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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thyroid gland volume ; Breast feeding ; Formula feeding ; Iodine supplementation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The spontaneous development of thyroid gland volume (TGV) during the first 3 months of life was studied in entirely breast-fed infants (n = 21) and compared to those fed an iodine-supplemented formula (n = 19), an iodine-free formula (n = 5), or partially breast-fed in addition to an iodine-free (n = 4) or an iodine-supplemented formula (n =16). The TGV of the infants and their mothers was determined sonographically in addition to their urinary iodine concentrations 57 days postpartum and 3 months later. In ten additional lactating mothers the breast milk concentrations of thyroid hormones and iodine were determined. It was shown that at 3 months of age an infant consuming about 1000 ml breast milk per day receives about 2 μg thyroid hormones and 55 μg iodine per day. At the end of their first week of life the infants showed a TGV between 0.28 and 1.5 ml (median 0.61 ml) and a urinary iodine concentration between 0.03 and 16.3 μg/dl (median 3.0 μg/dl). At 3 months of age the TGV of the breast-fed infants had decreased by a median of 0.24 ml (= −34%; median of percentage changes) whereas those fed a formula without iodine had increased by a median of 0.26 ml (= + 50%; median of percentage changes). Those receiving an iodine-supplemented formula showed a TGV reduction of 0.14 ml (= +2%; median of percentage changes). The TGV development of the partially breast-fed infants lay between those being exclusively breast or formula fed. It is concluded that with respect to the development of TGV, breast milk is superior even to the feeding of an iodine-supplemented formula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Surfactant ; Idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome ; Clinical trial ; Randomization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy and safety of the surfactant preparation, Survanta (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, USA), for 750–1750 g infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, (IRDS) receiving assisted ventilation with 40% or more oxygen. One hundred and six eligible infants from the eight participating centers were randomly assigned between March 1986 and June 1987 to receive either surfactant (100 mg phospholipid/kg, 4 ml/kg) or air (4 ml/kg) administered into the trachea within 8 h of brith (median time of treatment 6.2 h, range 3.2–9.1 h). The study was stopped before enrollment was completed at the request of the United States Food and Drug Administration when significant differences were observed in incidence of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIH), between the surfactant treated and control infants. Surfactant treated infants had larger average increases in the arterial-alveolar oxygen ratio, (a/A ratio) (P〈0.0001), and larger average decreases in FiO2 (P〈0.0001) and mean airway pressure, (MAP) (P〈0.017) than controls over the 48 h following treatment. The magnitude of the differences between the surfactant and control groups were 0.19 (SE=0.03) for a/A ratio, −0.28 (SE=0.04) for FiO2 and −1.7 cm H2O (SE=0.70) for MAP. The clinical status on days 7 and 28 after treatment was classified using four predefined ordered categories: (1) no respiratory support; (2) supplemental O2 with or without continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); (3) intermittent mandatory ventilation; and (4) death. There were no statistically significant differences in the status categories on days 7 or 28 between surfactant and control infants. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing entero-colitis, air leaks or death. There was a statistically significant difference between treated and control infants in the frequency and severity of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIH) (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszelχ 2adj=6.36,P=0.01). Hemorrhages occurred in 59.6% of surfactant treated infants and 26.9% of controls. Severe hemorrhages (grades 3 or 4) occurred in 38.5% of surfactant treated infants and 15.4% of controls (χ 2adj=4.01,P=0.045). We conclude that the intratracheal administration of Survanta prior to 8 h of age to infants with IRDS receiving assisted ventilation with 40% or more oxygen results in a reduction in the severity of respiratory distress during the 48 h after therapy. Because of the difference in incidence of PIH between surfactant and control infants in this study, we recommend that future clinical trials of surfactant include more frequent prospective serial ultrasound evaluations for diagnosis of hemorrhage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
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    Köln : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte. 25 (1973) 384 
    ISSN: 0044-3441
    Topics: History , Philosophy , Theology and Religious Studies
    Notes: BUCHBESPRECHUNGEN
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  • 4
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    Köln : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte. 14 (1962) 78 
    ISSN: 0044-3441
    Topics: History , Philosophy , Theology and Religious Studies
    Notes: Buchbesprechungen
