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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Möglichkeiten in der immunologischen Diagnostik der Treponemen-Infektion (Syphilis) (1974)
    Springer
    Infection 2 (1974), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A report is given on a technique for detection of specific IgM antibodies against Treponema. Using an FITC-labelled antihuman IgM serum from rabbits the antibodies are identified in the patient's serum by fluorescence either directly or after gel-diffusion of the serum through sephadex G 200. The findings in serum samples from 609 patients with either untreated or adequately treated syphilis are presented. These show that the method is suitable for the early recognition of a Treponema infection. It is also pointed out that the results of the test would appear to enable the assessment of the effects of a specific antibiotic therapy of the infection.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über ein Verfahren zum Nachweis treponemen-spezifischer IgM-Antikörper berichtet. Dabei werden die Antikörper unter Verwendung eines FITC-markierten Anti-Human-IgM-Serums vom Kaninchen im Patientenserum direkt — oder nach Gel-Diffusion des Serums über Sephadex G 200 — fluoreszenz-optisch erfaßt. Die an den Serumproben von 609 Patienten mit unbehandelter bzw. ausreichend behandelter Syphilis erhobenen Befunde werden mitgeteilt. Sie zeigen, daß die Methodik zur Früherfassung einer Treponemen-Infektion beim Erwachsenen geeignet ist. Darüber hinaus wird dargestellt, daß das Testergebnis die Beurteilung des Effektes einer spezifischen, antibiotischen Behandlung der Infektion zu ermöglichen scheint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01642231
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluid solution and solid-state electron nuclear double resonance studies of flavin model compounds and flavoenzymes (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 106 (1984), S. 737-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00315a048
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature microwave absorption in insulating materials (1968)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 90 (1968), S. 3146-3149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01014a031
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical distribution of chlorofluoromethanes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 554-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Chlorofluoromethanes ; Gradients ; Tropopause region
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Vertical profiles of CCl4, CFCl3, and CF2Cl2 mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere have been measured on four flights with chartered aircraft, type HS 125. The flights were carried out in November and December 1976 over Europe at latitudes between 50 and 60°N. At least eight air samples were taken during each ascent and descent of the aircraft at altitudes between 7 and 12.5 km. The samples were analysed in the laboratory using gaschromatographic procedures. The results indicate a decrease of the CCl4, CFCl3, and CF2Cl2 mixing ratios above the tropopause. The observed average gradients in the stratosphere are 14 pptv/km for CCl4, 12 pptv/km for CFCl3 and 27.8 pptv/km for CF2Cl2. With exception of CFCl3 these gradients are higher than those predicted by model calculations. Apparently, further sink mechanisms for CCl4 and CF2Cl2 exist in the lower stratosphere not yet included in the models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01636908
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The first appearance of the human nervous system at stage 8 (1981)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 163 (1981), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human embryo ; Human brain ; Neuroembryology ; Neural groove ; Developmental stages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven embryos of stage 8 (18 days), including a set of twins, were studied in detail and graphic reconstructions were prepared. This is the first report based on more than two specimens, as well as the first account of embryos of excellent histological quality at this developmental stage. Detailed measurements of the embryos are provided. It is found that the neural groove, which is the first morphological manifestation of the nervous system, is present in one quarter of embryos of stage 8. The neural folds are very largely cerebral rather than spinal. Correlations with other developmental features suggest that the neural groove is seen only when a certain degree of size and maturity has been reached by embryos of this important stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315766
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The human brain at stage 17, including the appearance of the future olfactory bulb and the first amygdaloid nuclei (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 353-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human brain ; Cerebral hemispheres ; Amygdaloid nuclei ; Olfactory bulb ; Cerebellum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The growth of the cerebral hemispheres rostrally and caudodorsally brings about a deepening of the interlongitudinal fissure, in which blood capillaries for the future choroid plexus develop. Accumulation of mesenchyme basally presages the formation of the nasal septum. The olfactory bulb and tubercle become outlined. The three main areas of the telencephalon, future archi-, paleo-, and neocortex, can be recognized. The amygdaloid body, which is related to the medial ventricular eminence, contains either one or two nuclei. Nerve fibres from the olfactory tubercle arrive and pass through the amygdaloid area. The first indication of a septal nucleus is recognizable. The lateral ventricular eminence is present but not pronounced. The hemispheric stalk joins the cerebral hemispheres to the ventral thalamus and to the diencephalic part of the medial ventricular eminence. The beginning of the future choroid plexus consists in the formation of blood vessels and necrotic changes in the roof of the telencephalon medium and in rostral growth of the anterior choroid artery. Necrotic processes in the future choroid epithelium are now localized at the periphery of the still multilaminar tissue. The sulcus medius and zona intrathalamica delimit the dorsal from the ventral thalamus. The dimesencephalic borderline passes through the commissural fibres in the roof: the rostral part of the commissure is the posterior commissure, the caudal part, the commissure of the superior colliculi. In the mesencephalon, the red nucleus has a laterorostral position with regard to the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve. The cells of the locus coeruleus are well distinguishable. The gustatory fibres begin to separate from the common afferent tract as the tractus solitarius. Inferior and superior salivatory nuclei are delineated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311167
