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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y levels in central and peripheral cerebrospinal fluid in patients with intracranial disorders (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 112 (1991), S. 132-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; cerebrospinal fluid ; central nervous system diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was measured in central and peripheral cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients suffering from various intracranial disorders. The central NPY-like immunoreactivity (LI) level showed a concentration of 129±19 pmol·l−1 and was significantly increased (p〈0.05) compared to peripheral CSF (73±9 pmol·l−1). From five patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage the CSF NPY-LI levels reached 154±47 pmol·l−1. In five patients peripheral and central CSF was collected at the same occasion and the CSF NPY-LI concentration was 76±17 pmol·l−1 in peripheral and 142±23 pmol·l−1 in central CSF (p〈0.01), respectively. In a reference group of 9 patients, who were examined by lumbar myelography because of suspected intervertebral herniated discs, the peripheral CSF NPY-LI concentration was 59±5 pmol·l−1 a value which was also significantly lower compared to NPY-LI levels in central CSF. Thus it is obvious that NPY is present in human CSF with a relatively higher concentration in central than in peripheral CSF at least in patients with disorders of the central nervous system, suggesting a central origin of the NPY.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405141
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substance P Is Present in Cholinergic Paravertebral Sympathetic Neurons Innervating Exocrine Sweat Glands (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 632 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33145.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y and Nonadrenergic Mechanisms in the Sympathetic Vascular Control of the Nasal Mucosa (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 611 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48974.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of symptoms of non-allergic chronic rhinitis by local treatment with capsaicin (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 21 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixteen adult patients suffering from severe chronic non-allergic rhinitis with nasal vasoconstrictor abuse for more than a year, received, under local anaesthesia, an intra-nasal spray of capsaicin (3.3 × 10−3 mol), the pungent agent in hot pepper, once weekly for 5 weeks. The subjective intensity of their nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea and sneezing frequency were evaluated throughout the study and the vascular effects of capsaicin on the nasal mucosa were recorded by anterior rhinomanometry and laser Doppler flowmetry. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a vasodilator agent present in sensory nerves and may play a major role in the vascular component of neurogenic inflammation. Therefore, the nasal mucosa content of CGRP-like immunoreaclivity (CGRP-LI) was determined by radioimmunoassay in biopsies obtained before and after the capsaicin treatment. Intra-nasal capsaicin application evoked a larger vascular response in patients with rhinitis than in controls (P〈0.05). Both nasal vascular responses and subjective discomfort following capsaicin were markedly reduced after the fifth application (P〈 0.01). In parallel, a 50% reduction of the CG RP- LI content in the nasal biopsies was observed. All symptoms were significantly improved throughout a 6 month follow-up period. No significant side-effects occurred and weaning from nasal vasoconstrictor agents was possible. Both the subjective symptom score and objective measurements of vascular reactivity suggest that repeated intra-nasal capsaicin application could be beneficial for patients with chronic rhinitis, possibly by reducing hyperreactive nasal reflexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb00852.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polypeptide-Containing Neurons in Airway Smooth Muscle (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 49 (1987), S. 557-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.49.030187.003013
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capsaicin-sensitive nerves and the cutaneous allergy reaction in man (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of local capsaicin pretreatment on the cutaneous triple response reaction induced by allergen exposure or anti-IgE were studied in man. Acute exposure of the human skin to capsaicin caused a burning sensation and a clearcut flare reaction but no wheal response. Upon repeated administration these local reactions to capsaicin disappeared. The Hare component and the subjective itching sensation of the cutaneous allergy reaction to rat antigen in sensitized persons or anti-IgE in non-allergic persons were then markedly reduced. Two weeks after capsaicin pretreatment the flare response to allergen was not significantly changed compared to the control reaction, suggesting a reversible effect of capsaicin treatment. The wheal component of the allergy or anti-IgE reaction was, however, not influenced by capsaicin pretreatment, indicating that the wheal and flare components are caused by different mechanisms. It is concluded that capsaicin sensitive sensory nerves are of importance for the human cutaneous triple response reaction induced by allergen exposure. Thus, secondary release of mediators, such as CGRP or tachykinins from sensory nerve branches, may contribute to the flare component of this reaction. Furthermore the itching sensation seems to be dependent to a large extent on capsaicin-sensitive nerves. However, sensory nerves seem to have less importance for the wheal reaction, i.e. the protein extravasation response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02182.