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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ebselen, a selenium-containing heterocyclic compound, prevents ischemia-induced cell death. However, the molecular mechanism through which ebselen exerts its cytoprotective effect remains to be elucidated. Using sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a nitric oxide (NO) donor, we show here that ebselen potently inhibits NO-induced apoptosis of differentiated PC12 cells. This was associated with inhibition of NO-induced phosphatidyl Serine exposure, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation by ebselen. Analysis of key apoptotic regulators during NO-induced apoptosis of differentiated PC12 cells showed that ebselen blocks the activation of the apoptosis signaling-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), and inhibits phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). Moreover, ebselen inhibits NO-induced p53 phosphorylation at Ser15 and c-Jun phosphorylation at Ser63 and Ser73. It appears that inhibition of p38 MAPK and p53 phosphorylation by ebselen occurs via a thiol-redox-dependent mechanism. Interestingly, ebselen also activates p44/42 MAPK, and inhibits the downregulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in SNP-treated PC12 cells. Together, these findings suggest that ebselen protects neuronal cells from NO cytotoxicity by reciprocally regulating the apoptotic and antiapoptotic signaling cascades.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Anandamide is a neuroimmunoregulatory molecule that triggers apoptosis in a number of cell types including PC12 cells. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying anandamide-induced cell death in PC12 cells. Anandamide treatment resulted in the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p44/42 MAPK in apoptosing cells. A selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, or dn-JNK, JNK1(A-F) or SAPKβ(K-R), blocked anandamide-induced cell death, whereas a specific inhibitor of MEK-1/2, U0126, had no effect, indicating that activation of p38 MAPK and JNK is critical in anandamide-induced cell death. An important role for apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) in this event was also demonstrated by the inhibition of p38 MAPK/JNK activation and death in cells overexpressing dn-ASK1, ASK1 (K709M). Conversely, the constitutively active ASK1, ASK1ΔN, caused prolonged p38 MAPK/JNK activation and increased cell death. These indicate that ASK1 mediates anandamide-induced cell death via p38 MAPK and JNK activation. Here, we also found that activation of p38 MAPK/JNK is accompanied by cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and caspase activation (which can be inhibited by SB203580), suggesting that anandamide triggers a mitochondrial dependent apoptotic pathway. The caspase inhibitor, zVAD, and the mitochondrial pore opening inhibitor, cyclosporine A, blocked anandamide-induced cell death but not p38 MAPK/JNK activation, suggesting that activation of these kinases may occur upstream of mitochondrial associated events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 756-758 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Almost perfectly oriented heteroepitaxial diamond film was deposited on the (100)Si substrate by the carburization, bias-enhanced nucleation, and growth process in a dense plasma using a bell-jar-type microwave-plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system with an ASTeX 1.5 kW magnetron plasma source. This dense plasma was a prerequisite for the perfect orientation and was not obtained simply by increasing microwave power, but was obtained by introducing a graphite block between the substrate and the substrate holder. The plasma was concentrated over the substrate especially at the four corners with a thickness of several millimeters. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract To examine the proposed model that amorphization is achieved by the motion of one species only, Ni/Zr multilayers have been prepared by sputter deposition at a pressure of 1 Pa. The as-deposited specimen shows the planar and sharp interface between Ni and Zr layers. The amorphous phase is clearly observed at the residual Ni layers and around the void edge in the Zr layer from the cross-sectional TEM images of the samples annealed at 300
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 20 (2002), S. 795-799 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Although mammals have been cloned from genetically manipulated cultured cells, a comparable achievement has not been realized in lower vertebrates. Here we report that fertile transgenic zebrafish can be obtained by nuclear transfer using embryonic fibroblast cells from long-term ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Keywords: de-emulsification ; emulsification ; immobilization ; Nocardia amarae ; polysaccharides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract As environmental compatible emulsifiers, various polysaccharides were investigated and de-emulsification methods were studied using filtration, direct current (D.C.) field, and also Nocardia amarae. 0.01% (v/v) of alginic acid, arabic gum, chitosan, and curdlan showed more than about 2 h of emulsion stability in the half-life of emulsion layer by a homogenizer and showed about twice synergic effects with other polysaccharides in emulsification activity at the ratio of 9:1 (v/v). De-emulsification by 110V D.C. field took about 1 h for the separation of oils from 1 l of oil-in-water emulsion in case of 0.01% arabic gum. Oil-water separator was designed using non-woven fabrics in filtration system and Nocardia amarae grown in n-hexadecane or kerosene was immobilized in the non-woven fabrics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 149-150 (1995), S. 35-39 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: neuronal cdc2-like kinase ; cdk5 ; regulatory subunit ; neurofilament proteins ; tau ; Alzheimer disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuronal cdc2-like kinase, nclk, is a heterodimer of cyclin dependent protein kinase 5, cdk5, and a 25 kDa subunit derived from a novel, neuron-specific, 35 kDa protein: p35. The characterization and regulation of nclk will be summarized in this minireview. The activity of nclk appears to be governed by highly complex regulatory mechanisms including protein-protien interaction, protein phosphorylation and isoforms. The histone H1 kinase activity of nclk is absolutely dependent of the interaction between the 25 kDa subunit and the catalytic subunit, cdk5. In addition, nclk interacts with other cellular proteins to form macromolecular complexes. The kinase activity of nclk is inhibitedin vitro by the phosphorylation reactions of a weel-like protein tyrosine kinase and a protein serine/threonine kinase from bovine thymus. Northern blot analysis has revealed the existence of two populations of p35 mRNA of 2 and 4 kb. A novel cDNA encoding a p35 homologous protein has been obtained from a human hippocampus library.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1997), S. 560-562 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Abstracts are not published in this journal
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 15 (1993), S. 1021-1024 
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Pullulan is a polysaccharide produced by Aureobasidium pullulans. In this study, the effect of pH on the molecular weight of pullulan was investigated. High concentration of pullulan was obtained when initial pH was 6. Pullulan having molecular weight of 500,000–600,000 was produced at initial pH of 3.0, while pullulan with molecular weight of 200,000–300,000 was produced at pH above 4.5. To obtain high molecular weight pullulan with high concentration, pH was initially controlled at pH 6, followed by pH shift from pH 6 to pH 3. Transition of pH at 2 days of fermentation was observed to be optimum. Higher molecular weight pullulan was also obtained when sucrose concentration was 50 g/l compared to the result obtained at initial sucrose concentration of 20 g/l. Sucrose concentration and pH of the fermentation broth seem to be important parameters in obtaining high molecular weight of pullulan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemical Technology AND Biotechnology 66 (1996), S. 349-354 
    ISSN: 0268-2575
    Keywords: yeast biomass ; sugar beet stillage ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermotolerant yeast Candida rugosa isolated from East Africa was used for the continuous production of yeast protein from sugar beet stillages at 40°C. At a dilution rate of 0·15 h-1, biomass productivity was at a maximum (0·85 dm-3 h-1) and the Chemical Oxygen Demand reduction rate of the stillage was 30·4%. This yeast contained 45·1% crude protein, 36·5% actual protein and 5·6% RNA. The yeast protein had adequate essential amino acids, except for sulphur-containing types.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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