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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amperometric Method for Determining Sorption of Iodine by Starch (1953)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 25 (1953), S. 802-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60077a036
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 2-deoxyglucose on [32P] phosphate and insulin release from perifused rat pancreatic islets (1979)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 17 (1979), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin release ; pancreatic islets ; 2-deoxyglucose ; glucose ; phosphate efflux
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of 2-deoxyglucose on glucose mediated insulin and [32P]phosphate release was studied by perifusion of isolated rat pancreatic islets. When islets were perifused with media containing 2.8 mmol/l glucose and 20 mmol/l 2-deoxyglucose for 60 minutes and then exposed to media containing 8.3 or 16.7 mmol/l glucose and 20 mmol/l 2-deoxyglucose for the next 15 minutes, insulin release at either glucose concentration was prompt but blunted. Similarly, islets preincubated (90 min) with [32P] orthophosphate, then perifused with 20 mmol/l 2 deoxyglucose for 75 min and stimulated by either 8.3 or 16.7 mmol/l glucose for the final 15 minutes of 2 deoxyglucose exposure demonstrated obtundation of [32P]phosphate release. Perifusion of islets with 20 mmol/l 2-deoxyglucose alone induced no heightened32P efflux. These studies suggest that 2-deoxyglucose affects initial events in stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose mediated insulin release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01222212
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin secretion from pancreatic islets: Effect of growth hormone and related proteins (1978)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 15 (1978), S. 129-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin release ; pancreatic islets ; human growth hormone (hGH) ; pituitary diabetogenic substance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin responses to clinical grade human growth hormone (hGH), intact hGH, naturally occurring diabetogenic substance (NDS), and subtilisin cleaved forms of hGH (S1 and S3) were studied using hypophysectomized rat pancreatic islets. While clinical grade hGH (200 μg/ml) elicited a prompt and sustained release of insulin, purified intact hGH (200 μg/ml) did not. Naturally occurring diabetogenic substance, isolated from clinical grade hGH preparations, stimulated insulin release at 200 ng/ml. Upon repeat stimulation with NDS, a significantly greater insulin release than with initial stimulation was observed. Although S3 (200 μ/ml) elicited significant insulin release, S1 (200 μg/ml) did not. Direct stimulation of insulin release with clinical grade hGH is not due to intact hGH but another protein(s) such as NDS. Enzymic modification of intact hGH appears to enhance insulin stimulatory capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422258
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding and nutritional ecology of the sea urchin strongylocentrotus drobachiensis in Maine, USA (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 59 (1980), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sea urchin strongylocentrotus drobachiensis exhibited a high degree of food selectivity, whether foods were presented singly or in combination. Foods ranked from most to least preferred were, in summer, Laminaria longicruris, Chondrus crispus, Corallina officinalis, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Agarum cribrosum, whereas in winter A. nodosum and A. cribrosum exchanged ranks. Food preference was not correlated with caloric content but, because of higher feeding rates on preferred foods, caloric intake was positively correlated with preference. Similarly, food absorption rankings were not correlated with food preference, with the exception of gravimetric efficiencies in winter. However, the absorption of L. longicruris, the most preferred alga, was highest in all measurements. Growth and reproductive development of S. drobachiensis on single species diets were positively correlated with food preference. Highest values occurred with animals fed L. longicruris. Urchins transferred from non-preferred to preferred diets showed increased somatic and reproductive growth compared to control animals on the original, non-preferred diets. Conversely, when transferred from preferred to non-preferred diets, urchins showed reduced growth compared to controls. No combination diet tested supported significantly better gonadal growth than L. longicruris: 25% C. crispus supported slightly better somatic growth than L. longicruris alone. These data support the view that S. drobachiensis has evolved a feeding strategy resulting in the maximization of growth and reproduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396982
