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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; VLDL metabolism ; LDL metabolism ; human macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The very low- and low-density lipoprotein fractions were isolated from 16 normolipidaemic Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in good to fair glycaemic control and from corresponding age-, sex-, and race-matched, non-diabetic control subjects. Rates of cholesteryl ester synthesis averaged 268±31 vs 289±40 pmol 14C-cholesteryl oleate·-mg cell protein−1·20 h−1 for very low- and 506±34 vs 556±51 pmol 14C-cholesteryl oleate·mg cell protein−1·20 h−1 for low-density lipoproteins isolated from the Type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects, respectively, when they were incubated with human macrophages. A group of approximately one-third of the patients was selected for separate analyses because very low-density lipoproteins isolated from these patients did stimulate more cholesteryl ester synthesis when incubated with macrophages. There were no significant differences in the lipid composition of the lipoproteins isolated from the three groups of subjects. The relative proportion of apoprotein C to apoprotein E was significantly decreased (p〈0.002) in the very low-density lipoproteins from diabetic patients and was further decreased in samples from these selected diabetic patients. The apoprotein C-I content of very low-density lipoproteins isolated from diabetic patients was increased compared to control subjects and was further increased in samples from the selected diabetic patients (p〈0.02). There were no significant differences in the proportions of apoproteins C-III-0, C-III-1, or C-III-2 among the three groups. These studies suggest that in normolipidaemic Type 2 diabetic patients, the apoprotein composition of VLDL is abnormal and this may alter VLDL macrophage interactions and thus contribute to the increased prevalence of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Collagen ; non-enzymatic glycosylation ; limited joint mobility ; haemoglobin A1 ; ketoamine link
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forearm skin biopsies were obtained from diabetic subjects with and without limited joint mobility, and from non-diabetic control subjects. Collagen purified from these samples was assayed for non-enzymatic glycosylation. The level in all diabetic patients was significantly greater than that in control subjects (p〈0.001), but those diabetic patients with limited joint mobility had a level of collagen glycosylation similar to that in those with normal joints (15.3±1.3 and 16.5±1.3 nmol fructose/10 mg protein, respectively; mean±SEM). Glycosylation of collagen in the diabetic patients correlated with glycosylated haemoglobin measured at the time of skin biopsy (r=0.60). These results do not support the hypothesis that non-enzymatic glycosylation of collagen, as reflected by the ketoamine link, plays an important role in the development of limited joint mobility in diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 663 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 13 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In eight cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, two of which also contained well-differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma, staining for S-100 protein was negative. These findings support the view that the outer layer of cells in prostatic acini is not myoepithelial in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 73 (2000), S. 89-103 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary  The development and movement of sea breezes under the influence of a thermally induced synoptic coastal trough and coastal terrain are simulated. These simulations are analyzed in the context of an extensive observational data set. The synoptic trough acts to determine the presence and intensity of the sea breeze through the advection of warm air in the surface layer whereas local topography acts to enhance the breeze and turn the low-level flow. Interaction between the sea breeze circulation and the trough assists trough movement across the coastline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 30 (1982), S. 357-369 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Globalstrahlung wird aufgrund von dreistündigen Bewölkungsbeobachtungen berechnet und mit gemessenen Strahlungswerten verglichen. Damit wird gezeigt, daß es möglich ist, Tageswerte der Globalstrahlung bis auf 15% vorherzusagen und auf diese Art das Potential von verfügbaren Daten der Strahlungsenergie für Zwecke der Heliotechnologie in West-Australien zu erweitern.
    Notes: Summary Solar irradiance is estimated on the basis of three hourly cloud observations and compared with the measured irradiance. This indicates that it is possible to predict daily global irradiation to within 15% and thus illustrates the potential for extending the solar energy data base available for heliotechnology in Western Australia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 30 (1982), S. 371-382 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Analyse der Beziehung zwischen Globalstrahlung und Sonnenscheindauer wird zur Berechnung der mittleren täglichen Globalstrahlung an Beobachtungsstationen der Sonnenscheindauer in Westaustralien angewendet. Es wird gezeigt, daß diese Methode die Monatsmittel der täglichen Globalstrahlung bis auf mindestens 10% Genauigkeit ergibt und damit eine Vermehrung der Globalstrahlungswerte als Grundlage für die Heliotechnik ermöglicht.
