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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les effets de la taille de l'essaim sur la croissance de la colonie et sur le poids des ouvrières ont été étudiés dans des colonies d'abeilles à miel (Apis mellifera L.) issues d'essaim. La taille de l'essaim et la production de larves sont significativement correlées de façon positive alors que la taille de l'essaim et le rapport entre le nombre de larves et le nombre d'ouvrières ne sont pas correlés. Ceci diffère d'études antérieures faites sur des colonies exploitées où les rapports larves/ouvrières étaient négativement correlés à la taille de la colonie. Le poids des ouvrières à l'éclosion à partir de larves initiales est également correlé de façon positive avec la taille de l'essaim. La taille des cellules ne varie pas en fonction de l'âge de la colonie ou de la population. De nouvelles colonies établies par de petits essaims sont limitées dans le nombre et le poids des ouvrières qu'elles peuvent produire, ceci étant sans doute dû à une nutrition pauvre causée par le manque d'ouvrières à accomplir certaines tâches de nourrice et de récolteuse.
    Notes: Summary The effects of swarm size on colony growth and worker weight were examined in honey bee (A. mellifera) colonies founded by swarms. A significant positive correlation was found between swarm size and both brood production and emergent worker weight, but the swarm size and the ratio of brood to workers were not correlated. This differs from previous studies involving managed colonies where brood/worker ratios were negatively correlated with colony size. Also, cell size did not vary according to colony age or population. New colonies founded by small swarms are limited in the weight and number of workers which they can produce, likely due to poor nutrition caused by a lack of workers to perform nurse and foraging tasks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Batch and continuous cultivation of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens were systematically studied for the production of succinic acid from whey. Addition of 2.5 g l−1 yeast extract and 2.5 g l−1 polypeptone per 10 g l−1 whey was most effective for succinic acid production from both treated and nontreated whey. When 20 g l−1 nontreated whey and 7 g l−1 glucose were used as cosubstrates, the yield and productivity of succinic acid reached at the end of fermentation were 95% and 0.46 g (l h)−1, respectively. These values were higher than those obtained using nontreated whey alone [93% and 0.24 g (l h)−1 for 20 g l−1 whey]. Continuous fermentation of A. succiniciproducens at an optimal dilution rate resulted in the production of succinic acid with high productivity [1.35 g (l h)−1], high conversion yield (93%), and higher ratio of succinic acid to acetic acid (5.1:1) from nontreated whey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 792-797 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The production of O(1D) from O2 by photodissociation was measured in the 105–113 nm wavelength region. The quantum yields of O(1D) were employed to identify the excited states as 3Σu− or 3Πu, where the former correlated with the production of O(1D) and the latter production of O(3P) only. Many bands of E, E′ of 3Σu− and F, F′ 3Πu, were found with their vibrational states identified. Several bands had mixed states, such as the (0,0) and (1,0) bands of D′ 3Σu−←X 3Σg− transition which had smaller than unity quantum yields of O(1D) due to the perturbation caused by the nearby states D′ 3Σu+(v′=1,2) at 112.0 and 110.0 nm. The bands of npσu 3Πu state in the region of 105–110 nm are in agreement with the assignments of other works, and a band near 107.3 nm is consistent with the predicted band position of the F 3Πu(v′=6) upper-state. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 1763-1768 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The metastable O(1D) atom produced in the photodissociation of O2 in the wavelength region 113–130 nm was detected by measuring the 762 nm fluorescence of the transition O2(b 1Σg+→X 3Σg−). The excited states of O2 were classified as either the 3Σu− state that produces O(1D)+O(3P), or the 3Πu state that produces O(3P)+O(3P). Our quantum yield measurements of O(1D) found bands of both pure and overlapped 3Σu− and 3Πu states. Five bands were found to produce O(1D), including the longest, second, and third bands and two additional bands near 115.3 and 113.8 nm that were assigned as the E 3Σu−(v′=3–4) states. Three bands were assigned to the F 3Πu(v′=0–2) state. We also found a state at 116.2 nm, which did not produce O(1D), but produced weak visible fluorescence. The possibility of attributing the fluorescence to a transition D 3Σu+–C 3Πg was discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 30 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Digestive enzymes in faeces have been reported to posses skin irritation potential. The present study was designed to investigate the in vivo irritant potentials of faecal concentrations of proteolytic and lipolytic digestive enzymes in bile salt mixtures. In a 21-day cumulative irritation assay, clinical