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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 539-543 (Mar. 2007), p. 979-982 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Geo-composites are generally made by hybridizing of some components amonggeo-textile, geo-grid, geo-membrane, geo-net, and other materials. Due to practical applicability ofgeotechnical structures, the demand of geo-composites, especially for drainage application, hasgradually increased. In the present study, the geo-composites bonded with geo-grid in chemicalprocess were investigated experimentally in terms of strain evaluation and creep response values.Geo-grid plays an important role as a reinforcing material. Three kinds of geo-grid were prepared asstrong yarn polyester and they were woven type, non-woven type, and wrap knitted type. The samplegeo-grids were then coated with PVC. The rib tensile strength tests were conducted to evaluategeo-grid products in terms of tensile strength with regard to single rib. The test was performedaccording to GRI-GGI. The test results revealed that the tensile strains at the maximum tensilestrength showed very good tensile deformation characteristics in the range of 10.0-13.0% in terms ofmono-rib performance. Any significant trends have not found between warp knitted and woven typegeo-grid in terms of the tensile strength ratios. Further experimental analysis has been conducted toinvestigate the wide-width strip tensile strength, contact point strength and creep features of thegeo-grid samples used in this study. It was concluded again from the experiments that the tensile andcreep strains of the geo-grid showed so stable values that the geo-grid prepared in this study couldprotect geo-textile partially in practical structure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 539-543 (Mar. 2007), p. 992-996 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fibers made of elements such as carbon, aramid and glass have higher mechanicalproperties than other conventional textile fibers and they enable the production of light weightcomposites as end products. Furthermore, commingling hybrid yarns generally have a characteristicfeature so that their components are distributed homogeneously enough over the yarn cross section. Anormal air texturerising machine was modified to produce commingling hybrid yarns for test samples.Different process parameters were applied to produce the hybridized yarn samples. However, theseprocess parameters turned out to have little effect on the filament distribution over the hybrid yarncross section in terms of homogeneity. The analysis in this paper is focused on the pattern of mixingof filaments over a cross section of hybrid yarns according to different combinations of reinforcementand matrix filament yarns through microscopic view. The volume content of filament in hybrid yarncross section was maintained at 50% for both reinforced and matrix, and the hybrid yarns count at 600tex throughout experiments. It was concluded from the experiments that the diameters ofreinforcement and matrix filaments have strong effects on the pattern of mixing of filaments over across section of hybrid yarns such that the hybrid yarns with more or less equal diameters ofreinforcement and matrix filaments showed considerably even distributions over the hybrid yarncross section
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 519-521 (July 2006), p. 949-954 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the analysis of the forming load characteristics of aforward-backward can extrusion in both combined and sequence operation. A commerciallyavailable finite element program, which is coded in the rigid-plastic finite element method, has beenemployed to investigate the forming load characteristics. AA 2024 aluminum alloy is selected as amodel material. The analysis in the present study is extended to the selection of press frame capacityfor producing efficiently final product at low cost. The possible extrusion processes to shape aforward-backward can component with different outer diameters are categorized to estimatequantitatively the force requirement for forming forward-backward can part, forming energy, andmaximum pressure exerted on the die-material interfaces, respectively. The categorized processes arecomposed of combined and/or some basic extrusion processes such as sequence operation. Based onthe simulation results about forming load characteristics, the frame capacity of a mechanical press ofcrank-drive type suitable for a selected process could be determined along with securing the loadcapacity and with considering productivity. In addition, it is suggested that different load capacitiesbe selected for different dimensions of a part such as wall thickness in forward direction and etc. It isconcluded quantitatively from the simulation results that the combined operation is superior tosequence operation in terms of relatively low forming load and thus it leads to low cost for formingequipments. However, it is also known from the simulation results that the precise control ofdimensional accuracy is not so easy in combined operation. The results in this paper could be a goodreference for analysis of forming process for complex parts and selection of proper frame capacity ofa mechanical press to achieve low production cost and thus high productivity
