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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 77 (Jan. 1991), p. 257-268 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 4025-4031 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Navier–Stokes velocity and density boundary conditions of a multicomponent gas mixture in front of a wall are considered. The following gas–wall interactions are taken into account: partially inelastic interactions between the gas molecules and the wall (accommodation), conversion among the different molecule species (ionization, etc.), and gas flow through the wall. Since the influence of the kinetic boundary layer on the gas continuum is negligible, the moments in the boundary conditions for the Navier–Stokes equations are calculated with the first-order Chapman–Enskog solution (Maxwell's method).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 462-463 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: During the STS-83 Spacelab mission, a sample of Pd78Cu6Si16 was processed in the electromagnetic levitation facility TEMPUS. Surface oscillations of the levitated liquid droplet were excited, and frequency and damping of the oscillations were observed. Under microgravity conditions, the damping constant is simply related to the viscosity. This method was successfully applied. The experiments were performed in a temperature range of 400 K, including the eutectic temperature Te=1033 K. At this temperature, our data agree well with those of S. K. Lee, K. H. Tsang, and H. W. Kui [J. Appl. Phys. 70, 4842 (1991)]. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 14 (1993), S. 471-483 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: electrical conductivity ; measurement error ; nonuniform fields ; pulse heating ; skin effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of nonuniform electric fields on the measurement of the electrical conductivity in pulse-heated wires is studied analytically. Two causes for nonuniformity are considered: switching-on of an external voltage source (transient skin effect) and temperature-dependent change of the electrical conductivity. This problem usually has two strictly different time scales: a short one, on which the transient skin effect takes place, and a long one, on which heat conduction happens. Here, the short time scale is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 13 (1992), S. 65-74 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: image processing ; levitation ; microgravity ; metals ; surfacetension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An improved method for measuring the surface tension of liquid metals is proposed. It makes use of the electromagnetic levitation technique for levitating a liquid metal droplet and of digital image processing to evaluate the surface oscillations of the droplet. The oscillation frequencies determine the surface tension. This paper contains a discussion of the theoretical background and a description of the experimental setup. In addition, preliminary results on FeNi samples in 1g and microgravity are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 13 (1992), S. 199-210 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: evaporation ; high temperature ; levitation ; liquid metals ; microgravity ; pyrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Containerless materials processing of liquid metals with the use of electromagnetic levitation requires contactless temperature measurement by pyrometry. For high temperatures and under high-vacuum conditions, the vapor pressure of the levitated metal drop increases, leading to evaporation losses of the sample material. This flux condenses on the cold parts of the experimental apparatus including the window in front of the pyrometer. As a result, the intensity of radiation reaching the pyrometer decreases, which is erroneously interpreted as a decrease in temperature. Several methods to protect the pyrometer against contamination have been proposed. In this paper, we report experimental tests of the concepts of shielding windows and mirror optics placed into the optical path between the sample and the pyrometer. Temperature measurements with a periscopic mirror system are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Letters in mathematical physics 16 (1988), S. 145-149 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the gap problem for the sequence mβ used in our previous Letter (D. H. Mayer, Lett. Math. Phys. 16, 139–143 (1988)).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 1005-1015 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: Co–Pd alloy ; electromagnetic levitation ; liquid metals ; microgravity ; Pd–Cu–Si alloy ; surface tension ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The viscosity and surface tension of liquid metals can be measured by observing the oscillations of a levitated drop. The frequency is related to the surface tension, while the viscosity determines the damping of the oscillations. If no external forces are present, as in microgravity, these relations are particularly simple and precise. During the recent Spacelab mission MSL-1, such experiments have been performed on Co–Pd and Pd–Cu–Si using the electromagnetic levitation facility TEMPUS. It was possible to obtain data over a wide temperature range, including the undercooled regime. While the temperature dependence of the surface tension remains linear over the complete range, the temperature dependence of the viscosity is much more pronounced and is discussed in terms of different models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 1029-1039 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: containerless processing ; electrical conductivity ; electromagnetic levitation ; induction ; metallic melt ; undercooled metallic liquids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A facility for noninvasive measurements of the electrical conductivity of liquid metals above and below the melting temperature is presented. It combines the containerless positioning method of electromagnetic levitation with the contact-less technique of inductive conductivity measurement. Contrary to the conventional measurement method, the sample is freely suspended within the measuring field and, thus, has no exactly predefined shape. This made a new theoretical basis necessary with implications on the measurement and levitation fields. Furthermore, the problem of the mutual inductive interactions between the levitation and the measuring coils had to be solved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 14 (1993), S. 573-584 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: density ; electrical conductivity ; electromagnetic levitation ; emissivity ; liquid metals ; microgravity ; specific heat ; surface tension ; undercooling ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract With the advent of containerless processing techniques such as electromagnetic levitation, it is now possible to study the properties of high-temperature liquid metalsin situ by applying sophisticated noncontact diagnostics, such as pyrometry and high-speed videography. Thermophysical properties of interest are, e.g., specific heat, thermal conductivity, and viscosity. Applying containerless processing, it is also possible to undercool the melt because of the lack of container-induced nucleation sites. This gives access to a metastable region of the phase diagram. The knowledge of thermophysical data in this region is very important, because undercooling plays a major role in any solidification process. The degree of undercooling not only determines the growth velocity, but also is crucial in selecting the eventually obtained metastable solid phase. In this paper, some recent developments are surveyed relating to the noncontact measurements of emissivity, specific heat, electrical conductivity, density, surface tension, and viscosity, as well as a discussion of possible experiments in microgravity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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