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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 20 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the avoidance responses of juvenile striped bass, Morone saxatilis and Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus to bis (tri-n-butyltin) oxide. An avoidance responses was exhibited by striped bass at a total organic tin concentration of 24.9 μg/L. Atlantic menhaden exhibited avoidance to total organic tin concentrations of 5.5 μg/L and greater. Atlantic menhaden are generally more sensitive to toxicants than striped bass; therefore, avoidance responses reported in this study are not surprising. It is highly likely that the concentrations of total organic tin that were avoided by the test species in this study were much higher than expected environmental concentrations. Ecologically significant hazards may occur due to potential effects that unperceived or non-avoided organotin concentrations may have on behavioral responses mediated by chemosensory systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 11 (1988), S. 33-42 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Dissolved copper and selected water chemistry parameters were monitored for 11 months in Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A. Dissolved copper concentrations in four recreational marinas, a large harbor, two major river systems, and a heavily used shipping canal ranged from below detectable levels to 80 μg L-1 (\-X=11.7 μg L-1). Dissolved copper was detected 〉91% of the time at five locations. Lowest copper concentrations were found in Potomac River, Baltimore Harbor, Pier One Marina, and C & D Canal (\-X=6–10 μg L-1; slightly higher levels of dissolved copper were found in Choptank River (\-X=12 μg L-1). Highest levels of copper were detected in Port Annapolis, Hartge, and Piney Narrows Marinas (\-X=13–18 μg L-1), with the highest values observed in the study (70 and 80 μg L-1) found in two of these marinas. Copper in the three marinas with highest dissolved copper levels could have been toxic to some of the more sensitive aquatic species. Intensive study of one marina indicated that a likely source of dissolved copper was the recreational boats housed in the marina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Avoidance responses of an estuarine fish, mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), and crustacean, grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) to the antifoulant his (tri-n-butyltin) oxide (TBTO) were evaluated. Four out of six groups of mummichogs tested at 1.0 μg total organic Sn L−1 showed avoidance. Total organic Sn concentrations of ≥ 3.7 μg L−1 were avoided by this fish species in all cases. Higher concentrations of total organic Sn did not result in greater avoidance responses. Grass shrimp did not avoid total organic Sn concentrations between 2.3 and 30.0 μg L−1. Response data at 2.3 and 30 μg L−1 were similar. Mummichogs and grass shrimp differed greatly in their abilities to avoid potentially adverse concentrations of total organic Sn. Since mummichogs are major predators of grass shrimp, these behavioral responses may have important implications for tidal marsh ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 15 (1983), S. 1321-1328 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aqueous bromine reacts with alkyl-sidechain amino acids through a series of steps resulting in the formation of the corresponding alkyl aldelydes and nitriles. The kinetics and the mechanism of the interaction of bromine with alanine are examined. The products and the rates of this reaction are dependent in a complex way on the initial reactant concentration and pH. Acetaldeyde production is favored at low bromine-to-alanine ratios, low bromine concentrations, and pH values above 6. The first-order rate constant for the formation of acetaldelyde from alanine under these conditions is k4 = 1.98 × 1015 e-22,500/RT min-1. At higher concentration the nitrile is formed through a bromoimine intermediate. Under most conditions the nitrile appears to form from a catalyzed decomposition of the bromoimine which is too fast to be followed by the methods used in this study. However, residual amounts of the bromoimine decay by a slower first-order mechanism. The rate constant for this slower reaction in the case of alanine at pH 6.8-6.9 and alanine concentrations of 1 × 10-4M is k6 = 1.75 × 105 e-10,400/RT min-1.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 16 (1984), S. 251-258 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate of the reaction of aqueous sulfite with the N-chloropeptide N-chloroalanylalanylalanine has been studied as a function of pH, temperature, and ionic strength. The results of this work suggest that the mechanism of the reaction involves the interaction of the neutral chloramine with the three ionic forms of sulfite, SO3-2, HSO3-, and H2SO3, with the rate of reaction increasing rapidly with increasing protonation. The estimated second-order rate constants for each ionic species as a function of temperature are \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm SO}_{\rm 3} } \hfill & {k_1 \, = \,2.00\, \times \,10^8 \,{\rm exp}\left( {{{ - 1544} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - 1544} {RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {RT}}} \right){\rm min}^{ - 1} } \hfill \\ {{\rm HSO}_{\rm 3}^ - } \hfill & {k_2 \, = \,4.35\, \times \,10^4 \,{\rm exp}\left( {{{ - 1170} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - 1170} {RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {RT}}} \right){\rm min}^{ - 1} } \hfill \\ {\,\,{\rm SO}_{\rm 3}^{ - 2} } \hfill & {k_3 \, = 1.58\, \times \,10^{12} \,{\rm exp}\left( {{{ - 12,660} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - 12,660} {RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {RT}}} \right){\rm min}^{ - 1} } \hfill \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} where the activation energies are in units of cal/mol.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 401-411 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The tripeptide alanylalanylalanine reacts with either HOCl or HOBr to form a N,N-dihalopeptide. These compounds decompose to the N-halo-N′-(α-iminoketo)peptides plus halide ion. The rate constants for these reactions in 0.4-M NaCl were determined to be \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{*{20}c}{{\rm Cl:}} \hfill & {k_4 = 1.52 \times 10^{15} e^{ - 19,600/RT} \,{\rm min}^{{\rm - 1}} \,({\rm pH}\,{\rm 6}{\rm .7)}} \hfill \\\end{array} \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c}{{\rm Br:}} \hfill & {k_4 = 1.06 \times 10^{15} e^{ - 18,400/RT} \,{\rm min}^{{\rm - 1}} \,({\rm pH}\,{\rm 6}{\rm .6)}} \hfill \\\end{array} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} where the activation energies are in cal/mol. The N-halo-N′-(α-iminoketo)-peptides slowly decompose either by a two-step hydrolysis reaction to form ammonia, halide ion, and an N-(α-acylketo)peptide, or by direct decomposition to a nitrile, an isocyanopeptide, and a halide ion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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