiology. 4. Our results obtained with application of exogenous SRIF are consistent with the concept that SRIF acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in hippocampus. However, our attempts to demonstrate endogenous SRIF action have thus far been unsuccessful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 225 (1991), S. 129-154 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: food selection ; feeding model ; phytoplankton ; bacteria ; SEM analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A conceptual behavioural and mechanistic Holling-type model of food selection in Daphnia pulicaria is derived from SEM observations with animals feeding on mixtures of spherical-cylindrical diatoms, oblongate green algae, and filamentous cyanobacteria, as well as ultrafine particles. The algae used were Stephanodiscus hantzschii (〈- 6 µm length), Monoraphidium setiforme (≥ 20 µm), and Oscillatoria aghardii (strands, 〉- 80 µm). Cell (strand) selection can occur at any or all of three stages: (i) interception from the feeding currents, (ii) collection and channeling to the food groove, and (iii) compaction and transport to the mouth. During each stage, given equal initial cell densities, elongate cells are more likely to escape collection than spherical cells and are more likely to be rejected. In addition, filaments require increased handling time at stages (ii) and (iii) and promote entanglement with limb 5 and the postabdominal claw. Food is collected primarily with the aid of limbs 3 (and 4), but limbs 1 and 2 also intervene. Neither the leaky sieve hypothesis alone nor any other single-process hypothesis explains the observations on examined in corpore positions, morphology, and derived movements of the feeding limbs. Attachment and mucus appear to be important for the ingestion of bacteria and ultrafine particles. The model is consistent with many experimental results of differential feeding by Daphnia pulicaria on mixtures of variously shaped algae and other observations on Daphnia feeding behaviour. The paradigm of invariate, nonselective feeding by Daphnia is rejected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 123 (1984), S. 104-115 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Constrictive binary fission ; Cyanobacteria ; Development ; Multiple fission ; Septate binary fission ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural examination of cell division in two baeocyte producing cyanobacteria,Pleurocapsa minor andDermocarpa violaceae, reveals two distinct patterns of binary (transverse) fission. Septate binary fission, inPleurocapsa minor, involves centripetal synthesis and deposition of the mucopolymer cell wall layer (L 2). The ingrowth of the cytoplasmic membrane and L 1 cell wall layer, along with the synthesis of the L 2 cell wall layer, results in the formation of a prominent septum. Partitioning of the cell occurs by the constriction of the outer cell wall layers (L 3 and L 4) through the septum. InDermocarpa violaceae, constrictive binary fission occurs by the simultaneous ingrowth or constriction of the cytoplasmic membrane and all cell wall layers (L1, L2, L3, L4). Septate and constrictive binary fission may proceed symmetrically (medially) or asymmetrically (nonmedially). Multiple fission occurs regularly inDermocarpa violaceae and provides for a rapid means of reproduction when compared to binary fission. Successive radial and tangential divisions of the protoplast result in formation of many small daughter cells (baeocytes). The process of multiple fission is similar to septate binary fission with reduced septa being formed. However, constriction of the outer cell wall layers, through the septa, proceeds concurrently with septum formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 67-84 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Intracellular labeling ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Lucifer Yellow ; Biocytin ; Neurobiotin ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We have assessed the properties of three intracellular markers, horseradish peroxidase, biocytin/Neurobiotin, and Lucifer Yellow, and have compared their usefulness as neuronal markers for light and electron microscopic visualization. Neurons in the acute slice preparation of rat hippocampus were filled with one of these markers, and the marker was converted to an optical and electron-dense reaction product. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) greatly facilitated penetration of recognition reagents while preserving membrane integrity. The markers were compared with respect to injection parameters, mobility and recognition, stability and visibility, and ultrastructural clarity. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled neurons, recognized histochemically with diaminobenzedine (DAB), were easily visualized by the density of the DAB reaction product; however, the electron density was often so great as to obscure ultrastructural details. Biocytin (BC)-/Neurobiotin (NB)-labeled neurons were recognized by avidin-HRP, followed by histochemical localization of HRP with DAB. The optically dense reaction product gave complete visualization of the soma and processes at the light microscopic level. The electron density was homogeneously distributed throughout the cell, so that ultrastructural features were easily identified. Lucifer Yellow (LY), a fluorescent marker, was converted to an optical and electron-dense reaction product via immunocytochemical staining with a rabbit anti-LY antibody, followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP and DAB histochemical localization. Similar to BC/NB, the reaction product was evenly dispersed, providing good light microscopic and ultrastructural clarity. Under our experimental conditions, BC/NB and LY were superior markers that could be used routinely to label neurons, and give excellent visualization not only at the light but also at the electron microscopic level. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 32 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 34 (1994), S. 1089-1097 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report the first direct observations of the physical and chemical microstructure of spider dragline, revealed by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Individual crystallites were imaged within the amorphous matrix. They are irregularly shaped, approximately 70-100 nm in diameter, and uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. Electron diffraction determined their space group to be P21. The corresponding orthogonal cell has lattice parameters of a = 13.31 Å (β-sheet repeat), b = 9.44 Å (interchain repeat within β-sheets), and c = 20.88 Å (repeat along polypeptide chain). Electron energy loss spectroscopy indicated compositional variations within the matrix, and between the crystallites and matrix. Most notably, calcium was found exclusively in the crystallites. Attempts to produce synthetic analogues of dragline, which exhibits an unparalleled combination of strength, stiffness, and toughness, cannot depend solely on duplicating the constituent proteins. The complex hierarchical microstructure of the natural material must be taken into account. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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