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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 176 (1991), S. 117-137 
    ISSN: 0378-4371
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biology of the Cell 71 (1991), S. 115-122 
    ISSN: 0248-4900
    Keywords: DNA ; biopolymer ; cryofixation methods ; freeze-fracture ; liquid crystal
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 724-726 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We. Prepared large amounts of 50-nm DNA molecules14 and obtained the liquid crystalline phases using distilled water, 0.1 M NaCl and 0.25 M ammonium acetate as solvents without any visible modification of texture in the optical microscope. The first germs of the 'highly concentrated' phase are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 68 (1978), S. 45-58 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By using the optical properties of birefringence of DNA, the arrangement of these molecules has been studied in Dinoflagellate chromosomes and Dipteran polytene chromosomes. These latter are used, here, as a reference material. These observations have been made under a polarizing microscope on intact and stretched chromosomes. — Intact Dinoflagellate chromosomes show a positive birefringence, in contrast with polytene chromosomes bands which are negatively birefringent. From these observations one can deduce the preferential orientation of DNA filaments, in Dinoflagellates, normal to the chromosome axis, and in polytene chromosomes parallel to the same axis. — After stretching, these two kinds of chromosomes are negatively birefringent. In both cases, DNA molecules have been aligned along the stretch axis. — In Dinoflagellate chromosomes the passage from a positive to a negative birefringence is realized without any isotropic stage. The intermediary state presents a biaxial structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 68 (1978), S. 21-44 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans has been studied in classical and high voltage transmission electron microscopy, with the help of a goniometric stage. The general structure of the nucleus is analysed with special reference to the links observed between chromosomes and the nuclear envelope, the nucleoplasm and the nucleolus. The chromosomes present stacked series of nested arcs which are studied in detail. The sense of the arcs can be changed by a simple tilt of the section. These arcs do not correspond to DNA filaments with a genuine bend but to an illusion created by the overlap of layers of filaments whose orientation turns along the chromosome axis. — The transversal orientation of DNA and the examination of defects allow to rule out the polytenic hypothesis. It is clear that this hypothesis does not apply to bacterial nucleoids, which however can form series of nested arcs as in Dinoflagellate chromosomes. — The twisted arrangement of Dinoflagellate chromosomes is that of a liquid crystal of the cholesteric type. DNA is known to self assemble into cholesteric phases and this affords informations on the origin of the elongated shape of chromosomes and on the mechanisms of condensation and aggregation observed in this particular chromatin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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