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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of type I and type II phospholipase A2 on rat peritoneal mast cells (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. S5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01674369
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects ofβ 2-adrenergic agonists on isolated guinea pig lung mast cells (1994)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 42 (1994), S. 92-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Asthma ; β-agonist ; Mast cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mast cell protective effects of the newly developed long-actingβ 2-adrenergic salmeterol and formoterol were compared with those of conventionally usedβ 2-adrenergic, non-specific β-agonists, disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and theophylline. With the exception of DSCG, all the test agents inhibited ovalbumin-induced histamine release from enzymically dispersed guinea pig lung mast cells in a dose-dependent fashion. At the maximum concentration tested, theophylline produced the highest level of protection, inhibiting up to 90% of ovalbumin-induced histamine release whereas DSCG produced only 10% inhibition. The maximum inhibition produced by all theβ 2-adrenergic tested was around 45%. While salmeterol was equipotent with salbutamol, formoterol was at least a 100-fold more potent. Hence the present study confirmed the previously reported mast cell stabilizing actions of conventionalβ 2-adrenergic and extended the observation to the newly developed long-acting analogues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01983471
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of respiratory and atopic disorders in Chinese schoolchildren (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Epidemiological surveys have shown that the prevalence of asthma in the Asian population is relatively low. Within the Chinese population, schoolchildren from Hong Kong were found to have the highest rate of asthma.Objective To compare the prevalence of respiratory and atopic disorders, and to assess the role of atopy in the development of asthma, in Chinese schoolchildren from Hong Kong, Beijing and Guangzhou.Methods Community-based random samples of schoolchildren aged 9–11 years from three Chinese cities (Hong Kong, Beijing and Guangzhou) were recruited for study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II protocol. Subjects were studied by parental questionnaires (n = 10902), skin-prick tests (n = 3479) and skin examination (n = 3479).Results The prevalence rates of current wheeze, speech limiting wheeze, rhinoconjunctivitis and flexural dermatitis were significantly more common in Hong Kong than in Beijing or Guangzhou. The atopy rate was also higher in Hong Kong (41.2%) than in Beijing (23.9%) or Guangzhou (30.8%). Atopy was strongly correlated with current wheeze (OR 7.74; 95% CI = 5.70–10.51). Subgroup analyses of children from Hong Kong revealed that children born in mainland China who had subsequently migrated to Hong Kong had a significantly lower rate of allergic symptoms and atopy than those children born in Hong Kong.Conclusion Using a standardized written questionnaire along with a skin prick test and skin examination, we confirmed that the prevalence of asthma, allergic diseases and atopy was highest in schoolchildren from Hong Kong. Atopic sensitization is an important factor associated with asthma in Chinese children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01140.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Royal jelly consumption and hypersensitivity in the community (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Royal jelly consumption has recently been linked with acute asthma, anaphylaxis and death. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to detennine the prevalence of and the relationship between royal jelly consumption and hypersensitivity reactions.Methods 1472 hospital employees of a teaching hospital in Hong Kong completed a questionnaire on royal jelly consumption and related allergic symptoms, and 176 questionnaire respondents and 300 consecutive asthma clinic patients were skin tested to royal jelly.Results Royal jelly consumption was high, with 461 out of 1472 subjects (31.3%) having taken royal jelly in the past. A total of nine subjects reported 14 adverse reactions to royal jelly, including urticaria, eczema, rhinitis and acute asthma. Thirteen out of 176 questionnaire respondents (7.4%) and 23 out of 300 consecutive asthma clinic attendees (7.3%) had positive skin test to pure royal jelly. All but one of the 36 subjects with positive royal jelly skin test were atopic to other common allergens. Positive associations were found between positive royal jelly skin test and atopy (OR = 33.73, 95% CI 4.51 to 252.11), adverse reactions to royal jelly and a history of clinical allergy (OR = 2.88, 95% CI 0.72 to 11.58), but not between royal jelly symptoms and previous royal jelly intake.Conclusion Royal jelly consumption is high in the community of Hong Kong. Atopic individuals are at high risk of sensitization to royal jelly but the precise relationship between royal jelly use, positive royal jelly skin test and clinical manifestations of adverse reactions to royal jelly, remains to be defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00712.