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local immune response and bronchial reactivity in rats after capsaicin treatment (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The interaction between the nervous system, immune system and bronchial reactivity was studied in rat by using the neurotoxin capsaicin. Rats were treated with capsaicin at 1-2 days of age or at adult age, before or after sensitization by subcutaneous injections with ovalbumin (OA). The levels of the neuropeptides neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide were decreased in the lung after capsaicin treatment, as determined with radioimmunoassay, whereas the levels of neuropeptide Y were unaffected. The levels of IgA, IgE and IgG in bronchial lavage were also affected by capsaicin treatment; however, the results were heterogeneous. Capsaicin treatment after sensitization reduced the bronchial reactivity to challenge with OA aerosol and serotonin iv. The results demonstrated that reduction of neuropeptide levels with capsaicin affected both bronchial reactivity and the levels of antibodies in bronchial lavage fluid. However, no correlation between these two parameters was seen, demonstrating the complexity of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00589.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of allergen provocation on inflammatory cell profile and endothelin-like immunoreactivity in guinea-pig airways (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of allergen challenge on the number of leucocytes and the concentration of endothelin 1-like immunoreactivity (ET-LI) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALE) was investigated in guinea-pigs sensitized to Ascaris suum. The animals were twice exposed to allergen aerosol. All animals responded to the second challenge with bronchoconstriction. Twelve hours later, a significant increase in the number of eosinophilic granulocytes in BALE, compared to unsensitized and unprovoked control animals, was noted. Twenty-four hours after provocation, there was also an elevation of ET-LI concentration and content of neutrophils. During the first day post-challenge, the ET-LI values were moderately correlated to the eosinophil levels. One week after challenge, the ET-LI level and the neutrophil count did not differ from corresponding values in control animals whereas the number of eosinophils remained elevated. Pretreatment with dexamethasone before the second allergen challenge did not consistently affect the parameters studied during the first 24 h. Bronchoconstriction induced by carbachol aerosol affected significantly neither the ET-LI concentration nor the number of inflammatory cells in BALE. It is concluded that the allergen-induced inflammation in the guinea-pig airways causes an elevation in the ET-LI concentration in BALE and that this is moderately correlated to the influx of eosinophils during the first 24 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01159.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of vinblastine on neuropeptide Y levels in the sympathoadrenal system, bone marrow and thrombocytes of the rat (1991)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 34 (1991), S. 429-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The dose-related and time-related effects of vinblastine on tissue, platelet and plasma content of neuropeptide Y (NPY) were investigated in the rat and compared to the effects on catecholamine (CA) content. CA was quantified by HPLC with electrochemical detection and NPY-like immunoreactivity (LI) was analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Vinblastine (3.0 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased levels of both NPY-LI and CA after 48 h in the kidney, vas deferens and adrenal gland, whereas in the coeliac ganglion and bone marrow vinblastine induced an increase of NPY-LI which occurred already at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg. Also the content of NPY-LI in platelet-poor plasma and platelets as well as the decapitation-induced increase of plasma levels of noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) were attenuated by vinblastine (3.0 mg/kg). The elevation of NPY-LI content in the kidney, coeliac ganglion and bone marrow as well as the reduced levels of NPY-LI in platelets and platelet-poor plasma was observed already after 24 hours, whereas the reduction of NPY-LI and CA in the kidney and adrenal gland was present after 2 days. Vinblastine caused a biphasic effect on the content of NPY-LI in the sympathetic nerves of the kidney with an initial increase (by 120% at 24 h) followed by a decrease (by 79% at 4 days). The effect on NA-levels, however, was only a decrease. The axonal transport of NPY-LI as revealed by accumulation above a ligation of the sciatic nerve was reduced by 27% 2 days after vinblastine 3 mg/kg. The vinblastine-evoked depletion of NPY-LI and catecholamines in the kidney as well as in the adrenal was largely prevented by chlorisondamine, a nicotinic ganglionic blocking agent, suggesting that preganglionic neuronal activity was a key factor for this effect, in contrast to the influence on the coeliac ganglion cells and the megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Furthermore, the delayed vinblastine depletion of NPY-LI in the kidney resembled the influence of surgical axotomy while reserpine caused a more rapid and complete depletion of both NPY-LI and NA. It is concluded that the multiple effects of vinblastine on sympathetic nerves, adrenal gland and megakaryocytes/thrombocytes can be monitored by analysis of NPY and be related to interference with microbutuli function and/or neuronal activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01988740
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polypeptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in rectal carcinoids (1983)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 401 (1983), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human rectum ; Carcinoids ; PP ; PYY ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The frequency and distribution of polypeptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) immunoreactive tumour cells of 14 small intestinal and of 27 rectal carcinoids were studied. All small intestinal and 14 rectal tumours were unreactive to both hormones. However, 13 rectal carcinoids contained a variable number of PP-immunoreactive cells. In four of these cases both PYY- and PP-immunoreactive cells were seen. The PP-immunoreactive cells greatly exceeded the number of PYY-immunoreactive cells. Two rectal carcinoids with PYY and PP immunoreactivities, but not the rest of the tumours, reacted also with an antiserum specific to the C-terminus of PP. This indicates that most PP immunoreactive rectal carcinoids lack the C-terminus sequence of the PP molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644790
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