evaluation and noninvasive bioengineering techniques were used. 5 days occlusive exposure to phosphate buffer (pH = 8) caused no visual skin damage but reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated significant vasodilation (p 〈 0.01) and increases in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin pH were also observed (p 〈 0.01). These increases were still present at days 12 and 19. Occlusive exposure to physiologic concentrations of faecal enzymes resulted in significant visual and objective scores at day 5, 12, and 19, with increased readings as a function of exposure time (p 〈 0.01). The enzyme mixture containing lipase caused delayed onset of skin erythema and epidermal barrier disruption compared to elastase and chymotrypsin containing solutions. Prolonged occlusive exposure to digestive enzymes in faecal concentrations caused severe skin erythema and epidermal barrier disruption in a human model, suggesting a possible etiologic role of digestive enzymes in perianal, circumstomal or diaper dermatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Gene Structure and Expression 1049 (1990), S. 244-248 
    ISSN: 0167-4781
    Keywords: (Rat) ; Amylase mRNA ; Dexamethasone ; Exocrine pancreas ; Postnatal development
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 63-72 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two-dimensional governing equations for guided electromagnetic waves in isotropic or cubic crystal dielectric plates are extended to include the piezo-optic effect in the constitutive equations. These equations are then employed to study the frequency shifts of transverse electric modes caused by stresses in circular disk dielectric resonators under three cases of loading conditions: (1) a pair of diametral forces, (2) steady vertical acceleration, and (3) steady horizontal acceleration. In the latter two cases, the bottom face of the disk is bounded to a rigid supporting base.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 7083-7092 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two-dimensional equations for guided electromagnetic waves propagating in a dielectric plate surrounded by free space were recently derived from the three-dimensional Maxwell's equations. These equations are employed for the study of vibrations of circular disk dielectric resonators embedded in free space. Closed form solutions are obtained for which the continuity conditions of the tangential E and H fields at the end faces and the lateral cylindrical surface are accommodated. It is found that the solutions represent two types of modes: (1) the modes in which the electric field is transverse to the axis of the disk [transverse electric (TE) modes] and (2) the modes in which the magnetic field is transverse to the axis of the resonator [transverse magnetic (TM) modes]. Frequency equations are solved and resonance frequencies are computed as functions of the diameter-to-thickness ratio a/b for TE and TM modes. It is found that the computational results presented as Ωˆ [≡ω/(π/2b)c] vs a/b curves are independent of the refractive index nˆ. Hence, these curves can be conveniently applied to the dielectric disks of any nˆ. Predicted results are compared with the experimental data by Cohn [IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-16, 218 (1968)], Chow [IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-14, 439 (1966)], and Yee [IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-13, 256 (1965)], and with the computational results by Chow [IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-14, 439 (1966)] and Yee [IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-13, 256 (1965)]. It may be seen that present predictions agree overall with different sets of experimental data and for modes of various types and order.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 86 (1982), S. 3391-3395 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 3403-3410 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A system of two-dimensional equations of motion of successively higher-order approximations for contoured crystal plates are deduced from the three-dimensional equations of elasticity by expansion of displacements in a series of trigonometrical functions of the thickness coordinate of the plates. By removing the first-order thickness-stretch mode and the first-order x2x3 (or fast) thickness-shear mode and all the higher ones, a set of first-order equations of motion is obtained for contoured crystal plates and for frequencies up to and including those of the fundamental x1x2 (or slow) thickness-shear mode. The coupled thickness-shear and flexural vibrations are studied for contoured quartz strip resonators having the shape of (a) a double wedge and (b) a plate with beveled edges. Exact solutions in terms of infinite power series are obtained by Frobenius method for the plates with linearly varying thickness in the x1 direction. Frequency spectra and mode shapes are computed for both types of resonators. The effects of the contour on the frequencies and modes are examined. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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