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neonatales Abstinenzsyndrom ; Methadon ; Heroin ; Sucht ; Kinder drogenabhängiger Mütter ; Keywords Neonatal abstinence syndrome ; Methadone ; Heroin ; Addiction ; Children of drug-dependent mothers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In a retrospective case control study at the University of Frankfurt, Germany, 101 babies born to opiate-addicted mothers were identified from birth charts from 1988 to 1995. After birth, they developed a withdrawal syndrome (neonatal abstinence syndrome). Fifty control infants and their mothers were selected from neonatal wards. The group of opiate-exposed babies was subdivided into a group born to mothers without methadone treatment (n=48) and a group born to mothers who were enrolled in a methadone program (n=51). The methadone infants had a significantly higher mean birth weight (2822 g) than children in the group without methadone (2471 g). The abstinence syndrome was much more intense in the methadone group (convulsions 47.1%) than in heroin-exposed babies without methadone treatment (convulsions 27.1%). Women in methadone maintenance programs lived in more stable socioeconomic conditions than opiate-addicted women without methadone substitution. Moreover, they cared significantly better for their babies: 81.3% of the methadone mothers visited their children on a regular basis and 90.9% cared adequately. The data emphasize the need in future research to look more closely at the role of methadone treatment programs in the development of opiate-exposed babies.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer retrospektiven Fall-Kontroll-Studie (Geburtsjahrgänge 1988–1995) an der Universitätsklinik Frankfurt a. M. wurden in der Neonatologie 101 Neugeborene von opiatabhängigen Müttern identifiziert. Postpartal zeigten die Kinder ein Entzugssyndrom (neonatales Abstinenzsyndrom). Eine Kontrollgruppe bestand aus 50 drogenfreien Müttern und ihren Neugeborenen. Die opiatexponierten Kinder wurden dichotomisiert in eine Gruppe von Kindern, deren Mütter Methadon-substituiert wurden (n=51), und in eine Gruppe ohne Methadon-Substitution n=48): Methadon-Kinder hatten ein höheres durchschnittliches Geburtsgewicht (2822 g) als Kinder von nicht substituierten Müttern (2471 g). Das Abstinenzsyndrom verlief in der Methadon-Gruppe schwerer (Krampfanfälle in 47,1%) als in der Gruppe ohne Substitution (Krampfanfälle in 27,1%). Die substituierten Frauen lebten in stabileren sozioökonomischen Verhältnissen als nicht substituierte Frauen und sie kümmerten sich signifikant besser um ihre Kinder: 81,3% der substituierten Mütter besuchten ihre Kinder regelmäßig, das Zuwendungsverhalten war bei 90,9% angemessen. Diese Datenlage gibt Anlass dazu, die Rolle der Methadon-Substitution in der Entwicklung von Kindern opiatabhängiger Mütter zukünftig in der Forschung verstärkt zu berücksichtigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 224 (1977), S. 209-210 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 238 (1985), S. 263-270 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Risikofaktoren für eine IVH sind: Der Transport des Frühgeborenen, schwere fetale Depressionszustände, schwere fetale Azidosen und in besonderem Maße ein mechanisch traumatisierter Geburtsmodus. Hierbei ist nicht die Traumatisierung des Kopfes, sondern die des gesamten Organismus ausschlaggebend. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß sich durch Vermeiden einer traumatisierenden Entbindung die Inzidenz der IVH entscheidend senken läßt. Gleiches gilt für die Vermeidung des Transportes eines eben geborenen Frühgeborenen. Die Konsequenz aus diesen Ergebnissen muß eine möglichst lückenlose Regionalisierung aller Fälle von noch rechtzeitig erkannter drohender Frühgeburten Ze Zentren sein, in denen Geburtshilfe und neonatologische Intensivmedizin funktionell verzahnt und räumlich eng benachbart gemeinsam um das ungeschädigte Aufwachsen gefährdeter Kinder bemüht sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 242 (1987), S. 722-722 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 293 (1967), S. 256-271 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reizstärkenabhängigkeit der Amplitude einer späten oberflächenpositiven Komponente („P 1“; Spitzenlatenz je nach Reizstärke zwischen 190 und 300 ms) im gemittelten optisch evozierten Potential des Menschen gehorcht einer Potenzfunktion mit dem Exponenten 0,21. Eine Potenzfunktion mit gleichem Exponenten hatte Stevens bei subjektiven Leuchtdichtenbeurteilungen mittels seiner Dynamometermethode im psychophysischen Versuch gefunden. Es wird daher angenommen, daß in der Amplitude der beschriebenen Welle eine analoge Verschlüsselung der Information über die Leuchtdichte zu suchen ist. Die Verwendung verschiedener farbiger Lichter ergab keine signifikant verschiedenen Exponenten der Reizstärken-Amplituden-Beziehung. Auf Parallelitäten zwischen den vorliegenden Ergebnissen und den Resultaten entsprechender Untersuchungen anderer Sinnesmodalitäten wird hingewiesen.
    Notes: Summary The correlation between the intensity of light-stimulus and the amplitude of averaged human visual responses is studied. From measurements of a late surface-positive wave (“P 1”; peak latency between 190 and 300 ms according to stimulus intensity) a power function with an exponent of 0.21 can be derived. A similar function with the same exponent was found by Stevens in psychological experiments: his subjects had to estimate the brightness of light-signals and to report their estimations by squeezing a dynamometer. It might be suggested that the amplitude of wave “P 1” relates to an analogical coding of the information about stimulus intensity. Differences between some exponents obtained by using colored lights are irrelevant. Parallels between these results and those from other studies of different sensory modalities are drawn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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