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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 2798-2800 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present experimental current-voltage curves for GaAs/AlGaAs resonant tunneling diodes which show complicated multiple step structures when biased into negative differential resistance. We show that these results can be explained as limit cycle oscillations in the nonlinear dynamical system consisting of a negative differential resistance device loaded with a resonant circuit. Two circuit models, a resistor-capacitor-inductor load, and the dispersionless transmission-line load, are discussed. The limit cycles in the second model exhibit a variety of behaviors characteristic of nonlinear systems, such as bifurcations, period doubling, and Devil's Staircases, resulting in good qualitative agreement with experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 1871-1873 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of changing the length of the spacer layer between two vertically integrated resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) is experimentally determined. Three different wafers, each containing two RTDs, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy, with spacer layers of 1200, 700, and 200 A(ring), respectively. A fourth wafer with a single such RTD was grown as a control sample. Two of the control samples wired in series show two current peaks, the temperature dependence of the current-voltage (I-V) curves being correctly predicted by a nonlinear load model. The I-V characteristics of the stacked devices with 1200 and 700 A(ring) quantum wells between the RTDs also show two current peaks, confirming that the bulk of electrons lose longitudinal wave function coherence between the two double-barrier structures. The first derivative of the I-V curve for the samples with 700 and 1200 A(ring) spacers displays evidence of quantum interference between the cathode well and the central spacer as a second-order effect. The first major peak in the structure with a 200 A(ring) spacer between the quantum wells differs from the first peak in the other structures, and the difference is attributed to quantum interference effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 201-203 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of impurities placed in the wells of double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes on the current-voltage characteristics was experimentally determined. Four different double-barrier structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy with n-type, p-type, undoped, and highly compensated doping in the center of the well. Resonant tunneling devices of various sizes were fabricated, and measured at 77 K. Systematic shifts in the peak position and peak to valley ratios were observed for the different dopant profiles. The shifts in peak position are correctly predicted by a ballistic model which includes the effects of band bending due to ionized impurities in the well. The doped devices showed a systematic decrease in the peak to valley ratio which is not predicted by the ballistic model. By scaling our results, it is apparent that in most cases unintentional background impurities are not sufficient to significantly degrade the current-voltage characteristics of resonant tunneling diodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3233-3235 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate an undoped 20 1/2 pair AlAsSb/GaAsSb distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) grown lattice matched to an InP substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. Reflectivity measurements indicate a stop band centered at 1.78 μm with a maximum reflectivity exceeding 99%. We also measure current–voltage characteristics in a similar 10 1/2 period p-type DBR and find that a current density of 1 kA/cm2 produces a 2.5 V drop. Hole mobilities and doping concentrations in AlAsSb and GaAsSb are also reported. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 1585-1587 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the reproducible molecular beam epitaxial growth of Be-doped piecewise linearly graded (Al,Ga)As distributed Bragg reflectors that have vertical series resistivities near bulk values. For mirrors with three linear segments per interface, the center wavelength reproducibility is 0.1% and the series resistivity is as low as 1.8×10−5 Ω cm2 for hole concentrations of 5×1018 cm−3. Measured reflectivities of 6.0% per interface are comparable to conventional single-linear-grade mirrors. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers incorporating these mirrors exhibit record-low voltage thresholds of less than 1.5 V.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A modified epitaxial design leads to straightforward implementation of short (1λ) optical cavities and the use of C as the sole p-type dopant in AlGaInP/AlGaAs red vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Red VCSELs fabricated into simple etched air posts operate continuous wave at room temperature at wavelengths between 670 and 690 nm, with a peak output power as high as 2.4 mW at 690 nm, threshold voltage of 2.2 V, and peak wallplug efficiency of 9%. These values are all significant improvements over previous results achieved in the same geometry with an extended optical cavity epitaxial design. The improved performance is due primarily to reduced optical losses and improved current constriction and dopant stability. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2616-2618 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe studies of an index-guided ∼4×3 μm2 vertical cavity surface emitting laser with a cw, room temperature 133 μA threshold current and 53% slope efficiency fabricated using selective wet thermal oxidation to provide optical and electrical confinement. While the device operates strictly single mode, a large number of transverse modes are evident in the subthreshold luminescence observed in both vertical and lateral directions. Despite the lumped nature of the index region, the transverse mode wavelengths agree very well with those predicted for a conventional distributed waveguide structure. Waveguide dimensions and an effective index step of 2% between the active and cladding region are determined by fitting the modal data. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 3413-3415 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We show that a buried oxide layer forming a current aperture in an all epitaxial vertical-cavity surface emitting laser has a profound influence on the optical and electrical characteristics of the device. The lateral index variation formed around the oxide current aperture leads to a shift in the cavity resonance wavelength. The resonance wavelength under the oxide layer can thus be manipulated, independent of the as-grown cavity resonance, by adjusting the oxide layer thickness and its placement relative to the active region. In addition, the electrical confinement afforded by the oxide layer enables record low threshold current densities and threshold voltages in these lasers. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 605-607 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report details of mirror grading profiles for high efficiency vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. The mirrors provide low vertical resistance in conjunction with improvements in optical reflectivity, thermal conductivity, and lateral electrical conductivity in comparison to earlier grading profiles. The enhancement of these properties is verified by a comparison of thermal resistance and total electrical resistance for lasers of varying size. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 2767-2769 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate electrical switching and modulation between two orthogonal polarization modes of air-post vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers with cruciform transverse cavity geometry. The continuous-wave lasing emission is switched from one polarization mode to the orthogonal mode at frequencies up to 50 MHz by a small signal modulation of the injection current. Furthermore, a polarized output signal at twice the input frequency is generated at frequencies up to 10 MHz by a large signal modulation of the injection current from below threshold to above the polarization switching transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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