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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing electric field models using ring current ion energy spectra from the Equator-S ion composition (ESIC) instrument (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 1611-1621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Magnetospheric physics (energetic particles trapped ; plasma convection ; storms and substorms)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract During the main and early recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm on February 18, 1998, the Equator-S ion composition instrument (ESIC) observed spectral features which typically represent the differences in loss along the drift path in the energy range (5–15 keV/e) where the drift changes from being E × B dominated to being gradient and curvature drift dominated. We compare the expected energy spectra modeled using a Volland-Stern electric field and a Weimer electric field, assuming charge exchange along the drift path, with the observed energy spectra for H+ and O+. We find that using the Weimer electric field gives much better agreement with the spectral features, and with the observed losses. Neither model, however, accurately predicts the energies of the observed minima.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1611-2
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of interstellar pickup ion distributions in the solar wind with SOHO and Cluster (1996)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 14 (1996), S. 492-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Over the last 10 years, the experimental basis for the study of the local interstellar medium has been substantially enhanced by the direct detection of interstellar pickup ions and of interstellar neutral helium within the heliosphere. Pickup ions can be studied for a wide range of interstellar species. However, currently the accuracy of the method to determine the parameters of the interstellar medium, namely neutral density, temperature and relative velocity, is hampered by two problems: (1) In most cases the crucial ionization rates are not available from simultaneous measurements and (2) the transport of the pickup ions in the interplanetary medium substantially modifies the measured spatial distribution of the ions. In this study we will discuss how the enhanced capabilities of the instrumentation on SOHO and Cluster in combination with ongoing efforts to model the pickup ion distributions will lead to a significant improvement over the coming years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0492-x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extended magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause from detection of bi-directional jets (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 404 (2000), S. 848-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Magnetic reconnection is a process that converts magnetic energy into bi-directional plasma jets; it is believed to be the dominant process by which solar-wind energy enters the Earth's magnetosphere. This energy is subsequently dissipated by magnetic storms and aurorae. Previous ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35009050
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High mass resolution isochronous time-of-flight spectrograph for three-dimensional space plasma measurements (abstract) : Eighth topical conference on high—temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3150-3150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: By combining a toroidal electrostatic analyzer with a novel cylindrically symmetric isochronous time-of-flight mass spectrometer, we have developed an instrument that simultaneously determines the three-dimensional distribution function of ions and differentiates species. The ion mass is determined to high resolution (M/ΔM(approximately-greater-than)50) from the time of flight within a harmonic field configuration defined by hyperboloid equipotential surfaces. A second conventional time-of-flight channel makes use of particles leaving the thin entrance foil as neutrals. An additional solid state detector in which the neutrals are stopped allows the total energy and thereby the ionic charge of the incident ions to be determined as well. Information from the neutral and the ion channels can be combined to determine the total mass of an incident molecular ion and the mass of one atomic fragment. This also removes the ambiguity between molecular ions and isotopic species of the same mass. A laboratory prototype has been used to demonstrate the feasibility of the principle of operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141670
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High mass resolution isochronous time-of-flight spectrograph for three-dimensional space plasma measurements (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3609-3612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: By combining a toroidal electrostatic analyzer with a novel cylindrically symmetric isochronous time-of-flight mass spectrometer, we have developed an instrument that simultaneously determines the three-dimensional distribution function of ions and differentiates species. The ion mass is determined to high resolution (M/ΔM(approximately-greater-than)50) from the time of flight within a harmonic field configuration defined by hyperboloid equipotential surfaces. A second conventional time-of-flight channel makes use of particles leaving the thin entrance foil as neutrals. An additional solid state detector in which the neutrals are stopped allows the total energy and thereby the ionic charge of the incident ions to be determined as well. Information from the neutral and the ion channels can be combined to determine the total mass of an incident molecular ion and the mass of one atomic fragment. This also removes the ambiguity between molecular ions and isotopic species of the same mass. A laboratory prototype has been used to demonstrate the feasibility of the principle of operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141580
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First Solar EUV Irradiances Obtained from SOHO by the Celias/Sem (1998)
    Springer
    Solar physics 177 (1998), S. 161-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The first results obtained with the Solar EUV Monitor (SEM), part of the Charge, Element, and Isotope Analysis System (CELIAS) instrument, aboard the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) satellite are presented. The instrument monitors the full-disk absolute value of the solar Heii irradiance at 30.4 nm, and the full-disk absolute solar irradiance integrated between 0.1 nm and 77 nm. The SEM was first turned on December 15, 1995 and obtained ‘first light’ on December 16, 1995. At this time the SOHO spacecraft was close to the L-1 Lagrange point, 1.5 × 106 km from the Earth towards the Sun. The data obtained by the SEM during the first four and a half months of operation will be presented. Although the period of observation is near solar minimum, the SEM data reveal strong short-term solar irradiance variations in the broad-band, central image channel, which includes solar X-ray emissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004929011427
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of He + pick-up ions of interstellar origin in the solar wind (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 318 (1985), S. 426-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Singly-ionized helium with a velocity distribution extending up to double the solar wind velocity has been detected in interplanetary space. This distribution unambiguously determines the source: interstellar neutrals, ionized and accelerated in the solar wind. The observed significant flux ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/318426a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surgical treatment of pheochromocytomas (1999)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 13 (1999), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Adrenalectomy — Laparoscopic — Pheochromocytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The use of minimally invasive techniques in the surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma is controversial because of possible intraoperative excessive hormone release resulting in cardiovascular instabilities. Methods: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed in nine patients with a total of 10 pheochromocytomas. Conversion was required in two cases. The relevant data were prospectively documented and compared with a historical group of nine patients who had undergone conventional transabdominal adrenalectomy for unilateral pheochromocytoma. Results: The laparoscopic operations lasted significantly longer than the conventional procedures (median 243 min vs. 100 min, p 〈 0.01). Intraoperative cardiovascular instabilities (tachycardia, hypertension) occurred in seven laparoscopically and eight conventionally treated patients. All were easily controlled. Blood transfusions were necessary in four patients in the conventional and one patient in the laparoscopic group. Postoperative hospital stay and duration of analgetic treatment were significantly shorter after laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Conclusions: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe procedure for patients with pheochromocytoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900893
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Cortisonbehandlung schwerer Tuberkuloseformen (1959)
    Springer
    Lung 121 (1959), S. 219-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02140395
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pseudo Chiari type I malformation secondary to cerebrospinal fluid leakage (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 246 (1999), S. 162-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Cerebrospinal fluid ; (CSF) leakage ; Postural headache ; Intracranial hypotension ; Pseudo-chiari type-I malformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage may occur spontaneously, iatrogenically or from spinal trauma. Postural headache is the cardinal symptom; dizziness, diminished hearing, nausea and vomiting are additional symptoms. In neurological examinations cranial nerve palsies may be found. Due to low CSF pressure neuroimaging studies may reveal dural enhancement and vertical displacement of the brain. We describe a patient with the history of an uncomplicated lumbar discectomy at the level L4-5 and the typical clinical symptoms of intracranial hypotension. MRI of the craniocervical junction schowed typical features of a Chiari type-I malformation. After neurosurgical ligation of a CSF leak at L4-5 caused by lumbar disc surgery, the patient was free of orthostatic headache. A repeated MRI showed a striking reduction of the previous downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils and pons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050327
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