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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 110 (1991), S. 49-56 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: CSF drainage ; external drainage ; drainage sets ; reliability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve commercially available sets for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid were tested for handling, design, features for fixation of the ventricular catheter, reliability of the anti-reflux valve, obstruction, efficiency of the air ventilation filter caps, accuracy of flow measurement and adjustment of flow, quality of material, adjustment, and cost. All systems showed considerable deficiencies in their reliability and handling. None of them can be recommended without certain restrictions and they should all be revised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 1300-1306 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Precentral stimulation ; anaesthesia dolorosa ; post herpetic neuralgia ; deafferentation pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of Deep Brain Stimulation in deafferentation pain syndromes, in particular in thalamic pain, indicate that excellent long-term pain relief can hardly ever be achieved. We report 7 cases using Motor-Cortex-Stimulation for treating severe trigeminal neuropathic pain syndromes, i.e., dysaesthesia, anaesthesia dolorosa and postherpetic neuralgia. The first implantation of the stimulation device for precentral cerebral stimulation was performed in June 1993, the last in September 1995. In all but one case the impulse-generator was implanted after a successful period of test stimulation. Successful means a pain reduction of more than 50% as assessed with a Visual Analogue Scale. Excluding one case, in whom a prolonged focal seizure resulting in a postictal speech arrest occurred during test stimulation, there have been no operative complications and the postoperative course was uneventful. In all the other patients the pain inhibition appeared below the threshold for producting motor effects. Initially these patients reported a good to excellent pain relief. In three of 6 patients a good to excellent pain control was maintained for a follow-up period of 5 months to 2 years. In the remaining three patients the positive effect decreased over several months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Aneurysm ; internal carotid artery ; proximal paraclinoid segment ; carotid-ophthalmic ; balloon occlusion ; clipping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method is described in which we use a combined endovascular balloon-catheter technique and open microneurosurgical approach for clipping aneurysms of the proximal paraclinoidal intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery. By temporary occlusion of the cervical carotid artery and continuously retrograde sucking of blood from the distal vessel via a double-lumen balloon-catheter, clip application to large and critically located aneurysms is facilitated applying evacuation-decompression to the trapped arterial segment under intra-operative SEP-monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 102 (1990), S. 73-75 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Subarachnoid haemorrhage ; nimodipine ; intestinal pseudo-obstruction ; paralytic ileus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nimodipine, now widely used for treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular spasm, is regarded as a safe drug. Despite a preferential action on cerebral vessels, there is clinical and experimental evidence of effects on systemic vascular and intestinal smooth muscle cells. Gastro-intestinal side-effects, however, have not been reported in clinical studies dealing with treatment of vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage. We report on a patient with subarachnoid haemorrhage who developed an acute life-threatening pseudo-obstruction of the colon, a variant of adynamic ileus, while being treated with intravenous nimodipine. The relationship between this complication and calcium antagonist therapy is discussed and therapeutic strategies are presented. We conclude that neurosurgeons and neurologists should be aware of calcium antagonist—related ileus in patients treated with nimodipine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0584-8547
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design of a novel electrode structure for electric-field ionization of Rydberg atoms in a fast atomic beam is described. It allows the resolution of the ion signal from Rydberg atoms with adjacent effective principal quantum numbers n* in the range of 14≤n*≤40 and minimizes the volume where field ionization takes place. These features drastically reduce the number of background events arising from collisions of fast atoms with residual gas molecules and thus are essential for trace analysis applications of the technique of resonance ionization spectroscopy in collinear geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 10 (1994), S. 231-235 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Hydrocephalus ; Overdrainage ; Anti-siphon device
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reducing the cerebrospinal flow is the task of siphonreducing devices (SRD). This paper shows test results with SRD, with special reference to the aspect of dysfunction of shunt valves in combination with anti-siphon. The local influences acting on the anti-siphon at the place of implantation and the dependence of the pressure range were examined as possible causes of dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 69 (1998), S. 1029-1036 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neuronavigation ; Rahmenlose Stereotaxie ; Bildgeführte Neurochirurgie ; Computerassistierte Chirurgie ; Neurochirurgische Operationsmethoden ; Key words Neuronavigation ; Frameless stereotaxy ; Image-guided neurosurgery ; Computer- assisted surgery ; Neurosurgery method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary With the recent developments in computer technology and the improvements in modern neuroimaging, frame-based stereotactic guidance for open microsurgical procedures has been increasingly replaced by neuronavigation, also called frameless stereotaxy. It allows transfer of individual patientís images onto the operative field to assist the neurosurgeon intraoperatively in defining the tumor margins or identifying functionally important brain areas. The different localization techniques employed are articulated position-sensing arms, infrared or ultrasound systems working with the principle of satellite navigation and robotic systems integrated with the operating microscope. In 200 operations performed with different systems (arm-based, robotic and infrared) the method proved to be helpful, enabling fewer invasive procedures to be performed. With a mean deviation of 2.87±1.9 mm for intraoperative localization, the accuracy was only slightly worse than in frame-based stereotaxy with deviations below 2 mm. Neuronavigation was most helpful for operations on deeply seated lesions, skull-base tumors and lesions in brain areas with high functionality. The major disadvantage is the use of preoperative data for navigation, leading to inaccuracies when anatomical structures are altered during the operation by resection of tumors or shift of intracranial soft tissue. