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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor® 1254 on the American oyster Crassostrea virginica (1972)
    Springer
    Marine biology 17 (1972), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Young oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were continuously exposed to Aroclor® 1254, a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), in flowing, unfiltered seawater. Growth rate (height and in-water weight) was significantly reduced (α=0.05) in oysters exposed to 5 μg/l (ppb) for 24 weeks. Growth rate was not affected in oysters exposed to 1 ppb for 30 weeks. Mortality was not significant in exposed and control groups. In oysters exposed to 5 ppb, greatest PCB residue (whole body) was 425 mg/kg (ppm), 85,000x the concentration in the water, and less than 0.3 ppm was retained after 28 weeks depuration in PCB-free water. In oysters exposed to 1 ppb, greatest residue was 101 ppm, 101,000x the concentration in the water, and less than 0.2 ppm was retained after 12 weeks depuration. Examination of oysters exposed to 5 ppb of this PCB for pathogenesis revealed atrophy of digestive diverticular epithelium and degeneration of vesicular connective tissues concomitant with leukocytic infiltration, but tissue recovery seemed excellent after 12 weeks depuration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366295
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic toxicity, uptake, and retention of aroclor® 1254 in two estuarine fishes (1971)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 6 (1971), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Our results suggest that chronic exposure to Aroclor 1254 increased susceptibility of test pinfish and spot to disease, and also appeared to be toxic to these fish. This PCB is rapidly stored by pinfish and spot, and persists in tissues for approximately three months. Our findings emphasize the need for further study on the effect of chronic exposure of aquatic organisms to polychlorinated biphenyls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540091
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) in the water, sediment, and biota of escambia bay, Florida (1970)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 5 (1970), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01617196
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of Aroclor® 1254 and its physiological activity in several estuarine organisms (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 3 (1975), S. 22-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of high concentrations of a PCB (Aroclor 1254) in the Pensacola estuary prompted field and laboratory studies by the Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory (EPA). Monitoring of the estuary indicates the chemical is present in all components-particularly in sediments and fishes. Residues appear to be diminishing in sediments. Toxicity tests show estuarine species sensitive at ppb concentrations in water, with a ciliate protozoan (Tetrahymena pyriformis W), shrimps (Penaeus duorarum, P. aztecus, andPalaemonetes pugio), and a fish (Fundulus similis), affected at or near 1.0 ppb. Tissue concentrations of Aroclor 1254 similar to those found in natural populations of shrimps from the contaminated estuary were successfully duplicated in laboratory experiments. Shrimps also concentrated the PCB from very low concentrations (0.04 ppb) in the water. Three estuarine species demonstrated pathologic changes at tissue and cellular level after chronic exposure to the chemical. Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) developed abnormal infiltration of leukocytes in the connective tissue, spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) developed fatty changes in their livers, and shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) developed crystalloids in hepatopancreatic nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221129
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of mirex on the larval development of two crabs (1972)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 1 (1972), S. 165-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The effects of mirex, a chlorinated hydrocarbon used to kill the imported red ant, Solenopsis saevissima richteri, on the complete larval development of two crabs, Rhithropanopeus harrisii and Menippe mercenaria are described. The duration of developmental stages of Rhithropanopeus and the total time of development is generally lengthened with an increase in concentration of mirex from 0.01 to 10.0 ppb. There are highly significant differences between survival of larvae in the control and in each concentration of mirex. In Menippe, there were no pronounced differences in duration of developmental stages with increased concentrations of mirex, but the percentage of extra 6th zoeae was greater as concentrations were increased. There was differential survival of the developmental stages in relation to concentration of mirex, and Menippe larvae were much more sensitive to mirex than Rhithropanopeus larvae, especially in the megalopal stage. Residue analysis revealed that Menippe concentrates mirex more efficiently during development to crab stages than does Rhithropanopeus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187705
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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