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 519-521 (July 2006), p. 943-948 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the present study, the finite element analysis has been conducted to investigate thedeformation characteristics of forward and backward can extrusion process using AA 1100 aluminumalloy tubes in terms of maximum forming load and extruded length ratio in a combined material flow.A commercially available code is used to conduct rigid-plastic FEM simulation. Hollow tubes areselected as initial billets and the punch geometries follow the recommendation of ICFG. Selecteddesign parametrs involved in simulation includes punch nose radius, die corner radius, frictionalcondition, and punch face angle. The investigation is foucused on the analysis of deformation patternand its characteristics in a forward tube extrusion combined simultaneously with backward tubeextrusion process main in terms of force requirements for this operation according to various punchnose radii and backward tube thickness. The simulation results are summarized in terms ofload-stroke relationships for different process parameters such as backward tube thickness, die cornerradii, and punch face angle, respectively, and pressure distributions exerted on die, and comparison ofdie pressure and forming load between combined extrusion and two stage extrusion process insequencial operation. Extensive analyses are also made to investigate the relationships betweenprocess parameters and extruded lengths in both forward and backward directions. It has beenconcluded from simulation results that a) the combined operation is superior to multi-stage extrusionprocess in sequential operation in terms of maximum forming load and maximum pressure exerted ondie, b) the length of forward extruded tube increases and that of backward extruded tube decreases asthe thickness ratio decreases, and c) the forming load is influenced much by the thickness ratio andthe other design factors such as die corner radius and punch face angle does not affect much on theforce requirement for the combined extrusion process
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 539-543 (Mar. 2007), p. 1043-1046 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the long-term performance of geo-textile (GT) composites interms of creep deformation and frictional properties. Composites of PVA GT and HDPE GM weremade to investigate the advanced properties of long-term performance related to waste landfillapplications. The same experiments were also performed for typical polypropylene and polyester GTand compared to PVA GT/HDPE GM composites. The main purpose of this study is to develop highperformance GT composites with GM by using PVA GT which is capable of improving frictionalproperty and thus enhances long-term performance of GT composites. In the present experiments, GTcomposites of PVA GT/HDPE GM, PVA GT of 600, 1000, 1500, 2000g/m2 and HDPE GM wereprepared in thermal bonding process. Polyester and polypropylene GT were also made in needlepunching process. The creep deformation of GT composites was measured and evaluated inaccordance with ASTM D5262. Frictional characteristics of GT composites tested in this study wereconducted with compact direct shear apparatus in accordance with ASTM D5321. It was concludedfrom the present experimental study that friction coefficient of GT composites is relatively largecompared with those of polyester and polypropylene non-woven GT as long as the friction media hassimilar size to the particles of domestic standard earth. In the event that 20% of the maximum tensilestrength was added to polypropylene and polyester non-woven geo-textiles, creep deformationreached to 10% or higher, making it even impossible to find reduction factor
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 539-543 (Mar. 2007), p. 988-991 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the performance of geo-textile (GT) against chemicalcondition. GT is generally adopted for the upper part of geo-membrane (GM) for waste landfills andthus it is very important to consider the performance of GT against certain chemical environmentsuntil landfill is completed. In this study, PVA geo-textile/HDPE geo-membrane was prepared toinvestigate the waste landfill related properties in terms of long-term performance against chemicalconditions imposed. GT composites of PVA GT/HDPE GM, PVA GT and HDPE GM were producedin thermal bonding process. Polyester and polypropylene GT were also manufactured in needlepunching process. The experiments have been conducted under a modified version of EPA 9090 testmethod which is very similar to the method of evaluating chemical resistance of flexible membraneliner by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In this testing method, samples immersedin chemical of different solutions up to 150 days at 30 day interval were obtained to find tensilestrength holding rate and chemical resistance. The analysis in this paper is focused to evaluate theeffect of different pH conditions and temperature environments on geo-synthetics weights strengthretention. It was concluded from the experiments that tensile strength of GT composites againstleachate were reduced by 10 to 20% in both polypropylene and polyester non-woven GT. Thereduction was more significant at temperatures of 50 ℃ than that at 25 ℃. The experimentsconducted in this study demonstrated that PVA GT is excellent in terms of chemical resistance
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 195 (1993), S. 1224-1229 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 194 (1993), S. 665-670 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 194-196 (1994), S. 99-100 
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 194-196 (1994), S. 101-102 
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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