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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 18 (1968), S. 51-60 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 43 (1973), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 40-41 (1989), S. 698-701 
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Electronics 27 (1984), S. 367-373 
    ISSN: 0038-1101
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 35-37 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 71.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract N-type silicon was implanted with iron at 300keV. Deep-level measurements were performed after annealing pprocesses at various temperatures between 500 and 1100°C. Various levels were observed but no electrical active centers were detectable in the upper half of the forbidden band of Si after 800°C annealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 105-111 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 71.55F ; 61.70 ; 73.40Q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The annealing behavior of trap-centers was studied in float-zone silicon wafers containing A-swirl defects. Samples from areas of high and low A-swirl density were annealed in nitrogen ambient between 100° and 900 °C, and analysed using the Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy. The results indicate, that two levels atE c }-0.07 eV,σ n=4.6×10−16 cm2, andE c−0.49eV,σ n=6.6×10−16cm2 are caused by one defect, for which the silicon di-selfinterstitial is a likely interpretation. A level atE c }-0.11 eV was assigned to interstitial carbon. Both defects annealed out at about 170 °C. After 600 °C annealing an additional level atE c−0.2 eV was detected, which was attributed to an interstitial silicon carbon complex. Heat treatment at 800 °C generated a new level atE c−0.49 eV,σ n=2.9×10−16cm2 only in the area of high A-swirl defect density. This level was also observed after oxidation and subsequent annealing of silicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 12 (1977), S. 45-53 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 06 ; 79.20 ; 73
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A very sensitive technique is presented which can be applied to determine deep level profiles in space-charge layers of Schottky barriers orpn-junctions. The method uses an extended transient capacitance technique with correlation similar to Lang's DLTS technique. The extension of DLTS to double correlation DDLTS is necessary to resolve the deep level profile and to exclude the field dependence of the capture cross-section and contact effects. By using a double-pulse capacitance transient and correlation, these undesired effects can be subtracted. Profiles can be determined for deep levels at concentrations 104 times lower than the background doping. Results are reported for epitaxial GaAs which showed one major deep level at 0.18 eV below the conduction band. Near the interface to the substrate, a slight shift in energy from 0.18 to 0.19 eV is observed. A second level at 0.43 eV decays into the epi-layer in the form of a diffusion tail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 15-22 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 71.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Deep-level profiles were measured radially acrossn-type FZ silicon wafers containing A-swirl defects by applying DLTS to an array of Schottky contacts. The trapparameters were obtained very accurately using a computer-fit procedure for the full DLTS peaks. Two acceptor levels atE c −0.49 eV (σ n =6.6×10−16cm2) andE c −0.07 eV (σ n =4.6×10−16cm2) were observed, which varied oppositely to the A-swirl defect density. At short ranges (1–2mm) the trap concentration-profile was smeared out and did not follow the strong fluctuations in the etch pattern. Both levels were measured together with the same concentration. The profiles indicate outdiffusion. A level atE c −0.14 eV (σ n =1.1×10−16cm2) was not related to A-swirl defects. A level atE c −0.11 eV (σ n =1.1×10−15cm2) was only detected in one ingot. The properties of the deep level atE c −0.49 eV are discussed in the light of published DLTS results reported for γ-irradiation, laser annealing after self-implantation, annealing under pressure and oxidation of silicon samples. It is concluded, that this level is related to interstitial silicon rather than to an impurity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 121-131 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Red cells, platelet concentrates and fresh frozen plasma of a single donation contain leucocytes, causing a lot of side effects. Modern filtration- and apheresis-techniques lead to a reduction of residual leucocyte counts of 〈1x106 per unit. The best method to achieve controlled and validated conditions is the blood bank performed standardised prestorage-filtration. This is an effective method, to prevent cytokine-mediated and leucocyte-mediated febrile nonhaemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR), to prevent a primary immunisation to leucocyte- and histocompatibility-antigens, to avoid transmission of viral infections by blood transfusion, e.g. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and to exclude in special cases bacterial septicaemia. In addition, there are references to reduce the postoperative infections, the rate of recurrence of a tumor and the postoperative complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The use of leucocyte-depleted blood components for special indications is meanwhile established. Some European countries have made a decision for a general filtration of all blood components containing leucocytes. The authors recommend the general leucocyte-depletion of blood components considering the German medical law (AMG) and cost/benefit ratio.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Erythrozytenkonzentrate, Thrombozytenkonzentrate und Frischplasmapräparate aus Einzelspenden enthalten Leukozyten, die eine Reihe unerwünschter Wirkungen auslösen können. Moderne Filtrations- und Hämapheresetechniken erlauben eine Reduktion der Restleukozyten auf unter 1×106 pro Präparat. Die Einhaltung kontrollierter Bedingungen ist am besten durch die standardisierte Prestorage-Filtration in der Blutbank zu erreichen. Es handelt sich um eine effektive Methode, um zytokin- und leukozytenvermittelte febrile Transfusionsreaktionen (FNHTR) zu verhindern, einer primären Immunisierung gegen Leukozyten- und Histokompabilitätsantigene vorzubeugen, die Übertragung leukozytenassoziierter Viren, insbesondere Cytomegalievirus (CMV), zu vermeiden und präparationsbedingte bakterielle Septikämien im Einzelfall auszuschließen. Darüber hinaus gibt es Hinweise, daß sich durch Leukozytendepletion die postoperative Infektionshäufigkeit, die Tumorrezidivrate und die Mortalität nach kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen senken läßt. Die indikationsbezogene Anwendung leukozytendepletierter Blutkomponenten ist etabliert. Für eine generelle Filtration aller leukozytenhaltiger Blutkomponenten haben sich einige europäische Länder bereits entschieden. Für Deutschland befürworten die Autoren unter Berücksichtigung der rechtlichen Anforderung nach dem Arzneimittelgesetz und nach Abwägung von Kosten-Nutzen-Aspekten eine generelle Leukozytendepletion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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