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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Dipyrone ; Metamizol ; Spinal cord ; Afferent fibres ; Inflammatory pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electrophysiological experiments in anesthetized cats and rats were performed in order to study the effects of dipyrone on single afferent fibers from the knee joint and on spinal cord neurons with knee joint input. The neurons were activated and/or rendered hyperexcitable by an acute inflammation in the knee joint. In the joint nerve in cats, intravenous dipyrone (25–100 mg/kg) reduced ongoing activity in 10/12 thinly myelinated afferents but only in 1/10 unmyelinated afferents; the responses to movements of the inflamed knee were reduced in 8/10 thinly myelinated but only in 3/10 unmyelinated units. The reduction of activity was significant 20–30 min after application and was maximal at 60–180 min. In the spinal cord of spinalized cats, intravenous dipyrone (25–100 mg/kg) reduced ongoing activity and/or responses to pressure onto the inflamed knee in 14/16 neurons and in non-spinalized rats similar effects were seen in 10/11 neurons. Effects on spinal cord neurons started 5–10 min after application and were maximal after 20–40 min. These data show pronounced suppression of inflammation-induced nociception by dipyrone and they suggest that the spinal cord is a major site of action of this compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 972-980 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Akutes Lungenversagen ; Ventilator-assoziierte Lungenschädigung ; Hochfrequenzoszillationsventilation ; Übersicht ; Keywords Acute lung injury ; Ventilator-associated lung injury ; High frequency oscillatory ventilation ; Review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Mechanical ventilation is the mainstay of therapy for acute lung injury, a disease with remainingly high morbidity and mortality. As a result of an improved understanding that mechanical ventilation itself can contribute to and aggravate the disease process, the term ventilator-assoicated lung injury (VALI) has been introduced. Main risk factor for VALI are (1) alveolar overdistention caused by excessivly high tidal volumes and/or inspiratory pressures (volu-/barotrauma), as well as (2) cyclic alveolar collapse promoted by insufficient endexpiratory pressure. So called “lung-protective ventilatory strategies” aim at minimizing these risk factors by the use of small tidal volumes and high PEEP levels. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) can be regarded as an ultimate form of this approach, combining minimal pressure changes with a high continuous distending pressure (CDP). That CDP is generated using high fresh gas flows (“Super-CPAP”), while a piston pump incorporated into the system creates an oscillatory flow at frequencies ranging from 3–7 Hz. An inital lung volume recruitment manoeuvre is mandatory for the optimal use of HFOV. Whereas for many years HFOV is a well established therapy for the infant respiratory distress syndrome, experience in adults is still rare. First results, however, look promising, and HFOV might as well turn out as a valuable treatment modalitiy for ARDS.
    Notes: Zusamenfassung Mechanische Beatmung stellt nach wie vor die grundlegende Intervention in der Therapie des akuten Lungenversagens dar. Trotz einer Reihe von neueren Erkenntnissen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten ist die Morbidität und Mortalität dieses Krankheitsbilds nach wie vor hoch. Die Erkenntnis, dass die Beatmung selbst den Krankheitsverlauf beeinflussen und agravieren kann, führte zur Beschreibung der Ventilator-assoziierten Lungenschädigung. Als Hauptrisikofaktoren wurden dabei (1) die alveoläre Überdehnung durch zu hohe Beatmungsvolumina und/oder -drücke (Volu-/Barotrauma) und (2) der zyklische Alveolarkollaps durch unzureichenden endexspiratorischen Druck (Derecruitment) identifiziert. Sogenannte “lung protective ventilatory strategies” versuchen, diese Faktoren durch Anwendung kleiner Tidalvolumina und hoher PEEP-Niveaus zu minimieren. Eine “Maximalvariante” dieser Beatmungsform stellt die Hochfrequenzoszillationsventilation (HFOV) dar, bei der minimale Druckschwankungen mit einem gleichbleibend hohen Atemwegmitteldruck kombiniert werden. Bei diesem Verfahren wird ein hoher kontinuierlicher alveolärer Distentionsdruck mit Hilfe eines hohen Gasflusses (“Super-CPAP”) aufgebaut. Ein in das System integrierter Oszillatorkolben versetzt den Gasfluss in oszillierende Schwingungen mit einer Frequenz von 3–7 Hertz und ermöglicht damit die Ventilation. Voraussetzung für eine optimale Anwendung der HFOV ist ein sorgfältiges, initiales Recruitment der Lunge. Während die HFOV in der Neonatologie seit Jahren ein etabliertes Verfahren zur Behandlung des infant respiratory distress syndrome darstellt, ist ein geeignetes Gerät für den Einsatz beim Erwachsenen erst seit wenigen Jahren verfügbar. Erste Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass sich die HFOV durchaus zum Bestandteil einer optimierten Therapie des ARDS entwickeln könnte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In organotypic corticostriatal and hippocampal slice cultures from rat brain, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid but not glutaric and glutaconic acids induced neurodegeneration by activation of NMDA receptors. Electrophysiological investigations (Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing glutamate receptors; rat mixed cortex culture) revealed no direct interaction of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid with glutamate receptors. We speculate that 3-hydroxyglutaric acid induces a mild energy deprivation that interferes with the voltage-dependent Mg2+-block of NMDA receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 858-858 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 65 (1993), S. 1104-1105 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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