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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 11 (1889), S. 59-69 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neurone-glia interaction ; Amino acid transmitters ; K+ ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The action of inhibitory amino acid transmitters GABA, glycine, β-alanine and taurine has been studied on the membrane potential of cultured astrocytes and on the extracellular K+-concentration ([K+]0) using K+-sensitive microelectrodes. All four amino acids caused a depolarization of glial cells and an increase of [K+]0. The effects produced by GABA were usually more pronounced than those caused by the other amino acids. Simultaneous recordings of the action of GABA and glycine on the glial membrane potential and on [K+]0 usually revealed a good correlation in time course, but often there were differences between the amplitudes of glial depolarizations and the values calculated from the [K+]0 increase. 4-Aminopyridine, which blocks K+-conductance of excitable membranes, reversibly abolished both the glial depolarization and the [K+]0 increase produced by GABA and glycine. From these results it is concluded that unlike neurones, glial cells do not have receptors for these amino acid transmitters and that their action on glial cells is caused by the efflux of K+ from activated neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 127 (1994), S. 91-98 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Abscess ; basal ganglia ; thalamus ; stereotactic puncture ; drainage ; medication ; outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A review is made of the current management strategies of abscesses in basal ganglia and thalamus, based on a review of the literature and three of our own cases. Clinical picture, aetiology, diagnostic, surgical treatment and outcome are discussed. Stereotactic abscess puncture in combination with temporary drainage and rinsing of the abscess cavity in combination with systemic medication of antibiotics has become the management of choice with satisfactory results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 11 (1889), S. 80-92 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 75 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: These experiments for the first time examine simultaneous changes in glucose and lactate in unanaesthetised animals during moderate hypoxia. Unanaesthetised rats were exposed to moderate hypoxia for a period of 15 min by reducing inspired oxygen to 8%. Changes in glucose and lactate were monitored in rat cortex using microdialysis and a novel dual enzyme-based assay. Samples of dialysate collected at 3-min intervals were assayed for both glucose and lactate. There was an early rapid rise of lactate that reached a peak at the end of the period of hypoxia followed by a steep decline. Glucose showed a very much smaller delayed increase that started during the period of hypoxia and continued beyond it. The origin of the rise in glucose is discussed, using the temporal relationship between the lactate and glucose changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the effects of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) similar to those emitted by mobile phones on waking regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 12 healthy young men. Two types of RF EMF exposure were applied: a ‘base-station-like’ and a ‘handset-like’ signal. Positron emission tomography scans were taken after 30 min unilateral head exposure to pulse-modulated 900 MHz RF EMF (10 g tissue-averaged spatial peak-specific absorption rate of 1 W/kg for both conditions) and sham control. We observed an increase in relative rCBF in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the side of exposure. The effect depended on the spectral power in the amplitude modulation of the RF carrier such that only ‘handset-like’ RF EMF exposure with its stronger low-frequency components but not the ‘base-station-like’ RF EMF exposure affected rCBF. This finding supports our previous observation that pulse modulation of RF EMF is necessary to induce changes in the waking and sleep EEG, and substantiates the notion that pulse modulation is crucial for RF EMF-induced alterations in brain physiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 35 (1998), S. s080 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lokales zerebrales Monitoring – zerebrale Mikrodialyse ; Key words Cerebral microdialysis – monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cerebral microdialysis is a potent research tool in experimental neurobiology and is now also introduced in intraoperative monitoring and neurointensive care. The method has the potential to be used as focal monitoring of intact brain or of brain regions of therapeutic interest. Our work includes experimental assessment of sensitive parameters as glucose, lactate, glucose-lactate index, and pH of dialysates. The investigation included focal cerebral ischemia, intracerebral and subdural haematoma, and glutamate neurotoxicity. The clinical work used intraoperative monitoring to assess normal value ranges, pathophysiologic ranges, and neurochemical monitoring in neurointensive patients. Our experience shows that some neurochemical cases monitored with microdialysis show early changes, in three cases even anticipating clinical worsening. We conclude that cerebral microdialysis has a future in our field.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der Suche nach neuen Monitoring-Methoden des ZNS in der Neurointensivmedizin haben wir seit 1992 die zerebrale Mikrodialyse untersucht und weiterentwickelt. Neben tierexperimentellen Überprüfungen von pathophysiologischen Mechanismen (Ischämie, subdurales-intrazerebrales Hämatom, Neurotoxizität) haben wir die Sensitivität auf Glukose, Laktat und Glukose-Laktat-Index sowie auf das pH des Dialysates untersucht. Die ersten Anwendungen am Patienten intraoperativ zur Bestimmung von Ruhewerten und pathologischen Wertbereichen, sowie bei intensiv-medizinischen Patienten als eigentliches neurochemisches Monitoring sind soweit ermutigend. Trotz des kleinen monitorisierten Gewebevolumens lassen sich Wertbereiche im Ruhezustand sowie pathologische Bereiche erkennen. Zeitlich gesehen ergibt sich fallweise auch ein Warneffekt der neurochemischen Parameter. Die auch von anderen Autoren erlebten Schwierigkeiten sind einerseits die noch nicht standardisierten Methoden, die Datenflut, sowie auch die Schwierigkeiten, interindividuelle Vergleiche statistisch relevant darzustellen. Die Lösung liegt in der Schaffung leistungsfähhiger Datenbanken, welche auch die übrigen physiologischen und laborchemischen Parameter beinhalten sowie der im intraindividuellen Vergleich dargestellten Resultate. Eigene Ergebnisse und Konzepte werden dargestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The depolarization of cultured astrocytes by GABA and glycine correlates in amplitude and time course with the increase of the extracellular K+-concentration during perfusion with these amino acids. It is suggested that the glial depolarization is caused by an efflux of K+ from neighbouring neurones activated by the amino acid transmitters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 245 (1989), S. 300-301 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Subarachnoidalblutungen in der Schwangerschaft sind schicksalhaft. Frühsymptome oder Risikofaktoren gibt es nicht. Nach Diagnosestellung soll die Mutter rasch operiert werden. In der Spätschwangerschaft kann die Sektio in gleicher Narkose durchgeführt werden. Die Indikation für Computertomographie und Angiographie muß großzügig gestellt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 98 (1903), S. 189-216 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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