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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y and Nonadrenergic Mechanisms in the Sympathetic Vascular Control of the Nasal Mucosa (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 611 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48974.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of symptoms of non-allergic chronic rhinitis by local treatment with capsaicin (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 21 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixteen adult patients suffering from severe chronic non-allergic rhinitis with nasal vasoconstrictor abuse for more than a year, received, under local anaesthesia, an intra-nasal spray of capsaicin (3.3 × 10−3 mol), the pungent agent in hot pepper, once weekly for 5 weeks. The subjective intensity of their nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea and sneezing frequency were evaluated throughout the study and the vascular effects of capsaicin on the nasal mucosa were recorded by anterior rhinomanometry and laser Doppler flowmetry. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a vasodilator agent present in sensory nerves and may play a major role in the vascular component of neurogenic inflammation. Therefore, the nasal mucosa content of CGRP-like immunoreaclivity (CGRP-LI) was determined by radioimmunoassay in biopsies obtained before and after the capsaicin treatment. Intra-nasal capsaicin application evoked a larger vascular response in patients with rhinitis than in controls (P〈0.05). Both nasal vascular responses and subjective discomfort following capsaicin were markedly reduced after the fifth application (P〈 0.01). In parallel, a 50% reduction of the CG RP- LI content in the nasal biopsies was observed. All symptoms were significantly improved throughout a 6 month follow-up period. No significant side-effects occurred and weaning from nasal vasoconstrictor agents was possible. Both the subjective symptom score and objective measurements of vascular reactivity suggest that repeated intra-nasal capsaicin application could be beneficial for patients with chronic rhinitis, possibly by reducing hyperreactive nasal reflexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb00852.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular control of the pig nasal mucosa: distribution and effect of somatostatin in relation to noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 40 (1992), S. 373-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Keywords: Nasal mucosa ; Neuropeptide Y ; Noradrenaline ; Peptide histidine isoleucine ; Pig ; Somatostatin ; Vascular control ; Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(92)90524-X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional effects of phosphoramidon and captopril on exogenous neuropeptides in human nasal mucosa (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 83-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Human nasal mucosa ; Sensory neuropeptides ; Endopeptidase inhibition ; Phosphoramidon ; Captopril
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The functional effects of the intranasal application of exogenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers before and after neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibition with phosphoramidon (PA) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with captopril. The three neuropeptides increased nasal airway resistance (NAR) measured by anterior rhinomanometry and superficial capillary blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). After pretreatment of the nasal mucosa with PA, the effects of VIP, SP and CGRP on the LDF signal, NAR and mucus production were potentiated, whereas local pretreatment with captopril did not modify these functional effects. These observations suggest that NEP, but not ACE, may participate in the catabolism of neuropeptides when applied directly to the human nasal mucosa. Furthermore, since these neuropeptides induced nasal obstruction, increased blood flow and rhinorrhea, a decreased activity of the enzymes involved in their degradation could be involved in the physiopathology of rhinitis symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168025
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutral endopeptidase activity and concentration of sensory neuropeptide in the human nasal mucosa (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 465-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human nasal mucosa biopsy samples were studied by biochemical and histological methods to determine whether the concentration of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) as a marker of sensory nerves was dependent on the activity of neutral endopeptidase-like enzyme (NEP-LE). Mucosal samples from the middle turbinate were obtained from 32 patients undergoing functional endoscopic nasal surgery for non-allergic chronic rhinosinusitis. The degree of symptoms related to nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and headaches was recorded. The number of inflammatory cells in each biopsy sample was evaluated by conventional histopathological examination. CGRP-LI was measured by radioimmunoassay. The activity of NEP-LE was evaluated in vitro using [3H] Leu5-enkephalin as substrate. A good correlation was observed between increased concentrations of CGRP, abundant inflammatory cells and the intensity of symptoms (R2 = 0.80). A low activity of NEP-LE was associated with a high concentration of both inflammatory cells and CGRP, suggesting that NEP-LE activity was reduced during inflammation. These observations further support the hypothesis that reduced degradation of sensory neuropeptides could be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of non-specific chronic rhinosinusitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114752