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene expression of interleukin-3 and granuloeyte maerophage colony-stimulating factor in circulating CD4+ T cells in acute severe asthma (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Backgrouud Interleukin (IL)-3 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimilating factor (GM-CSF) may influence the inflammatory process in asthma through their regulatory role on eosinophil survival, differentiation and effector function.Objective To examine the relationships between IL-3 and GM-CSF messenger (m) ribonticleic acid (RNA) expression in peripheral blood CD4+ cells and serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a marker of eosinophil activation, and disease activity in asthma.Methods Venous blood was drawn from patients with acute severe asthma prior to the commencement of systemic steroid therapy (day 1) and 7 days afterwards (day 7). patients with stable disease and normal healthy volunteers. The capacity for expression of I L-3 and GM-CSF in ex vivo stimtuated circulating CD4+ cells was assessed semiquantitatively by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results We found that the capacity for expression of I L-3 and GM-CSF was significantly higher in acute asthmatics prior to steroid treatment (n = 24) than those in stable disease (n = 38) and healthy subjects (n = 32, P 0.001 for IL-3 and 〈0.05 for GM-CSF), but no difference was observed between the latter two groups. Further assessment made in 15 of the 24 acute asthmatics 7 days after systemic steroid treatment revealed a significant reduction in GM-CSF expression (P〈0.05) but not for IL-3. At the same time, PEF also improved significantly from 30.4 ± 3.5% of predicted value to 72.9 ± 7.2% (P 〈 0.0001) and serum ECP concentration also fell from 19.9 ± 5.9 μg/L to 4.3 ± 2.0 μg/L (n= 10, P 0.01).Conclusion Our data suggest both IL-3 and GM-CSF may be important in the pathogenesis of acute severe asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00072.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does inhaled PAF cause airway hyperresponsiveness in humans? (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 20 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb03135.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Declining asthma prevalence in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Many studies have reported an increase in the prevalence of asthma and related atopic disorders. The lack of standardized methodologies and ‘objective’ measurements make reliable comparison and monitoring of trends of asthma very difficult.Methods In this study, a total of 3321 schoolchildren aged 13–14 years were recruited for study using the Phase III Protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergic discase in Childhood (ISAAC). The results were compared with those obtained in the Phase I ISAAC study (1994–95), which used the identical and validated core questionnaires.Results The prevalence rates of physicians' diagnosis of asthma were similar in the two surveys (11.2% and 10.2%), but the prevalence rates of wheeze (written questionnaire) in the past year have decreased from 12.4% in 1994–95 to 8.7% in 2002 (P〈0.001). For the video questionnaire, all asthmatic symptoms in the preceding 12 months were significantly lower in 2002 when compared with those in 1994–95. Among the subjects with diagnosed asthma, the prevalence rates of wheeze in the past 12 months (written questionnaire) has decreased from 39.1% to 27.6% (P〈0.001). The prevalence rates of having wheezing attack at least once per month (video questionnaire) has decreased from 10.5% to 5.6% (P=0.013).Conclusion Using the same standardized and validated ISAAC questionnaire, the prevalence rates of asthma symptoms in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren have decreased since 1994. The exact reasons for such trend remain to be explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02064.