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dorsal spino-olivocerebellar system in the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 36 (1979), S. 201-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dorsal spino-olivocerebellar paths ; Climbing fibers ; Inferior olive ; Sagittal organization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The spino-olivocerebellar paths ascending through the dorsal funiculi (DF-SOCPs) were studied by recording climbing fiber field potentials in the cerebellar cortex. Several DF-SOCPs were identified on the basis of their response latencies, peripheral inputs, and projection areas. The projection areas consist of eight sagittal zones on each side of the anterior lobe denoted a, x, b, C1, c2, c3, d1, and d2. The a and b zones, which are activated exclusively from hindlimb nerves (Oscarsson, 1969a) were not studied. The shortest response latencies in the x, c1, c3 and d2 zones indicate that these zones are activated by direct paths between the dorsal funiculus nuclei and the inferior olive. These zones also have long latency responses evoked through indirect paths. The direct paths are activated from the flexor reflex afferents and the indirect paths from distal cutaneous afferents. The x zone is activated from forelimb nerves only. The c1 and c3 zones and presumably also the d2 zone are activated from hindlimb and forelimb nerves and have a detailed somatotopical organization. The c2 and d1 zones have long latency responses evoked through indirect paths. Both zones are activated from distal cutaneous afferents. The c2 zone has no distinct somatotopical organization, whereas the d1 zone has largely separate forelimb and hindlimb areas. In contrast to all other zones, the c2 zone is activated not only from ipsilateral but also from contralateral nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238905
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Branching of olivary axons to innervate pairs of sagittal zones in the cerebellar anterior lobe of the cat (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 48 (1982), S. 185-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Inferior olive ; Climbing fibres ; Climbing fibre branching ; Sagittal zones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four of the eight sagittal zones in the cortex of the cerebellar anterior lobe, the x, c1, c3 and d2 zones, receive similar climbing fibre input from the ipsilateral forelimb through pathways ascending in the dorsal funiculus (DF-SOCPs) and have disynaptic relays in the main cuneate nucleus (Ekerot and Larson 1979a). The present investigation demonstrates that the forelimb areas of these four zones are innervated by climbing fibres from three groups of olivary neurones with branching axons (Fig. 6). The termination sites of climbing fibre branches were determined by identifying the low-threshold spots on the cerebellar surface from which short-latency (3.1–7.5 ms), “direct” climbing fibre responses could be evoked in Purkinje cells. In some Purkinje cells these responses were followed by late (8.2–13.5 ms) climbing fibre responses (“olivary reflex” responses). Each group projects to a pair of these zones which is separated by an intervening zone innervated from a private group of olivary neurones. The three groups of olivary neurones have been denoted the x-c1 group, the c1–c3 group, and the c3–d2 group in accordance with the zones they innervate. They project to the following areas: (a) The x-c1 group to the x zone in the vermal cortex and the lateral part of the c1 zone in the intermediate cortex; (b) the c1–c3 group to the medial parts of the c1 and c3 zones in the intermediate cortex; and (c) the c3–d2 group to the lateral part of the c3 zone in the intermediate cortex and the d2 zone in the extreme lateral part of the anterior lobe. Olivary axons belonging to the x-c1 and c1–c3 groups often send several climbing fibres to each projection area, whereas only single termination sites were found in the c3 zone for olivary axons belonging to the c3-d2 group. The two projection areas of each group of olivary neurones have a similar topographical organization: the areas innervated by the x-c1 group lack distinct somatotopical organization, whereas the areas innervated by the c1-c3 and c3-d2 groups have a detailed somatotopical representation of the ipsilateral forelimb. The low threshold spots for the late climbing fibre responses (“olivary reflex” responses) were restricted to the same sagittal strips as the low-threshold spots for the “direct” responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237214
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Termination in overlapping sagittal zones in cerebellar anterior lobe of mossy and climbing fiber paths activated from dorsal funiculus (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 163-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cuneocerebellar tract ; Dorsal spinoolivocerebellar paths ; Mossy fiber ; Cerebellum ; Somatotopical organization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The termination patterns in the cerebellar anterior lobe of one mossy fiber path, the exteroceptive component of the cuneocerebellar tract (E-CCT), and one climbing fiber system, the dorsal spino-olivocerebellar paths (DF-SOCPs), which both relay in the main cuneate nucleus, were compared in the cat. The E-CCT terminates in the ipsilateral half of the anterior lobe in five sagittal zones which overlap five of the eight zones activated from the DFSOCPs. In at least one zone the E-CCT projection has a somatotopical organization which is similar to and overlaps that of the DF-SOCP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236737