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might be a solution for this problem. With the method of intraoperative MRI developed in our department it has already been possible to update neuronavigation with images reflecting intraoperative changes in anatomy. Therefore, neuronavigation is definitely a method with growing importance in operative routine, and it will also spread into other surgical specialties.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit den Fortschritten in der Computertechnologie und der neuroradiologischen Bildgebung wurde die Entwicklung der Neuronavigation möglich. Diese wird seither immer häufiger angewendet und hat die rahmenbasierte Stereotaxie zur intraoperativen Führung bei mikrochirurgischen, intrakraniellen Operationen weitgehend abgelöst. Mit Hilfe von dreidimensionalen Digitalisierinstrumenten werden dabei die präoperativ angefertigten CT- oder MRT- Bilder eines Patienten währen der Operation auf den Operationssitus übertragen. So wird eine genaue Lokalisation von Läsionen wie Tumoren oder anatomischen Strukturen ermöglicht. Die verwendeten Techniken wie positionsfühlende Gelenkarme, Infrarot- oder Robotersysteme werden ebenso wie die Anwendung in der klinischen Routine dargestellt. In 200 Eingriffen, die mit Neuronavigation durchgeführt wurden, hat sich die Methode als sehr hilfreich zur minimal invasiven Eingriffsplanung und -durchführung erwiesen. Mit Abweichungen zwischen 2 und 4 mm ist die Genauigkeit nur geringfügig schlechter als die Werte, wie sie für die rahmenbasierte Stereotaxie angegeben werden. Als besonders vorteilhaft wurde die Navigation von den Operateuren bei Eingriffen an der Schädelbasis sowie kleinen, tiefliegenden oder in eloquenten Arealen gelegenen Läsionen eingestuft. Hauptnachteil der Methode ist die Verwendung von präoperativem Bildmaterial, was zu Ungenauigkeiten führt, wenn es im Verlauf einer Operation durch zunehmende Tumorresektion zu Veränderungen der Anatomie kommt. Hier könnten Verfahren der intraoperativen Bildgebung wie der MRT eine Lösung darstellen. So ist es uns bereits gelungen, durch Aktualisierung der Navigationsdaten mit intraoperativer MRT Verschiebungen auszugleichen. Diese Entwicklungen werden zu einer zunehmenden Bedeutung der Neuronavigation in der operativen Routine führen, was durch eine Senkung der Operationsmorbidität auch erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Indikationsstellung zu neurochirurgischen Eingriffen haben wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Glioblastoma ; Surgery ; Methaemoglobin ; Hydrogen peroxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of glioblastomas to assess residual tumour should be performed within the first 4 days following surgery. Early methaemoglobin formation near the resection site may mimic residual tumour if only gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced images are obtained. In a prospective study 24 of 54 patients (44%) showed well-defined areas of increased signal intensity on unenhanced T1-weighted images performed soon after surgery. By in vitro experiments we showed that hydrogen peroxide used in neurosurgery as a styptic agent accelerates formation of methaemoglobin when added to whole blood samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 338 (1988), S. 671-677 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Conditioning ; Stereotypies ; Extinction ; Haloperidol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In previous studies it was established that stereo-typies (sniffing, licking, gnawing) produced by apomorphine can be conditioned and after repeated pairings with defined conditioned stimuli (auditory, tactile + olfactory) these stereotypies can be observed in the presence of the conditioned stimuli alone. In the present experiments, the extinction of these conditioned stereotypies was studied in one series; in another series, the possible inhibition of conditioned stereotypies by the blocker of dopamine receptors, haloperidol, was measured. The rats were conditioned (or the controls pseudoconditioned, respectively) for either 3 or 10 days with 2.0 mg/kg s. c. apomorphine or 6 days with 0.5 mg/kg s. c. of the drug and by placing them into particular cages in the presence of an auditory and an olfactory stimulus. Under all these conditions, episodes of conditioned stereotypies were observed, when solvent + conditioned stimuli instead of apomorphine was applied 1 day after the last conditioning session (first session of extinction). The conditioned responses seemed to be on the highest level after conditioning with 2.0 mg/kg apomorphine 3 days, lower after conditioning with the same dose on 10 days, and even lower after conditioning for 6 days with 0.5 mg/kg. Under all these conditions, the stereotypies summed up and averaged for the total observation period of 60 min rapidly decreased during the extinction period, so that on day 4 of the extinction period, no further significant differences between conditioned and pseudoconditioned animals were observed, although a short initial period was still observed on the fourth day. On day 3 of extinction, not only an early, but also a late episode of conditioned stereotypies was manifest, interrupted by an almost silent period. The acute (unconditioned) stereotypies produced by 0.5 mg/kg s. c. apomorphine were almost completely suppressed by pre-treatment with 0.1 mg/kg i. p. haloperidol. In contrast, the same dose of haloperidol produced a much less pronounced inhibition of conditioned stereotypies after conditioning with the same dose of apomorphine for 6 times. These results, together with previous findings, suggest that the conditioned behavioural effects are not due to an activation of dopaminergic mechanisms during conditioning with apomorphine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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