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beta-adrenergic mechanisms in the nasal mucosa vascular bed (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 298-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Nasal mucosa ; Adrenergic mechanisms ; β2-agonist ; β3agonist ; Propranolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In thiopentone-anesthetized mature pigs (n = 7), local intra-arterial infusion of the β2-adrenoceptor agonists terbutaline and salbutamol and the β3-agonist BRL 37344 induced dose-dependent increases in nasal arterial blood flow (BF) and volume of the nasal mucosa (reflecting capacitance vessel function). Increases were also found in the laser Doppler flowmeter signal, reflecting superficial mucosal BE. In contrast to terbutaline and salbutamol, BRL 37344 showed marked effects on volume. Pretreatment with the β-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol significantly reduced the vasodilatory effects of terbutaline and salbutamol, whereas the BF increase evoked by BRL 37344 was not affected. Exogenous noradrenaline (NA) induced in vitro dose-dependent contractions of human nasal mucosa biopsies obtained from patients with non-allergic chronic rhinitis (n = 21) or non-allergic nasal polyposis (NANP, n = 16). On a molar basis, the contractile effect of NA was significantly greater in nasal mucosa samples without histological abnormalities when compared to biopsies with abundant inflammatory cells and edema within the submucosa. In the presence of propranolol, the vasoconstrictor effect of NA was significantly enhanced in biopsies with abundant inflammatory cells obtained from patients with NANP (P〈0.01). This observation suggests the possible occurrence of a β2 hyper-reactivity in the nasal mucosa of patients with NANP. After precontraction in a Krebs-Ringer solution with 50 nM K+, all nasal biopsies studied showed dose-dependent relaxation to terbutaline, salbutamol and BRL 37344. This relaxant effect was markedly reduced after pretreatment with propranolol. These observations suggest that β2- and β3-adrenergic vasodilatatory mechanisms may be similar in the nasal mucosa of the pig and man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185393
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y: presence in sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the nasal mucosa (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 119-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nasal mucosa ; Neuropeptide Y (NPY) ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) ; Noradrenaline ; Sympathetic/parasympathetic innervation ; Pig ; Cat ; Guinea-pig ; Rat ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) in the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the nasal mucosa was studied in various species including man. A dense network of NPY-immunoreactive (IR) fibres was present around arteries and arterioles in the nasal mucosa of all species studied. NPY was also located in nerves around seromucous glands in pig and guinea-pig, but not in rat, cat and man. The NPY-IR glandular innervation corresponded to about 20% of the NPY content of the nasal mucosa as revealed by remaining NPY content determined by radioimmunoassay after sympathectomy. These periglandular NPY-positive fibres had a distribution similar to the VIP-IR and PHI-IR nerves but not to the noradrenergic markers tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH). The NPY nerves around glands and some perivascular fibres were not influenced by sympathectomy and probably originated in the sphenopalatine ganglion where NPY-IR and VIP-IR ganglion cells were present. The venous sinusoids were innervated by NPY-positive fibres in all species except the cat. Dense NPY and DBH-positive innervation was seen around thick-walled vessels in the pig nasal mucosa; the latter may represent arterio-venous shunts. Double-labelling experiments using TH and DBH, and surgical sympathectomy revealed that the majority of NPY-IR fibres around blood vessels were probably noradrenergic. The NPY-positive perivascular nerves that remained after sympathectomy in the pig nasal mucosa also contained VIP/PHI-IR. The major nasal blood vessels, i.e. sphenopalatine artery and vein, were also densely innervated by NPY-IR fibres of sympathetic origin. Perivascular VIP-IR fibres were present around small arteries, arterioles, venous sinusoids and arterio-venous shunt vessels of the nasal mucosa whereas major nasal vessels received only single VIP-positive nerves. The trigeminal ganglion of the species studied contained only single TH-IR or VIP-IR but no NPY-positive ganglion cells. It is concluded that NPY in the nasal mucosa is mainly present in perivascular nerves of sympathetic origin. In some species, such as pig, glandular and perivascular parasympathetic nerves, probably of VIP/PHI nature, also contain NPY.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571436
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