    Notes: Summary Global irradiation/sunshine duration regression analysis is used to estimate the mean daily global irradiation at sunshine monitoring stations within Western Australia. It is shown that this method estimates the monthly mean daily global irradiation to within 10% and thus has the potential for extending the available global irradiation data base for heliotechnology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes ; low density lipoproteins ; glycosylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glycosylation of low density lipoproteins obtained from 16 patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and from 16 age-, sex-, and race-matched controls, was determined. The diabetic patients were normolipaemic and were in good or fair glycaemic control. Eleven patients performed home blood glucose monitoring. Glycosylation of low density lipoproteins in the diabetic patients was significantly higher (p 〈 0.001) than in the control subjects, and was significantly correlated with haemoglobin A1c, (p 〈 0.01), glycosylation of plasma proteins, (p 〈 0.001), and mean home blood glucose, (p 〈 0.01). This study confirms that, in diabetic patients, increased glycosylation of low density lipoprotein occurs to an extent which correlates closely with other commonly used indices of glycaemic control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes ; LDL metabolism ; glycosylated LDL ; cholesteryl ester synthesis ; human macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis. In this study we aimed to demonstrate whether there is an abnormal interaction between low-density lipoproteins from diabetic patients and human macrophages. We measured cholesteryl ester synthesis and cholesteryl ester accumulation in human monocytederived macrophages (obtained from non-diabetic donors) incubated with low density lipoproteins from Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in good or fair glycaemic control. Low density lipoproteins from the diabetic patients stimulated more cholesteryl ester synthesis than low density lipoproteins from non-diabetic control subjects (7.19±1.19 vs 6.11±0.94 nmol/mg cell protein/20 h, mean±SEM, p〈0.05). The stimulation of cholesteryl ester synthesis by low density lipoproteins isolated from diabetic patients was paralleled by a significant increase in intracellular cholesteryl ester accumulation (p〈0.02). There were no significant differences in the lipid composition of low density lipoproteins between the diabetic and control groups. Non-enzymatic glycosylation of low density lipoproteins was higher in the diabetic group (p〈0.01) and correlated significantly with cholesteryl ester synthesis (r=0.58). Similarly, low-density lipoproteins obtained from non-diabetic subjects and glycosylated in vitro stimulated more cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages than control low density lipoproteins. The increase in cholesteryl ester synthesis and accumulation by cells exposed to low density lipoproteins from diabetic patients seems to be mediated by an increased uptake of these lipoproteins by macrophages. This study suggests that glycosylation of low density lipoproteins to the extent occurring in diabetes may alter their interaction with human monocyte-derived macrophages and may lead to increased intracellular cholesteryl ester accumulation. The results suggest a possible mechanism by which hyperglycaemia may contribute to the acceleration of atherosclerosis in diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1327
    Keywords: Key words Copper ; Zinc ; Superoxide dismutase ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated factors that influence the properties of the zinc binding site in yeast copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD). The properties of yeast CuZnSOD are essentially invariant from pH 5 to pH 9. However, below this pH range there is a change in the nature of the zinc binding site which can be interpreted as either (1) a change in metal binding affinity from strong to weak, (2) the expulsion of the metal bound at this site, or (3) a transition from a normal distorted tetrahedral ligand orientation to a more symmetric arrangement of ligands. This change is strongly reminiscent of a similar pH-induced transition seen for the bovine protein and, based on the data presented herein, is proposed to be a property that is conserved among CuZnSODs. The transition demonstrated for the yeast protein is not only sensitive to the pH of the buffering solution but also to the occupancy and redox status of the adjacent copper binding site. Furthermore, we have investigated the effect of single site mutations on the pH- and redox-sensitivity of Co2+ binding at the zinc site. Each of the mutants H46R, H48Q, H63A, H63E, H80C, G85R, and D83H is capable of binding Co2+ to a zinc site with a distorted tetrahedral geometry similar to that of wild-type. However, they do so only if Cu+ is bound at the copper site or if the pH in raised to near physiological levels, indicating that the change at the zinc binding site seen in the wild-type is conserved in the mutants, albeit with an altered pK a. The mutants H71C and D83A did not bind Co2+ in a wild-type-like fashion under any of the conditions tested. This study reveals that the zinc binding site is exquisitely sensitive to changes in the protein environment. Since three of the mutant yeast proteins investigated here contain mutations analogous to those that cause ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) in humans, this finding implicates improper metal binding as a mechanism by which CuZnSOD mutants exert their toxic gain of function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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