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  • 1
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the hippocampus of patients with therapy-refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, glial cells of area CA1 might be less able to take up potassium ions via barium-sensitive inwardly rectifying and voltage-independent potassium channels. Using ion-selective microelectrodes we investigated the effects of barium on rises in [K+]o induced by repetitive alvear stimulation in slices from surgically removed hippocampi with and without Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS and non-AHS). In non-AHS tissue, barium augmented rises in [K+]o by 147% and prolonged the half time of recovery by 90%. The barium effect was reversible, concentration dependent, and persisted in the presence of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA(A)] receptor antagonists. In AHS tissue, barium caused a decrease in the baseline level of [K+]o. In contrast to non-AHS slices, in AHS slices with intact synaptic transmission, barium had no effect on the stimulus-induced rises of [K+]o, and the half time of recovery from the rise was less prolonged (by 57%). Under conditions of blocked synaptic transmission, barium augmented stimulus-induced rises in [K+]o, but only by 40%. In both tissues, barium significantly reduced negative slow-field potentials following repetitive stimulation but did not alter the mean population spike amplitude. The findings suggest a significant contribution of glial barium-sensitive K+-channels to K+-buffering in non-AHS tissue and an impairment of glial barium-sensitive K+-uptake in AHS tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuronal fibres of the hippocampal formation of normal and chronic epileptic rats were investigated by fluorescent tracing methods using the pilocarpine model of limbic epilepsy. Two months after onset of spontaneous limbic seizures, hippocampal slices were prepared and maintained in vitro for 10 h. Small crystals of fluorescent dye [fluorescein (fluoro-emerald®) and tetramethylrhodamine (fluoro-ruby®)] were applied to different hippocampal regions. The main findings were: (i) in control rats there was no supragranular labelling when the mossy fibre tract was stained in stratum radiatum of area CA3. However, in epileptic rats a fibre network in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus was retrogradely labelled; (ii) a retrograde innervation of area CA3 by CA1 pyramidal cells was disclosed by labelling remote CA1 neurons after dye injection into the stratum radiatum of area CA3 in chronic epileptic rats; (iii) labelling of CA1 neurons apart from the injection site within area CA1 was observed in epileptic rats but not in control animals; and (iv), a subicular-hippocampal projection was present in pilocarpine-treated rats when the tracer was injected just below the stratum pyramidale of area CA1. The findings show that fibre rearrangement in distinct regions of the epileptic hippocampal formation can occur as an aftermath of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 101 (1998), S. 238-241 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Giant cell tumor • Thoracic spine • ; Bone cement ; Schlüsselwörter Riesenzelltumor • Brustwirbelsäule • Knochenzement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Riesenzelltumoren stellen mit einer Inzidenz von weniger als 5 % aller Knochentumoren eine seltene Tumorerkrankung des Knochens dar. Extrem selten ist die Lokalisation an den Wirbelkörpern der Brustwirbelsäule (1–1,5 % aller Riesenzelltumoren). Wegen des potentiell malignen Charakters werden diese Tumoren durch einen onkologisch radikalen Eingriff in der Regel über einen ventralen Zugang operativ therapiert. An langen Röhrenknochen mit epimetaphysärer Beteiligung hat sich die Auffüllung des Resektionsdefekts mit Knochenzement bewährt. Anhand des Fallbeispieles eines 18 jährigen Patienten mit Riesenzelltumor der oberen Brustwirbelsäule mit hauptsächlich dorsaler Ausbreitung, wird gezeigt, daß im Einzelfall die Defektausräumung, Auffüllung und Instrumentierung über einen dorsalen Zugang genügen kann, eine gute Stabilität bei Rezidivfreiheit zu erreichen.
    Notes: Summary The incidence of giant cell tumors accounts for less than 5 % of all bone tumors. In the thoracic spine these tumors are extremely rare (1–1.5 % of the giant-cell tumors). The potential malignant character of giant cell tumors of the spine usually leads to wide surgical extirpation by ventral approach. The filling of bone defects with palacos cement after tumor resection is sufficient in the metaphysis of long bones. The case presented here is a giant cell tumor of the upper thoracic spine with primarily posterior destruction of the vertebral body and left arch. A single dorsal approach allowed for intralesional resection and filling of the defect with bone cement. This procedure was sufficient to achieve a solid fixation without recurrence of the giant cell tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Hemimegalencephaly ; Positron emission tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report hemimegalencephaly in a 44-year-old woman with mental retardation, epilepsy and a mild hemiparesis. In addition to typical findings on MRI, 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (PET) demonstrated glucose hypometabolism of the affected hemisphere. The results of PET have been coregistered with morphological information from the MRI studies by image fusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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