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin and termination of cuneocerebellar tract (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 339-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cuneocerebellar tract ; External cuneate nucleus ; Main cuneate nucleus ; Cerebellum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The origin and termination was determined for cells belonging to the cuneocerebellar tract in the cat, which consists of one proprioceptive component (P-CCT) activated by group I muscle afferents and one exteroceptive component (E-CCT) activated by cutaneous afferents. The recording sites of the cells were histologically verified and the termination of the axons assessed by antidromic activation from the cerebellar surface. 2. The P-CCT originates from cells in the external cuneate nucleus, where forelimb muscles are somatotopically represented. The observations suggest that practically all cells in this nucleus project to the cerebellum and are activated by muscle afferents. 3. The E-CCT originates from cells in the rostral part of the main cuneate nucleus, where they occur intermingled with lemniscal neurones. 4. The CCT terminates in the pars intermedia of lobule V of the anterior lobe and in the four rostral folia of the paramedian lobule. The majority of the cells send one branch to each projection area. 5. The P-CCT and E-CCT terminate in the same projection areas. 6. CCT neurones activated from distal and proximal parts of the limb terminate diffusely in the entire projection area, although there is some tendency for neurones activated from distal parts to terminate caudally and for neurones activated from proximal parts to terminate rostrally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234336
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of afferent connections to cuneocerebellar tract (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 359-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cuneocerebellar tract ; Proprioceptive path ; Exteroceptive path ; Cerebellum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The afferent connections to 180 cuneocerebellar tract (CCT) neurones were studied in the cat. The neurones were classified into two groups, proprioceptive and exteroceptive. 2. The proprioceptive neurones (P-CCT) occurred in the external cuneate nucleus and were monosynaptically activated by group I muscle afferents. About 60% of these neurones received additional excitation from group II muscle afferents. 3. The P-CCT neurones received excitation from one nerve only. 4. The P-CCT neurones received postsynaptic inhibition from muscle nerves not supplying excitation. 5. The exteroceptive neurones (E-CCT) occurred in the main cuneate nucleus and received di- and polysynaptic excitation from cutaneous afferents. Most neurones received additional excitation from high threshold muscle afferents. The latter originated from receptors that were sometimes activated by pressure against deep structures but seldom, if ever, from slowly adapting stretch receptors in muscle. 6. The E-CCT neurones were usually activated from several skin and muscle nerves. 7. Stimulation of the sensorimotor area of the cerebral cortex evoked inhibition in some P-CCT neurones and excitation and/or inhibition in some E-CCT neurones. 8. The afferent organization of the CCT is compared with that of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. The information carried by the two tracts is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234337
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dorsal spino-olivocerebellar system in the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 36 (1979), S. 219-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dorsal spino-olivocerebellar paths ; Cerebellum ; Climbing fibers ; Somatotopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The somatotopical organization of the projection through the dorsal spino-olivocerebellar path (DF-SOCP) to the c3 zone in the cerebellar anterior lobe was studied by recording climbing fiber field potentials in the cerebellar cortex evoked on stimulation of peripheral nerves. The c3 zone was shown to contain a detailed and systematic representation of the ipsilateral body half with the following characteristics: 1. Single nerves project to one or two sagittal strips of cortex which extend across several folia. The width of the strips varies between 0.2 and 1 mm and the length may be as long as 15–20 mm along the unfolded cortex. 2. The strips activated from different nerves occur in an order which usually follows the segmentai innervation, the hindlimb being represented rostrally and the forelimb caudally in the zone. 3. The double representation of some nerves makes it possible to distinguish one medial and one lateral part of the c3 zone with the projection areas organized approximately as mirror images. Additional observations on other zones activated by the DF-SOCP system (Ekerot and Larson, 1979a) indicate that the c1 zone has a somatotopical organization which is reminiscent of that of the c3 zone, whereas the x and d1 zones have different topographical organizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238906
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