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The human brain at stages 18–20, including the choroid plexuses and the amygdaloid and septal nuclei (1990)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 182 (1990), S. 285-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human brain ; Amygdaloid nuclei ; Septal nuclei ; Choroid plexus ; Cerebellum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the human brain during the seventh embryonic week was studied in serial sections of 88 embryos, and graphic reconstructions were prepared. From stages 18 to 20 the cerebral hemispheres expand rapidly and become more and more distinct entities. The longitudinal fissure between them occupies approximately half of their rostrocaudal extent. In stage 20 they have progressed so far in organization that functional aspects (based on synapses in the primordial plexiform layer) are of importance. An advanced differentiation is also present in the amygdaloid body, which has at least four individual nuclei, and in the forebrain septum, which shows the nucleus of the diagonal band and the medial septal nucleus. This has a bearing on recent experimental studies that document the fundamental role of the septal nuclei with regard to behavioural and cognitive functions. Fibre connections between septal nuclei and hippocampus have appeared. A definitive internal capsule, however, is not yet present. The main connections with diencephalon and other parts of the brain are chiefly by fibres to or from the amygdaloid body by way of the lateral forebrain bundle. The olfactory areas are connected with the habenular nuclei by a well developed stria medullaris thalami. Globus pallidus externus, entopeduncular nucleus, and subthalamic nucleus are prominent features in the subthalamus. The main nucleus of the oculomotor nerve shows a dorsolateral and a ventromedial portion. The rhombic lip is mitotically active in all parts of the rhombencephalon, and seems to participate significantly in the formation of the intermediate layer of the cerebellum and of the cochlear nuclei. The sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve has appeared. In the cerebellum the cell layer thought to contain the future Purkinje cells develops. The cerebellar plate is organized into external and internal bulges, and is now connected with mid- and hindbrain through fibre bundles. The area thought to be the dentate nucleus and the supposed floccular region are especially rich in fibres. The accessory olivary nucleus appears in stage 19, and accessory nuclei of the abducent and hypoglossal nerves are evident in stage 20. The choroid plexuses of the fourth and lateral ventricles have appeared. In view of their advanced features, the study of embryos of stages 19–21 becomes increasingly relevant to questions of tissue transplanation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185521
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The human brain at stages 21–23, with particular reference to the cerebral cortical plate and to the development of the cerebellum (1990)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 182 (1990), S. 375-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human brain ; Cortical plate ; Internal capsule ; Cerebellar commissures ; Corpus striatum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the human brain during the eighth embryonic week was studied in serial sections of 22 embryos, and graphic reconstructions were prepared. The cortical plate appears in stage 21 in the area of the future insula and is an excellent feature for staging. The internal capsule contains neocortical fibres. Its three main outlets begin to be present in stage 22 and lead to epithalamus, to dorsal thalamus, and to mesencephalon. At this time a well developed lateral olfactory tract can be seen. The anterior commissure appears in stage 23. A clear developmental relationship between claustrum and olfactory area is described for the first time in human embryos. The optic tract reaches the ventral area of the lateral geniculate body. Scattered fibres of the lateral lemniscus reach at least as far as the caudal mesencephalon, in which superior and inferior colliculi can be distinguished at stage 23; two caudalBlindsäcke containing ventricular recesses form in stage 23. The cerebellum is still present as a plate, but its internal bulge is considerably enlarged. It possesses radially- and tangentially-arranged cells; the latter form the external germinal layer. The dentate nucleus, as well as the inferior and superior cerebellar peduncles and some of the cerebellar commissures, are present. Compared with the highly developed and probably already functional remainder of the hindbrain, the cerebellar plate shows far less differentiation. Two caudal migratory streams (marginal and submarginal) are present and represent the corpus pontobulbare. The decussation of the pyramids appears in stage 23. This article concludes the study of the developing human brain during the embryonic period, from stage 8 to stage 23. The series was based on 340 serially-sectioned embryos and graphic reconstructions from 89 brains. No comparable investigation of the fetal brain is available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02433497
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of the anterior falcate and lacrimal arteries in the human (1977)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 150 (1977), S. 207-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human fetus ; Development ; Meningeal arteries ; Anterior falcate artery ; Lacrimal artery ; Pongidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Certain arteries of the head were studied in injected human fetuses from 143 to 290 mm C.-R., as well as in the organg-utan and gorilla, and in microscopical sections from 29 to 162 mm C.-R., as well as in an adult. It was found that, during human ontogenesis, an anterior falcate artery supplies the dura mater of the medial part of the frontal bone. It appears at 40 mm and reaches its full development by 115 mm. Normally it becomes reduced and is transformed into the anterior meningeal artery postnatally. It communicates with the meningeal branches of the lacrimal artery. Under pathological conditions that affect the dura mater, the falcate artery may appear postnatally in angiograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316651
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The first appearance of the major divisions of the human brain at stage 9 (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 168 (1983), S. 419-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human embryo ; Human brain ; Neuroembryology ; Neural plate ; Developmental stages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five embryos of stage 9 (20 days) were studied in detail and graphic reconstructions were prepared. This is the first report based on more than one specimen of this rarely seen stage. Detailed measurements of the embryos are provided. The characteristic features of this stage are 1 to 3 pairs of somites, the head fold and foregut, the otic discs, and the pericardial cavity. The primitive streak is not decreasing as rapidly as in stage 8 but the caudal eminence is proliferating. The notochordal plate is not increasing as rapidly as in stage 8 and a notochord is not yet present. It is to be stressed that the 3 major dividions of the brain (prosencephalic, mesencephalic, and rhombencephalic) can be identified in the open neural groove. The rhombencephalon is the dominant feature of the brain and comprises 4 subdivisions, the last of which, previously unrecognized, is related to the (occipital) somites and represents the hypoglossal region. Features that may not be visible include the caudal fold and hindgut, endocardial tubes or plexus, neural crest, and neurenteric canal. In 2 specimens, atria, left ventricle, right ventricle, conotruncus, and first (or first and second) aortic arches are distinguishable. Two of the embryos studied are the earliest examples in which neural crest has been identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304278
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