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of latex allergy in hospital staff in Hong Kong (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The prevalence of latex allergy in healthcare workers in Asian populations is unknown.Methods We studied 1472 employees in a teaching hospital in Hong Kong using written questionnaires and 133 respondents underwent skin prick testing to latex glove eluates and common allergens.Results Glove-related symptoms were common and 455 (30.9%) reported one or more symptoms, the majority of which could be classified as glove dermatitis (GD). On the other hand, symptoms suggestive of latex allergy such as urticaria, rhinitis, wheeze and asthma, were encountered less frequently and were noted by 3.3%. In particular, one developed asthma and two had wheezing, but there was no report of anaphylaxis. A total of 9.9% reported allergic symptoms from contact with other latex devices, in particular, rubber bands, rubber boots, goggles and swimming. Nine subjects (6.8%) had positive skin test to one or more of the five latex extracts. All were atopic to common allergens. Skin test positivity to latex and banana extracts was positively correlated (P 〈 0.05). In univariate logistic regression, daily glove use, personal history of allergic disease and history of allergic symptoms to latex-containing devices other than gloves were significant risk factors for both GD and LA. Nurses were more likely to complain of GD and workers with positive skin test to latex were 8.6 times more likely to have symptoms of LA. In multiple logistic regression, the remaining significant associations were between history of daily glove use and GD (OR = 50.11, 95% CI 15.88–158.13), and between positive latex skin test and LA (OR = 8.14, 95% CI 1.27–52.36).Conclusion Glove-related symptoms are common in healthcare workers in Hong Kong. Gloved healthcare workers are at risk of becoming sensitized to latex, and those with positive latex skin tests, long glove exposure time and frequent glove changes are at risk of clinical latex allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00689.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the ISAAC video questionnaire (AVQ 3.0) with the ISAAC written questionnaire for estimating asthma associated with bronchial hyperreactivity (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background A standardized protocol is essential for international comparisons of asthma prevalence and severity. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) used a standardized written questionnaire (WQ) and a video questionnaire (AVQ3.0) to survey the prevalence and severity of asthma in 13–14-year-old schoolchildren in different countries.Objective To compare the effectiveness of WQ and AVQ3.0 in predicting bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), defined as having a provocation dose of inhaled methacholine causing a 20% fall in baseline FEV1 of 7.8μmol.Methods One hundred and eighty-nine Chinese schoolchildren completed a written questionnaire followed by a video questionnaire on asthma symptoms. They then underwent bronchial challenge to methacholine.Results Fair correlations were seen between the first two corresponding questions (moderate wheezing at rest and exercise wheeze) in the two questionnaires with Kapper indices of 0.44 and 0.43, respectively. The ability to predict BHR, as indicated by the Youden's index, was similar between the corresponding questions of the two questionnaires, except for ‘severe wheeze’ which had a significantly higher Youden's index in AVQ3.0 (0.44) than the corresponding question in WQ (0.11, P〈0.05).Conclusion The ISAAC International video questionnaire is at least as effective as the ISAAC written questionnaire in predicting BHR. It therefore provides a simple and valid tool for international comparisons of asthma prevalence and severity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00742.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of association between HLA-DQ and -DR genotypes and asthma in southern Chinese patients (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Asthma is an inflammatory disease with a strong genetic predisposition. We have studied a group of unrelated asthmatic patients of southern Chinese origin on their HLA-DR and -DQ regions using molecular techniques and compared them with 104 healthy controls of the same ethnic origin. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to genotype the MHC class II DR β, DQ α and DQ β loci of the subjects. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using sequence specific primer (SSP) for DQ β genes was also performed. No significant difference was found in the HLA-DQ and -DR loci between the patients and the controls. All patients had their serum IgE antibody levels measured, bronchial reactivity assessed by histamine broncho-provocation and cutaneous reactivity to common allergens determined by skin-prick tests to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, mixed grass pollens, Aspergillus fumigatus, cat fur and dog dander and they were classified respectively. The HLA-DR and -DQ genotypes of these subgroups of patients were compared. There was no significant difference among these subgroups of patients according to their serum IgE levels, the degree of bronchial reactivity and whether they were positive for the skin tests for the various allergens respectively. The results suggest that HLA-DQ and -DR genotypes are not associated with asthma in southern Chinese people.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01050.x
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